A precise measurement of the curvature of the Universe is of prime importance for cosmology since it could not only confirm the paradigm of primordial inflation but also help in discriminating ...between different early-Universe scenarios. Recent observations, while broadly consistent with a spatially flat standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model, show tensions that still allow (and, in some cases, even suggest) a few percent deviations from a flat universe. In particular, the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra, assuming the nominal likelihood, prefer a closed universe at more than 99% confidence level. While new physics could be at play, this anomaly may be the result of an unresolved systematic error or just a statistical fluctuation. However, since positive curvature allows a larger age of the Universe, an accurate determination of the age of the oldest objects provides a smoking gun in confirming or falsifying the current flat ΛCDM model.
Cosmology intertwined III: f σ 8 and S 8 Di Valentino, Eleonora; Anchordoqui, Luis A.; Akarsu, Özgür ...
Astroparticle physics,
09/2021, Letnik:
131
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The standard λ Cold Dark Matter cosmological model provides a wonderful fit to current cosmological data, but a few statistically significant tensions and anomalies were found in the latest data ...analyses. While these anomalies could be due to the presence of systematic errors in the experiments, they could also indicate the need for new physics beyond the standard model. In this Letter of Interest we focus on the tension between Planck data and weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, in the value of the matter energy density $\Omega_m$ and the amplitude $\sigma_8$ (or the growth rate $f\sigma_8$) of cosmic structure. We list a few promising models for solving this tension, and discuss the importance of trying to fit multiple cosmological datasets with complete physical models, instead of fitting individual datasets with a few handpicked theoretical parameters.
Noting that the role of culture in the development of child attachment provides a provocative arena for debate among a wide array of scholars, this book details two studies of cultural differences in ...the meanings given to attachment behavior by middle- and working-class Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers. The book reviews the cultural adaptationism and symbolic approaches to studying culture and posits that a symbolic approach may facilitate understanding of the cultural shaping of attachment. The first of the studies described in the book examined perceptions of adult socialization goals, child behavior, and desirable and undesirable attachment behavior among Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers. The second study investigated the impact of cultural values on others' evaluations of attachment behavior as seen in vignettes of Strange Situation Behavior. Participating in each study were separate samples of 80 middle- and working-class Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers of toddlers. The findings provided evidence that culture and socioeconomic status (SES) contributed independently to group differences in long-term socialization goals, perceptions of child behavior, and the evaluation of attachment behavior. Cultural membership provided a broader basis for group differences than did SES or demographic characteristics. The importance of individualism emerged in Anglo mothers' responses, especially with regard to balancing individual autonomy and overly enmeshed relatedness. Puerto Rican mothers were concerned that their children engage in appropriate relatedness, especially with regard to being "educado," or well brought up. Findings suggest that cultural meaning systems provide conceptual frameworks that are likely to be used to interpret emotional cues and experiences. The book's appendix contains the vignettes of Strange Situation behavior. Contains approximately 225 references. (KB)
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