Abstract Evidence suggests that cesarean section is likely associated with a reduced placental transfusion and poor hematological status in neonates. However, clinical studies have reported somewhat ...inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether cesarean section affects placental transfusion and iron-related hematological indices. Pubmed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Ovid Databases were searched for relevant studies published before April 9, 2013. Mean differences between cesarean section and vaginal delivery in outcomes of interests (placental residual blood volume; hematocrit level, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte count in cord/peripheral blood) were extracted and pooled using a random effects model. We identified 15 studies ( n = 8477) eligible for the meta-analysis. Compared with neonates born vaginally, those born by cesarean section had a higher placental residual blood volume weighted mean difference (WMD), 8.87 ml; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.32 ml–15.43 ml; a lower level of hematocrit (WMD, −2.91%; 95% CI, −4.16% to −1.65%), hemoglobin (WMD, −0.51 g/dL; 95% CI, −0.74 g/dL to −0.27 g/dL) and erythrocyte (WMD, −0.16 × 1012 /L; 95% CI, −0.30 × 1012 /L to −0.01 × 1012 /L). Subgroup analysis showed that the WMD for hematocrit in neonate's peripheral blood (−6.94%; 95% CI, −9.15% to −4.73%) was substantially lower than that in cord blood (−1.75%; 95% CI, −2.82%, −0.68%) ( P value for testing subgroup differences <0.001). In conclusion, cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery is associated with a reduced placental transfusion and poor iron-related hematologic indices in both cord and peripheral blood, indicating that neonates delivered by cesarean section might be more likely affected by iron-deficiency anemia in infancy.
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a promising renal marker that correlates well with the glomerular filtration rate and could allow earlier detection of impaired renal function. The main ...objectives of this study were to assess the long-term variability of SDMA in healthy dogs and examine the influence of an increased body fat percentage on the level of SDMA. Sixteen lean Beagles were randomly assigned to the control group or weight-change group in age- and gender-matched pairs. The energy intake of the control group (n = 8) was strictly regulated to maintain an ideal body weight for 83 weeks, while the weight-change group (n = 8) was fed to induce weight gain (week 0-47), to maintain stable excessive body weight (week 47-56) and to lose weight (week 56-83), consecutively. At 8 specified time points, the body condition score, body composition, glomerular filtration rate, serum concentration of SDMA and creatinine were analyzed. In the control group, the within-subject coefficient of variation, between-subject coefficient of variation, reference change value (type I error = 5%) and index of individuality were 0.16, 0.22, 0.43 and 0.73, respectively. The control group and weight-change group did not differ significantly in SDMA concentration. SDMA showed a significant negative association (coefficient = -0.07) with body fat percentage (p<0.01) in the weight-change group and a significant positive association (coefficient = 7.79) with serum creatinine (p<0.01) in the entire study population. In conclusion, SDMA concentration has high long-term stability in healthy adult dogs. For the evaluation of SDMA concentrations, subject-specific reference values are preferred over a population-based reference value seen their higher sensitivity. Moreover, an increased body fat percentage does seem to affect the serum SDMA concentration of otherwise healthy dogs, but its clinical relevance has to be clarified in further research.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Polyamine uptake transporter (PUT) plays important roles in polyamine homeostasis, but knowledge regarding PUT family genes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) remains elusive.
Herein, our study aimed ...to perform a genome‐wide identification of the PUT gene family in C. sinensis. A total of eight putative PUT genes (CsPUT1–CsPUT8) were identified in the sweet orange genome and distributed on three chromosomes. The CsPUT genes were divided into two major groups according to the phylogenetic tree analysis, with high similarities in protein domains and gene structure organization.
The CsPUT genes were differentially expressed in different tissues, with the highest transcript levels being in the flowers and roots. Interestingly, the CsPUT genes were significantly induced by polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, indicating that CsPUT were possibly associated with intracellular polyamine transport and uptake. In addition, CsPUT showed differential expression in callus treated with ABA, cold, salt or osmotic shock.
