Meta-heuristic algorithms are an essential way to solve realistic optimization problems. Developing effective, accurate, and stable meta-heuristic algorithms has become the goal of optimization ...research. Snake Optimizer (SO) is a novel algorithm with good optimization results. However, due to the limitations of natural laws, the parameters are more fixed values in the exploration and exploitation phase, so the SO algorithm quickly falls into local optimization and slowly converges. This paper proposes an Enhanced Snake Optimizer (ESO) by introducing a novel opposition-based learning strategy and new dynamic update mechanisms (parameter dynamic update strategy, sine–cosine composite perturbation factors, Tent-chaos & Cauchy mutation) to achieve better performance. The effectiveness of ESO has been tested on 23 classic benchmark functions and the CEC 2019 function set. 13 functions of 23 classic benchmark functions have variants that belong to multiple dimensions (Dim = 30, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000). In addition, ESO is also used to solve four real-world engineering design problems. Experimental results and two statistical tests show that the proposed ESO performs better than the other 13 state-of-the-art algorithms, including SO. The MATLAB code of ESO is available from: https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/fileexchange/120173-eso-an-enhanced-snake-optimizer.
Capacitive sensors are very promising to provide label-free and real-time biological detection for point-of-care diagnostic applications. However, the Debye charge screening effect severely hinders ...the detection under high ionic strength condition, such as in human serum. Therefore, most measurements are made indirectly in diluted solutions. To solve this problem, electric field modulation between the interdigitated sensing electrodes is applied in this study to increase the Debye length. For DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) measurements, the two designs operating around 90 and 40 MHz exhibited sensitivities of 2.6 fF/logDNA and 10.8 fF/logDNA up to 100 fM and a response time of 12 minutes.
This paper outlines an approach to biological sensing involving the use of spintronic devices to sense magnetic particles attached to biological carriers. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...assay (ELISA)-based Anomalous Hall Effect magnetic sensor via surface functionalization using Triethoxysilylundecanal (TESUD). The proposed sensor uses a CoFeB/MgO heterostructure with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Through several sets of magnetic layer thickness, this work also explored the optimization process of ferromagnetic layer used. Our spintronics-based biosensor is compatible with semiconductor fabrication technology and can be effectively miniaturized to integrate with semiconductor chips, which has the advantage of reduced manufacturing cost and reduced power consumption. The proposed sensor provides real-time measurement results and it is competitive to conventional biological colorimetric measurement systems in terms of accuracy and immediacy.
Identifying valuable information within the extensive texts documented in natural language presents a significant challenge in various disciplines. Named Entity Recognition (NER), as one of the ...critical technologies in text data processing and mining, has become a current research hotspot. To accurately and objectively review the progress in NER, this paper employs bibliometric methods. It analyzes 1300 documents related to NER obtained from the Web of Science database using CiteSpace software. Firstly, statistical analysis is performed on the literature and journals that were obtained to explore the distribution characteristics of the literature. Secondly, the core authors in the field of NER, the development of the technology in different countries, and the leading institutions are explored by analyzing the number of publications and the cooperation network graph. Finally, explore the research frontiers, development tracks, research hotspots, and other information in this field from a scientific point of view, and further discuss the five research frontiers and seven research hotspots in depth. This paper explores the progress of NER research from both macro and micro perspectives. It aims to assist researchers in quickly grasping relevant information and offers constructive ideas and suggestions to promote the development of NER.
•A bibliometric approach to analyzing hotspots and frontiers in the field of NER.•Explosive document analysis explores mainstream approaches in various periods of NER.•Explore the cooperation and publication among authors, institutions, and countries.•Statistical methods explore the distributional characteristics of literature.
In recent years, with the continuous development of Internet technology and the deepening of economic globalization, cross-border e-commerce has become a new international trade model and an ...important growth point of foreign trade. With the popularity of international trade, domestic consumers have a deeper understanding of foreign products and brands and willingness to purchase, but at this stage, cross-border e-commerce transactions are not as close to domestic online shopping, and a few have business opportunities. PortUnity is the first among overseas consumers and some avant-garde consumers with a sense of consumption. Most people have not yet reached real cross-border e-commerce, so cross-border e-commerce has broad development potential on a global scale. As a high-tech field, cross-border e-commerce has few relevant theories and literature. Therefore, this article aims to explore the influencing factors of consumer purchase intention of cross-border e-commerce based on a wireless network and machine learning and to provide decision support for the management and operation of e-commerce in order to promote the better development of cross-border e-commerce. This article analyzes the influencing factors of consumers' intention in cross-border e-commerce shopping by combining literature research and empirical research. With the support of wireless networks and machine learning, perceptual-based ease of use and perceived usefulness of the original TAM, the individual influencing factors of cross-border e-commerce consumers' purchase intention and e-commerce platform factors are summarized according to the characteristics and technology acceptance model of cross-border e-commerce. In this questionnaire survey, the author fully explored the survey value of each respondent, and all the 100 questionnaires were successfully recovered, with a 100% utilization rate of data. The research results of this article show that in addition to the originally perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, consumers' income level, education level, age, gender, service, safety index and price of cross-border e-commerce platform, and other factors also affect the cross-border consumption frequency of consumers.
