This book presents a sharp focus on the clinical presentation of disease, expert in-depth summaries of pathophysiology and treatment, and includes highlights of emerging frontiers of science and ...medicine.
Macrophages are an essential component of the tumor microenvironment and have been ascribed a role in cancer-promoting inflammation.
1,2
Phagocytic cells (a component of innate immunity) mediate ...first-line resistance against pathogens and, when appropriately activated, can mediate extracellular killing and phagocytosis of tumor cells.
1-3
However, tumor progression is associated with subversion of immunity, and signals in the tumor microenvironment originating from cancer cells, stroma, and other immunocompetent cells set tumor-associated macrophages to a tumor-promoting mode (
Imatinib Changed Everything Longo, Dan L
The New England journal of medicine,
03/2017, Letnik:
376, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The initial successes of combination chemotherapy were stunning. Childhood acute leukemia, several forms of lymphoma, and testicular cancer all became largely curable malignant conditions. Adjuvant ...chemotherapy led to dramatically longer survival among persons with breast cancer. The fundamental principle of chemotherapy was to target dividing cells, because it was assumed that more rapid proliferation than “normal” was an underlying common defect in cancer. The effective agents generally attacked DNA or the mitotic spindle. Some tumors, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, were susceptible to hormonal manipulation because of growth regulation of their normal-tissue counterparts.
Gradually data emerged that, except . . .
Large B-cell lymphoma is a spectrum of aggressive B-cell cancers with broad genetic and clinical heterogeneity.
1
First-line chemotherapy cures most patients, but those with relapsed or refractory ...disease usually die of lymphoma. Salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard second-line approach to large B-cell lymphoma and cures up to 30 to 40% of eligible patients, but it is restricted to younger, fit patients and is relatively ineffective in chemotherapy-refractory disease.
2
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies that target CD19 have advanced the treatment of multiply relapsed large B-cell lymphoma and showed promising rates of durable remission . . .
Mantle-Cell Lymphoma Armitage, James O.; Longo, Dan L.
The New England journal of medicine,
06/2022, Letnik:
386, Številka:
26
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Accounting for 5 to 7% of all lymphomas, mantle-cell lymphoma has historically been associated with a poor outcome, but survival is improving. The epidemiology, pathology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, ...and treatment of mantle-cell lymphoma are described.
On April 29, 2010, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new immunotherapy, sipuleucel-T, for the treatment of patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic castration-resistant ...prostate cancer. Traditionally, immune-based therapies have been categorized according to whether the agent has direct antitumor effects (so-called passive immunotherapy) or stimulates a host antitumor response (active immunotherapy) and whether the agent elicits a general increase in immune activation (nonspecific) or an immune response based on tumor recognition (specific). Sipuleucel-T is a form of active specific immunotherapy.
The sipuleucel-T intervention involves harvesting the patient's peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), culturing them with a chimeric protein . . .
A fundamental challenge in the post-genome era is to understand and annotate the consequences of genetic variation, particularly within the context of human tissues. We present a set of integrated ...experiments that investigate the effects of common genetic variability on DNA methylation and mRNA expression in four human brain regions each from 150 individuals (600 samples total). We find an abundance of genetic cis regulation of mRNA expression and show for the first time abundant quantitative trait loci for DNA CpG methylation across the genome. We show peak enrichment for cis expression QTLs to be approximately 68,000 bp away from individual transcription start sites; however, the peak enrichment for cis CpG methylation QTLs is located much closer, only 45 bp from the CpG site in question. We observe that the largest magnitude quantitative trait loci occur across distinct brain tissues. Our analyses reveal that CpG methylation quantitative trait loci are more likely to occur for CpG sites outside of islands. Lastly, we show that while we can observe individual QTLs that appear to affect both the level of a transcript and a physically close CpG methylation site, these are quite rare. We believe these data, which we have made publicly available, will provide a critical step toward understanding the biological effects of genetic variation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This Viewpoint reviews early evidence of improved outcomes among patients with cancer and higher BMIs treated with tumor checkpoint inhibitors, and the scientific challenges of distinguishing the ...mechanism of favorable vs adverse effects of obesity on cancer epidemiology and responses to treatment.
Targeting Oncogenic RAS Protein Longo, Dan L.; Rosen, Neal
The New England journal of medicine,
07/2022, Letnik:
387, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The authors examine the science behind the induction of objective responses in patients with NSCLC who received adagrasib, an inhibitor of a mutant version of KRAS, an oncogene previously thought to ...be “undruggable.”
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