CsPUT4 was selected as a candidate for functional analysis of PUT. Overexpression of CsPUT4 elevated endogenous polyamine content and led to enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic callus cultures. Overall, these data provide valuable information for better understanding the potential biological functions of PUT genes in future.
CsPUT4, a polyamine uptake transporter (PUT) gene of sweet orange, is involved in modulation of polyamine homeostasis and cold tolerance.
SUMMARY
We report data—simple descriptions of patient characteristics, cancer categories, and non–risk‐adjusted survival—for patients with pathologically staged cancer of the esophagus and ...esophagogastric junction after resection or ablation with no preoperative therapy from the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration (WECC). Thirty‐three institutions from six continents submitted de‐identified data using standard definitions: demographics, comorbidities, clinical cancer categories, and all‐cause mortality from first management decision. Of 13,300 patients, 5,631 had squamous cell carcinoma, 7,558 adenocarcinoma, 85 adenosquamous carcinoma, and 26 undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients were older (62 years) men (80%) with normal body mass index (51%), little weight loss (1.8 kg), 0–2 ECOG performance status (83%), and a history of smoking (70%). Cancers were pT1 (24%), pT2 (15%), pT3 (50%), pN0 (52%), pM0 (93%), and pG2‐G3 (78%); most involved distal esophagus (71%). Non–risk‐adjusted survival for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was monotonic and distinctive across pTNM. Survival was more distinctive for adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma when pT was ordered by pN. Survival for pTis‐1 adenocarcinoma was better than for squamous cell carcinoma, although monotonic and distinctive for both. WECC pathologic staging data is improved over that of the 7th edition, with more patients studied and patient and cancer variables collected. These data will be the basis for the 8th edition cancer staging manuals following risk adjustment for patient, cancer, and treatment characteristics, and should direct 9th edition data collection. However, the role of pure pathologic staging as the principal point of reference for esophageal cancer staging is waning.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Empirical evidence of the preearthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIAs) is reported by statistically investigating the relationship between variations of the plasma frequency at the ionospheric F2 peak ...foF2 and 184 earthquakes with magnitude M ≥ 5.0 during 1994–1999 in the Taiwan area. The PEIA, defined as the abnormal decrease more than about 25% in the ionospheric foF2 during the afternoon period, 1200–1800 LT, significantly occurs within 5 days before the earthquakes. Moreover, the odds of earthquakes with PEIA increase with the earthquake magnitude but decrease with the distance from the epicenter to the ionosonde station. These results indicate that the PEIA is energy related.
Ba2+ substituted SrTiO3, BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) at low doping range (x ≤ 0.1) is of particular interest for studying the phase transitions induced by a small amount of polar dopants in the paraelectric ...matrix SrTiO3. We have studied the crystal structure, dielectric and pyroelectric properties of BST (x ≤ 0.1) in this paper. It is revealed that a few of polar dopants Ba2+ in quantum paraelectric matrix SrTiO3, not only enhance the phase transitions of SrTiO3 around 18 K and 37 K, which are suppressed by the high quantum fluctuations in pure SrTiO3, but bring about “local ferroelectric symmetry breaking”. However, no structural transition related to the ferroelectric phase in the BST (x ≤ 0.1) at macroscopic scale.
•Multiple peaks are observed in the ε''(T) and I(T) curves of BST(x ≤ 0.10) ceramics.•BST(x ≤ 0.10) ceramics samples in the work are chemically homogeneous.•A few Ba2+ dopants enhance the ferroelectric phase transitions of SrTiO3 itself.•Ba2+ doping causes local ferroelectric symmetry breaking in BST (x ≤ 0.10).•No structural transition occurs in BST(x ≤ 0.10) at macroscopic scale.
