One especially important feature of metrical music is that it contains periodicities that listeners’ bodily rhythms can adapt to. Recent psychological frameworks have introduced the notion of ...rhythmic entrainment, among other mechanisms, as an emotion induction principle. In this review paper, we discuss rhythmic entrainment as an affect induction mechanism by differentiating four levels of entrainment in humans—perceptual, autonomic physiological, motor, and social—all of which could contribute to a subjective feeling component. We review the theoretical and empirical literature on rhythmic entrainment to music that supports the existence of these different levels of entrainment by describing the phenomena and characterizing the associated underlying brain processes. The goal of this review is to present the theoretical implications and empirical findings about rhythmic entrainment as an important principle at the basis of affect induction via music, since it rests upon the temporal dimension of music, which is a specificity of music as an affective stimulus.
•Rhythmic entrainment represents an affect induction mechanism.•Rhythmic entrainment occurs on the perceptual, autonomic, motor, and social level.•The basal ganglia play a key role in the link of rhythmic entrainment and affect.•Rhythmic entrainment supposedly induces positive valence and social dispositions.
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is a vector of several arboviruses including dengue and chikungunya. This highly invasive species originating from Southeast Asia has travelled the ...world in the last 30 years and is now established in Europe, North and South America, Africa, the Middle East and the Caribbean. In the absence of vaccine or antiviral drugs, efficient mosquito control strategies are crucial. Conventional control methods have so far failed to control Ae. albopictus adequately.
Germline transformation of Aedes albopictus was achieved by micro-injection of embryos with a piggyBac-based transgene carrying a 3xP3-ECFP marker and an attP site, combined with piggyBac transposase mRNA and piggyBac helper plasmid. Five independent transgenic lines were established, corresponding to an estimated transformation efficiency of 2-3%. Three lines were re-injected with a second-phase plasmid carrying an attB site and a 3xP3-DsRed2 marker, combined with PhiC31 integrase mRNA. Successful site-specific integration was observed in all three lines with an estimated transformation efficiency of 2-6%.
Both piggybac- and site-specific PhiC31-mediated germline transformation of Aedes albopictus were successfully achieved. This is the first report of Ae. albopictus germline transformation and engineering, a key step towards studying and controlling this species using novel molecular techniques and genetic control strategies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, is a vector of several arboviruses including dengue and chikungunya, and is also a significant nuisance mosquito. It is one of the most invasive of ...mosquitoes with a relentlessly increasing geographic distribution. Conventional control methods have so far failed to control Ae. albopictus adequately. Novel genetics-based strategies offer a promising alternative or aid towards efficient control of this mosquito.
We describe here the isolation, characterisation and use of the Ae. albopictus Actin-4 gene to drive a dominant lethal gene in the indirect flight muscles of Ae. albopictus, thus inducing a conditional female-specific late-acting flightless phenotype. We also show that in this context, the Actin-4 regulatory regions from both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti can be used to provide conditional female-specific flightlessness in either species.
With the disease-transmitting females incapacitated, the female flightless phenotype encompasses a genetic sexing mechanism and would be suitable for controlling Ae. albopictus using a male-only release approach as part of an integrated pest management strategy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nivolumab was the first immuno-oncology agent available for the treatment of lung cancer in Canada. In the present study, we evaluated the real-world benefit of nivolumab in Canadian patients with ...lung cancer.
Patients included in the cohort were identified from a registry of patients treated through expanded access to nivolumab before and after Health Canada approval. Demographics were collected from the application forms. Outcome data for the duration of treatment and survival were collected retrospectively.
In contrast to the randomized clinical trial populations, our study cohort included patients who were older (median age: 66 years; range: 36-92 years) and who had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 (8.9%). Despite the poorer-prognosis cohort, median overall survival was 12.0 months, which is comparable to the survival demonstrated in the randomized phase iii trials of nivolumab in lung cancer. Median time to treatment discontinuation was 3.45 months and was similar for all patient subgroups, including poorer-prognosis groups such as those with a performance status of 2, those 75 years of age and older, and those with brain metastases.
Nivolumab given in a real-world clinical setting was associated with results similar to those reported in the phase iii clinical trial setting.
We report on the effect of annealing treatment on the structural and optical properties of Er-doped Al2O3 thin films elaborated by atomic layer deposition. The properties of the films were studied ...using ellipsometry and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, cathodoluminescence (CL) versus annealing temperature varied in the 650-1100 °C range. Spatial location and diffusion of chemical species were investigated at the atomic scale by atom probe tomography (APT). The CL measurements evidence Er3+ light emission over the visible-infrared spectral range. The CL spectra evolution showed non-monotonic variation with annealing temperature and a CL quenching occurring at 1000 °C. The CL signal evolution as a function of the annealing treatment is discussed regarding to the evolution of structural properties.
