In the years 2014–2017, a field experiment was carried out, in which two types of waste were applied to soil. One of them was mineral waste – carboniferous rock from a hard coal mine, and the other – ...organic waste – post-fermentation sludge from agricultural biogas-producing plant. The experiment was an example of an action, in which soil management was associated with their drainage effects on the soil. The waste was applied to the light soil of low utility value, included in the V bonitation class (in polish soil quality classification) and the 6th complex of agricultural suitability (weak rye). According to the WRB classification, it was Haplic Podzol (PZha) developed from the post-glacial sand. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in soil compaction caused by a single introduction of waste. During the four-year study (2014–2017), the durability of these changes was also observed. It was found that the best effects of reducing the soil compaction were obtained as a result of the combined application of two wastes: carboniferous rock and post-fermentation sludge. Introduction of waste into the soil was also permanent, as differences resulting from the soil management continued in the fourth year of the experiment.
Issue Title: Shallow Lakes 2002 In order to disentangle the causes of variations in water chemistry among European shallow lakes, we performed standardised sampling programs in 86 lakes along a ...latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to northern Sweden. Lakes with an area of 0.1 to 27 000 ha and mean depth of 0.4-5.6 m located in low to high altitudes were investigated within the EC project ECOFRAME 1-4 times during June-October 2000-2001. Several variables like conductivity, alkalinity, abundance of submerged plants, concentrations of suspended solids, total nitrogen and phosphorus were latitude-dependent decreasing from south to north. Secchi depth, concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended solids, and chlorophyll a correlated strongly with the presumed quality classes of the lakes. We came to the conclusion that the variability of shallow lakes in Europe is still mostly dependent on natural differences. Variables connected to lake morphometry, seasonality, basin geology and climate explained altogether nearly half of the total variability of lakes. The trophic state factor, describing mostly the human influence on lakes, was the strongest single factor responsible for nearly a quarter of the total variability of the studied European lakes.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to analyse selected chemical properties of soils that have been in perennial orchard use. Four at least 20-year-old apple orchards were chosen for the investigation. ...Soils samples of chernozem, two luvisols and fluvisol developed from loess and silts were collected from the herbicide strips, from the depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and > 35 cm. Following analyses were performed: pH in water and 1M KCl, hydrolytic acidity (Hh), sum of basic cations (S), total sorption capacity (T), share of basic cations in sorption complex (V) calculated on the basis of Hh, S and T measurements, organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Ntot), available forms of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). The silty soils remaining under perennial use of orchards differed in terms of a majority of the analysed chemical properties. Some differences resulted from the type of parent material and typology of the studied soils, others were the result of human activity. Only the chernozem did not show strong acidification. The other soils should be limed. The content of available forms of P, K and Mg might depend on fertilisation, while Corg and Ntot were typical for the analysed soils. Significant differences between the objects showed a random character and mainly concerned sorption properties, while the level of investigated elements resulted from human activity.
•Corg, Ntot, Ptot stocks in O horizon increased with the stand age of afforestation.•Subsoil contributed substantially to the stock of Corg, Ntot, Ptot in the profile.•Ptot stocks in the mineral soil ...decreased with the stand age of afforestation.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of afforestation of post-arable sandy soils (Dystric Arenosols) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the amount and distribution of Corg, Ntot and Ptot stocks between genetic soil horizons. The study was performed at three locations with five classes of afforestation each: 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-year-old stands, which additionally included the arable and the continuous forest soils as reference. The soil was sampled by genetic horizon, including the organic one, down to 100 cm, from its whole thickness, and from A horizon of the afforested soils from: 0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the organic horizon of the afforested soils, the stock of Corg, Ntot and Ptot increased significantly with stand age, and an average rate of accumulation was 33.6, 1.30 and 0.04 g m−2 year−1 respectively. Corg stocks in the former plough layer were found to decrease within the first decade of afforestation, and subsequently, the values gradually increased. With organic horizon included the respective stocks reached the level comparable with the related horizon of the arable soil after approx. 20–30 years. Subsoil B, BC and C horizons together accounted for approx. 35% of the Corg stocks in the entire profile. Ntot stocks in mineral soil horizons initially dropped in the first decade after afforestation, which was subsequently followed by an increase; however, after 50 years, still the observed values were lower in comparison with both the respective arable and continuous forest soils. Ptot stocks in the mineral soil horizon declined over the chronosequence, and in the profile at 50-year-old stands, they were lower in comparison with both the arable and the continuous forest soils. Stand age and sampling by genetic horizons, including the organic horizon, from the entire soil profile should be considered for estimation of changes in Corg, Ntot and Ptot stocks following afforestation of agricultural soils.
The effect of catchment on water quality and eutrophication risk of five shallow lakes (Polesie Region, Eastern Poland) Smal, H. (Lublin Agricultural University (Poland). Inst. of Soil Science and Environment Management), E-mail: halina.smal@ar.lublin.pl; Kornijow, R. (Lublin Agricultural University (Poland). Dept. of Hydrobiology and Ichtyobiology); Ligeza, S. (Lublin Agricultural University (Poland). Inst. of Soil Science and Environment Management)
Polish journal of ecology,
(2005), 20050101, Letnik:
53, Številka:
3
Journal Article
The main aims of this paper are: to estimate the nutrient loads to five shallow lakes, taking into consideration the input from the catchment and the atmosphere, to find the relations between the ...characteristics of the catchments and lake water quality. The lakes studied, according to the intensity of use of their catchments, i.e. a contribution of arable lands, orchards, build-up and recreational areas, may be ordered as follows: L. Rotocze lower L. Kleszczow lower L. Sumin lower L. Syczynskie lower L. Glebokie. This order is quite in agreement with an increasing value of the annual nutrient loads in g per square m of the lake surface and their concentrations in water
Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg, and their reciprocal relations were analysed in the soil solutions from soils on goose farms. The aim of the studies was to state in ...what way gees influence the above-mentioned solution properties. Soil samples were collected from two farms located in southern and eastern Poland. Soil samples from outside the farms, but similar to the soils where geese are held, constituted the control material. Soil was taken from the whole thickness of each genetic horizon. Soil solution was obtained by centrifugation, following 48 hours soil incubation at field capacity moisture. It was stated that goose manure could increase the soil solution pH value but the presence of calcium carbonates in a parent rock make that unclear. EC of the soil solutions from humus horizons on both farms was many times as high as in control samples, which correlated significantly with the concentration of alkaline cations. Also, the concentration of basic cations was higher in the solutions from the soil horizons covered by manure.
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