The human hair: from anatomy to physiology Buffoli, Barbara; Rinaldi, Fabio; Labanca, Mauro ...
International journal of dermatology,
March 2014, Letnik:
53, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Background
Hair is a unique character of mammals and has several functions, from protection of the skin to sexual and social communication. In literature, there are various studies about hair that ...take into consideration different aspects within many fields of science, including biology, dermatology, cosmetics, forensic sciences, and medicine.
Methods
We carried out a search of studies published in PubMed up to 2013.
Results
In this review, we summarized the principal anatomical and physiological aspects of the different types of human hair, and we considered the clinical significance of the different structures and the distribution of the hair in the human body.
Conclusion
This review could be the basis for improvement and progression in the field of hair research.
Orofacial pain represents one of the most common health problems that negatively affects the activities of daily living. However, the mechanisms underlying these conditions are still unclear, and ...their comprehensive management is often lacking. Moreover, even if pain is a common symptom in dentistry, differential diagnostic procedures are needed to exclude other pain origins. Misinterpretation of the pain origin, in fact, can lead to misdiagnosis and to subsequent mismanagement. Pain in the orofacial area is the most common reason for patients to visit the dentist, but this area is complex, and the pain could be associated with the hard and soft tissues of the head, face, oral cavity, or to a dysfunction of the nervous system. Considering that the origins of orofacial pain can be many and varied, a thorough assessment of the situation is necessary to enable the most appropriate diagnostic pathway to be followed to achieve optimal clinical and therapeutic management.
The large family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are integral membrane proteins that function as environmental sensors and act as ion channels after activation by mechanical (touch), ...physical (heat, pain), and chemical stimuli (pungent compounds such as capsaicin). Most TRP channels are localized in the plasma membrane of cells but some of them are localized in membranes of organelles and function as intracellular Ca2+-ion channels. TRP channels are involved in neurological disorders but their precise role(s) and relevance in these disorders are not clear. Endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) express TRP channels such as TRP vanilloid 1–4 and are involved in thermal detection by regulating BBB permeability. In neurological disorders, TRP channels in the BBB are responsible for edema formation in the brain. Therefore, drug design to modulate locally activity of TRP channels in the BBB is a hot topic. Today, the application of TRP channel antagonists against neurological disorders is still limited.
Piezoelectric surgery: Twenty years of use Labanca, Mauro; Azzola, Flavio; Vinci, Raffaele ...
British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery,
06/2008, Letnik:
46, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract The use of ultrasonic vibrations for the cutting of bone was first introduced two decades ago. Piezoelectric surgery is a minimally invasive technique that lessens the risk of damage to ...surrounding soft tissues and important structures such as nerves, vessels, and mucosa. It also reduces damage to osteocytes and permits good survival of bony cells during harvesting of bone. Piezoelectric surgery was first used by oral and maxillofacial surgeons for osteotomies, but recently some specific applications in neurosurgery and orthopaedics have been proposed. We review the different applications of piezoelectric surgery.
Surgical techniques in dental and maxillofacial surgery request fast bone tissue regeneration, so there is a significant need to improve therapy for bone regeneration. Several studies have recently ...underlined the importance of nucleotides and nucleosides to increase cell proliferation and activity; in particular, the ability of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) to induce growth and activity of human osteoblasts was demonstrated. Sodium-DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from the gonadic tissue of male sturgeon and then purified, depolymerized, and neutralized with sodium hydroxide. To date, there are no evidences about the use of Sodium-DNA for bone tissue regeneration. Consequently, our question is about the efficacy of Sodium-DNA in bone healing. For testing the role of Sodium-DNA in bone healing we used a rat calvarial defect model. Sodium-DNA at different concentrations used alone or in association with Fibrin and/or Bio-Oss was used for healing treatments and the bone healing process was evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results suggested a positive effect of Sodium-DNA in bone regeneration, providing a useful protocol and a model for the future clinical evaluation of its osteogenic properties.
The cranial portion of the vertebral segment together with the atlanto-occipital joint represents a very complex area. Since this system could be influenced by different atlas and mandibular ...position, the aim of this work was to assess atlanto-axial and mandibular rotation. Scanora 3-dimensional cone bean computed tomography images from 205 patients without signs or symptoms of temporomandibular disorder were evaluated. Using a digitalized images analyzer, the axial rotations of atlas and mandible rotation were calculated, measuring the angle with respect to the frontal plane. The same direction for the axial rotation of the mandible and for the atlanto-axial rotation (consistent group) was observed in 80.98% of the patients; opposite directions (inconsistent group) were observed in 19.02%. Among the consistent group, the left rotation was observed in 71.08% of the patients and the right rotation in 28.92%. Absolute values showed a more marked rotation for atlas than mandible and higher values for the left rotation were reported for both.Taking together these data represents important starting points for the knowledge of atlas and mandible relationship and its functional and clinical implication.
Today, significant differences in the use of biomaterials (membranes and grafts) of animal or synthetic origin have yet to be reported. Nevertheless, some evidences suggest that synthetic materials ...have a lower risk of disease transmission. This review aims to assess the available informations on regenerative bone technique using reasorbable membranes and bone grafts. In particular, biocompatibility, immunological response, tissue reaction, reabsorption time and histological features of materials daily use in dentistry and in maxillofacial surgery were emphasized.
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