The development of cost-effective, sustainable, and efficient catalysts for liquid organic hydrogen carrier systems is a significant goal. However, all the reported liquid organic hydrogen carrier ...systems relied on the use of precious metal catalysts. Herein, a liquid organic hydrogen carrier system based on non-noble metal catalysis was established. The Mn-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of methanol and N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine to form N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-methylformamide), and the reverse hydrogenation reaction constitute a hydrogen storage system with a theoretical hydrogen capacity of 5.3 wt%. A rechargeable hydrogen storage could be achieved by a subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting dehydrogenation mixture to regenerate the H
-rich compound. The maximum selectivity for the dehydrogenative amide formation was 97%.
In the Big Data era, targeted advertising develops to a more precise direction, and to improve their marketing accuracy and success rate, many enterprises begin to use it. However, the operation ...model of targeted advertising has changed. Meanwhile, for a green supply chain, products green degree is also an important factor in influencing sale. To study the pricing policies of a green supply considering targeted advertising input and products greening costs in the Big Data environment, a green supply chain with one green manufacturer and one retailer was chosen. Then, the operation model of targeted advertising in the Big Data environment was analyzed, and the demand function was revised. Based on these, four Game situations were proposed based on the Stackelberg game and Nash Equilibrium game theories and the change trends of prices with the green degree and the input level of targeted advertising were analyzed. Results indicated that the optimal retail price and the wholesale price had a negative correlation with the green degree and the input level of targeted advertising. In addition, the green manufacturer or the retailer as the leader will improve their own benefits, this shows that “first-mover advantage” is existing. For green supply chain members, this study offered a theoretical guidance on pricing policies considering targeted advertising and products green degree in the Big Data environment.
Herein, we report a novel cobalt-catalyzed stereodivergent transfer hydrogenation of alkynes to Z- and E-alkenes. Effective selectivity control is achieved based on a rational catalyst design. ...Moreover, this mild system allows for the transfer hydrogenation of alkynes bearing a wide range of functional groups in good yields using catalyst loadings as low as 0.2 mol %. The general applicability of this procedure is highlighted by the synthesis of more than 50 alkenes with good chemo- and stereoselectivity. A preliminary mechanistic study revealed that E-alkene product was generated via sequential alkyne hydrogenation to give Z-alkene intermediate, followed by a Z to E alkene isomerization process.
Infrared photodetectors based on single‐layer CVD‐grown graphene and PbS quantum dots, which are fabricated by solution processing, show ultrahigh responsivities of up to 107 A/W under infrared light ...illumination. The devices fabricated on flexible plastic substrates have excellent bending stability. The photoresponse is attributed to the field‐effect doping in graphene films induced by negative charges generated in the quantum dots.
Graphene is the thinnest two-dimensional (2D) carbon material and has many advantages including high carrier mobilities and conductivity, high optical transparency, excellent mechanical flexibility ...and chemical stability, which make graphene an ideal material for various optoelectronic devices. The major applications of graphene in photovoltaic devices are for transparent electrodes and charge transport layers. Several other 2D materials have also shown advantages in charge transport and light absorption over traditional semiconductor materials used in photovoltaic devices. Great achievements in the applications of 2D materials in photovoltaic devices have been reported, yet numerous challenges still remain. For practical applications, the device performance should be further improved by optimizing the 2D material synthesis, film transfer, surface functionalization and chemical/physical doping processes. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances in the applications of graphene and other 2D materials in various photovoltaic devices, including organic solar cells, Schottky junction solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, other inorganic solar cells, and perovskite solar cells, in terms of the functionalization techniques of the materials, the device design and the device performance. Finally, conclusions and an outlook for the future development of this field will be addressed.
2D materials have been successfully used in various types of solar cells as transparent electrodes, interfacial and active materials.