The gold standard of antituberculosis susceptibility testing is based on culture method which takes weeks. Rapid detection of resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) to avoid inappropriate ...regimens and to prevent transmission of resistant strains are important. A membrane array (BluePoint MTBDR) was developed to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and the genetic mutations responsible for resistance to RIF and INH. We aimed to evaluate the performance of this array for diagnosing drug‐resistant MTBC. A total of 261 acid‐fast bacilli positive sputum specimens, 1025 positive mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) cultures and 544 clinical isolates were analyzed. Antituberculosis susceptibility testing was the gold standard and was performed on MTBC isolated from positive MGIT cultures and on 544 clinical isolates. The sensitivity and specificity of the array to detect MTBC were 62.2% and 88.1% for sputum specimens, 100% and 97.9% for MGIT cultures. For detection of drug‐resistant MTBC in positive MGIT tubes, the sensitivities of the array were 100% for RIF and 97.1% for INH, while the specificities were 99.7% and 100%, respectively. Interestingly, we noticed four genotypically RIF‐resistant but phenotypically RIF‐susceptible isolates and eight genotypically INH resistant but phenotypically INH‐susceptible isolates. Comparing with conventional culture methods for species identification and drug susceptibility testing, the BluePoint MTBDR assay demonstrated to be a rapid test with high sensitivity and specificity to identify MTBC and to detect isoniazid and rifampin resistance when it is applied to broth culture specimens and clinical isolates.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic autoimmune disease consisting of necrotizing granulomatosis of the respiratory tract, necrotizing vasculitis, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis. ...It is under the category of ANCA-associated vasculitis, which involves small vessels. The nose, sinus, and ear were the most affected sites besides lung and kidney in localized form. They might precede other disease manifestations before progressing to the systemic form. Our patient presented with an intractable headache, followed by acute vision loss. His symptoms deteriorated regardless of antibiotic treatment for paranasal sinusitis. The sequential CT/MRI images showed the inflammatory raid of the orbital apex and cavernous sinus within days. The sinus biopsy and elevated PR3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody led us to the diagnosis of GPA. Fortunately, the patient’s vision improved gradually after steroid and immunosuppressant treatment.
Large-area Co(OH)2-based supercapacitor electrodes composed of nanotube arrays grown on a 3D nickel-foam (CONTA) electrode and sucker-like nanoporous films grown on a 3D nickel-foam (COSNP) ...electrode were prepared with a facile electrochemical method for applications in energy storage. These nanoporous Co(OH)2 electrodes were fabricated with the codeposition of Cu/Ni film on the nickel foam, then etching of Cu from the Cu/Ni layer to form Ni nanotube arrays and sucker-like Ni nanoporous layers, and further cathodic deposition of Co(OH)2 on the prepared nanoporous Ni substrates. The CONTA and COSNP electrodes exhibited specific capacitances of 2500 and 2900 F/g in a voltage range of 0.65 V (capacitance of the substrates deducted from the total) at 1 A/g in a three electrode cell, respectively. The COSNP electrode demonstrated an excellent supercapacitive performance with specific capacitances 1100 F/g at 1 A/g and 850 F/g at 20 A/g in a voltage range of 1.2 V in a two electrode cell. The remarkable performance of COSNP electrodes correlated with a large conversion of the Co oxidation state during the charge/discharge cycling were examined by in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES).
The high-performance atomic layer deposited (ALD) ultrathin (~2 nm) amorphous InZnO (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{a} </tex-math></inline-formula>-IZO, indium: Zinc ≈ 6:4) channel ...thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a short channel length (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{L}_{\mathbf {\textit {ch}}} </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 50 nm were presented. Furthermore, the gate stability was evaluated using temperature-dependent positive-bias stress (PBS) tests for the IZO TFTs up to 3.5 MV/cm. The short channel TFTs exhibited excellent electrical characteristics, with high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{I}_{\mathbf {\textit {on}}} </tex-math></inline-formula> exceeding <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">360~\mu \text{A} / \mu \text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula> (@<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{V}_{\mathbf {G}} </tex-math></inline-formula> = 2V), and an optimized threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{V}_{\mathbf {\textit {th}}} </tex-math></inline-formula>) of ~ 0.11 V. In particular, the ultra-low drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) performance of 16 mV/V was presented and matched with technology computer aided design (TCAD) estimation. The activation energy of device degradation was extracted to better understand the mechanism. The extracted high field effect channel mobility (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu _{\mathbf {\textit {FE}}} </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 43.6 cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{\mathbf {{2}}} </tex-math></inline-formula>/V-s in conjunction with the low <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{V}_{\mathbf {\textit {th}}} </tex-math></inline-formula> shifts of 12.4 mV (@ 3.5 MV/cm; <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{V}_{\mathbf {\textit {th}}} </tex-math></inline-formula> +2V) for 5000s PBS test at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">25^{\mathbf {o}} </tex-math></inline-formula> C exhibited the excellent performances combining channel mobility and gate stability reported for oxide semiconductor TFT.
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