The present study was conducted to assess rumen bacteria in lactating cows with different milk protein yield, aiming to understand the role of rumen bacteria in this trait. Cows with high milk ...protein yield (high milk yield and high milk protein content, HH; n = 20) and low milk protein yield (low milk yield and low milk protein content, LL; n = 20) were selected from 374 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows fed a high-grain diet. Measurement of the rumen fermentation products showed that the concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids, propionate, butyrate, and valerate and the proportion of isobutyrate were higher in the HH cows than in the LL cows. Amplicon sequencing analysis of the rumen bacterial community revealed that the richness (Chao 1 index) of rumen microbiota was higher in the LL cows than in the HH cows. Among the 10 predominant bacterial phyla (relative abundance being >0.10%, present in >60% of animals within each group), the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was 1.36-fold higher in the HH cows than in the LL cows. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Succinivibrio was significantly higher and that of Clostridium tended to be higher in the LL cows than in the HH cows. Sharpea was 2.28-fold enriched in the HH cows compared with the LL cows. Different relationships between the relative abundances of rumen microbial taxa and volatile fatty acid concentrations were observed in the HH and the LL animals, respectively. Succinivibrio and Prevotella were positively correlated with acetate, propionate, and valerate in the LL cows, whereas Sharpea was positively correlated with propionate and valerate concentrations in the HH cows. Collectively, our results revealed that rumen bacterial richness and the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa significantly differed between dairy cows with high and low milk protein yields, suggesting the potential roles of rumen microbiota contributing to milk protein yield in dairy cows.
Various yolk-shell structured particles designed for large volume expansion materials for lithium-ion storage have been reported, the cycle stability and coulombic efficiency can be effectively ...improved through such structure design. SnO2 has high theoretical capacity of 1494 mA h g−1 and 1378 mA h g−1 for lithium and sodium storage, respectively. The large volume expansion problem of SnO2 has long been considered as the primary reason for the capacity fading of SnO2 based anode materials. In this paper, the yolk-shell structured SnO2 porous nanowire has been designed, and this unique yolk-shell structure is reported as anode materials for lithium and sodium-ion storage for the first time. The yolk-shell structured porous nanowires deliver significantly improved cycle stability and coulombic efficiency as active material for both lithium and sodium-ion storage compared with that of pure SnO2 porous nanowires. It exhibits a high and stable capacity of 1150 mA h g−1 at current density of 200 mA g−1 for lithium-ion storage, and a capacity of 401 mA h g−1 at current density of 50 mA g−1 after 50 cycles for sodium-ion storage.
•A unique yolk-shell structured SnO2@void@C nanowire has been designed.•This is a unique structure as anode materials for both LIBs and SIBs.•This structure delivers significantly improved electrochemical performance.
WNbMoTa refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) with single BCC phase has high strength, high hardness and excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. However, the limited plasticity greatly ...affects its engineering applications. In this work, WNbMoTaZrx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0) RHEAs were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The microstructure, hardness, compressive properties and fracture behavior were characterized. The results have shown that WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs have a single BCC1 solid solution phase at low Zr content, and a second BCC2 phase appeared in the RHEAs with a higher Zr content. With the increase of Zr content, the microstructure of WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs changed to a typical dendrite structure, and simultaneously increase of strength, hardness and compressive plasticity was observed. The improvement of the mechanical properties was mainly attributed to the solid solution strengthening of Zr elements, the formation of more interdendritic regions, and the refinement of dendrite structures. The deformation mechanisms of the RHEAs with increased compressive plasticity were examined using step-by-step observations and discussed related to the evolution of microstructures. The results have shown that under applied loadings, deformation bands were initiated within the dendrite regions, while the propagation of deformation bands was impeded by interdendritic regions, resulting in significantly increased compressive plasticity. The fracture mode also changed from the intergranular fracture in WNbMoTa RHEA to the transgranular fracture in WNbMoTaZr1.0 RHEA. The present work not only gives more insight into the strengthening and deformation mechanisms of the WNbMoTaZrx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0) RHEAs, but also explores the application potential of WNbMoTa-based RHEAs.
●Effect of Zr on the phase formation of the WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs was examined.●Effect of Zr on the microstructure of the WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs was examined.●Both strength and compressive plasticity were significantly improved.●The deformation mechanisms were examined using step-by-step observations.
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