ABSTRACT
Transcriptional regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is critically involved in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the specific ...transcription factors that control this process remain largely unidentified. In the present study, it was discovered that expression of the key erythroid factor, globin transcription factor 1 (GATA1), is significantly greater in human RA synovial tissues than in osteoarthritis (OA) tissues. IL 6 was found to induce synovial GATA1 expression in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3‐dependent manner. Functionally, knockdown of GATA1 expression using specific small interfering RNA treatment was found to compromise immunoreaction‐elicited expression of proinflammatory cytokines and thus impair invasiveness of the human fibroblast‐like synovial cell line MH7A, whereas introduction of exogenous GATA1 was found to promote production of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to greater aggressiveness of MH7A cells. Mechanistically, GATA1 acts as the transcriptional coactivator of NOS2 (the gene encoding iNOS) transcription. Collectively, these data suggest that synovial GATA1 is an essential contributor to development and exacerbation of RA, presumably by inducing NOS2 transcription.
Interleukin-6 is an inflammatory cytokine with wide-ranging biological effects. It has been widely demonstrated that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of pathological pain. ...Recently, various pathological pain models have shown elevated expression levels of interleukin-6 and its receptor in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Additionally, the administration of interleukin-6 could cause mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and an intrathecal injection of anti-interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody alleviated these pain-related behaviors. These studies indicated a pivotal role of interleukin-6 in pathological pain. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the roles and mechanisms of interleukin-6 in mediating pathological pain associated with bone cancer, peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, complete Freund's adjuvant injection, and carrageenan injection. Understanding and regulating interleukin-6 could be an interesting lead to novel therapeutic strategies for pathological pain.
A single-layer graphene film with high conductance and transparency was realized by effective chemical doping. The conductance of single-layer graphene was increased for more than 400% when it was ...doped with Au nanoparticles and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonic acid). Then semitransparent organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were fabricated with single-layer graphene and indium tin oxide (ITO) as the top and bottom electrodes, respectively. The performance of the devices was optimized by tuning the active layer thickness and doping the single-layer graphene electrodes. The maximum efficiency of 2.7% was observed in the devices with the area of 20 mm2 illuminated from graphene electrode under the AM1.5 solar simulator. It is notable that all of the devices showed higher efficiency from the graphene than ITO side, which was attributed to the better transmittance of the graphene electrodes. In addition, the influence of the active area of the organic solar cell on its photovoltaic performance was studied. We found that, when the active areas increased from 6 to 50 mm2, the power conversion efficiencies decreased from 3% to 2.3% because of the increased series resistances and the decreased edge effect of the devices.
Traditional high-voltage DC (HVDC) current differential protection has problems on identifying fault current and has long delay. In this study, a novel current differential protection principle for ...HVDC transmission lines is proposed. By the adoption of distributed parameter model, differential current criterion is formed at a selected point on the transmission line. When fault occurs on DC line, setting point differential current reaches a high value. When no fault occurs or fault occurs outside the DC line, setting point differential current reaches a small value. Comparing with the traditional current differential protection, the proposed principle eliminates the impact of distributed capacitive current and has no requirement of delay. Comparing with travelling wave protection, fault identification can be performed during both transient and steady states, and the proposed method has reasonable sampling frequency requirements and has high reliability. Simulation analysis shows that the proposed principle identifies faults reliably and rapidly. The proposed principle is theoretically novel and practically applicable.
Although organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) have been investigated for more than two decades, the power conversion efficiencies of OPVs are much lower than those of inorganic or perovskite solar ...cells. One effective approach to improve the efficiency of OPVs is to introduce additives to enhance light harvesting as well as charge transportation in the devices. Here, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are introduced in OPVs as an additive. By adding 0.055 wt % BPQDs relative to the polymer donors in the OPVs, the device efficiencies can be dramatically improved for more than 10 %. The weight percentage is much lower than that of any other additive used in OPVs before, which is mainly due to the two‐dimentional structure as well as the strong broadband light absorption and scattering of the BPQDs. This work paves a way for using two‐dimentional quantum dots in OPVs as a cost‐effective approach to enhance device efficiencies.
Strong light absorption: The power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics have been improved by introducing black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs; 0.055 wt % relative to the donor polymers) due to the boosted light harvesting of the devices. The effect is attributed to the strong light absorption as well as the two‐dimensional structure of the BPQDs. A pronounced size effect of BPQDs on the performance enhancement is observed.
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