•ALD allows high and homogeneous Er incorporation in Al2O3.•Characterizations were performed using Ellipsometry, FTIR, CL and APT.•Annealing temperature enables the control of amorphous or crystalline Al2O3.•High Er3+ cathodoluminescence is observed in amorphous or crystalline Al2O3.•The correlation between luminescence and structure is discussed.
We and others have shown that HIV-1 highly-exposed seronegative (HESN) female commercial sex workers (CSWs) maintain low genital inflammatory conditions to prevent HIV infection. HIV-1 interacts with ...toll-like receptors (TLR)-7/8 to induce interferon (IFN)-α, an important antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokine, which act together with interleukin (IL)-10, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-4 to initiate a "tolerogenic/regulatory" anti-inflammatory loop. In view of further unravelling elements associated with natural immunity to HIV-1, we have characterised TLR-7, IFN-α, IL-10, HLA-G and ILT-4 expression profiles in the genital tract of female CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs from Benin. Endocervical myeloid HLA-DR
cells from HESN CSWs expressed higher levels of IFN-α, TLR-7, IL-10 and HLA-G than those from both HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs. Further characterization of the endocervical myeloid HLA-DR
cells in HESN CSWs revealed a population of "tolerogenic" CD103
CD14
CD11c
myeloid cells expressing high levels of IFN-α and IL-10. Concomitantly, HESN CSWs had higher frequencies of endocervical regulatory CD4
T-cells when compared to those from the two other groups of women. These novel findings provide strong evidence to support the implication of tolerogenic myeloid cells expressing high levels of antiviral molecules in shaping the genital mucosal immune response to prevent HIV infection.
Clostridium difficile generally causes diarrhoea and colitis. Small-bowel infections are considered to be rare. Twelve cases of ileal C. difficile infections are presented, including the first ...reported case proven to be caused by the hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 strain. This case series suggests that small bowel involvement in C. difficile infections may be more frequent than previously thought.
Kesterite solar cells based on chalcogenide Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) are a viable approach to thin film photovoltaics, utilising Earth-abundant, non-toxic elements. CZTSSe films produced from ...nanoparticle inks offer a cost-effective solution-based method of fabrication. However, improving efficiency in these devices has proved challenging, in part due to the presence of detrimental complex defects within the bulk of the CZTSSe absorber. In this study, the behaviour of nanoparticle-based CZTSSe absorbers and solar cells made from relatively low and high quality grade chemicals is investigated with a view to improving cost-effectiveness of the ink-based fabrication process. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed the presence of similar shallow acceptor plus shallow donor states in both low and high purity precursor absorbers. We demonstrate a relationship between the average depth of energy band-edge potential fluctuations and absorber quality where the higher grade chemical precursor-based absorber outperforms the lower purity version. In addition, the low purity precursor absorber had a higher total defect density resulting in a 10 meV increase in the average electrostatic potential fluctuations. Deep level transient spectroscopy in solar devices indicated the presence of detrimental deep defect states in both types of absorber. Notwithstanding the high purity precursor absorber with lower defect density, the power conversion efficiencies of both types of CZTSSe solar cells were similar ( 5%), implying an issue other than defects in the absorber bulk inhibits device performance as evidenced by quantum efficiency analysis and current-voltage measurements.
Luminescence and structural properties of Pr3+ doped HfSiOx thin layer elaborated by magnetron sputtering have been investigated as a function of the annealing temperature. The emission properties of ...Pr3+ ions were studied using photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopies. Phase separation between amorphous SiO2 and crystallized HfO2 nano-grains occurring in the HfSiOx matrix has been investigated by atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy with particular consideration for the Pr distribution. Both PL and CL measurements evidenced a strong emission originating from Pr3+ ions in the visible range for an annealing temperature higher than 950°C. At 950°C, Pr3+ ions are clearly located in HfO2 nano-grains of cubic structure. Regarding PL, no significant changes are observed between 950°C and 1050°C. However, CL measurements revealed new emission peaks in the infrared range after an annealing at 1050°C, corresponding to the appearance of a new orthorhombic crystalline structure of HfO2 nano-grains in the thin layer. The CL signal evolution as a function of the annealing treatment is discussed in regard to the evolution of structural properties.
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•Pr3+ doped HfSiOx, annealed at 950°C, exhibited strong cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence properties in visible range.•Near infrared cathodoluminescence signal of Pr3+ is observed at 1050°C.•HfSiOx matrix dissociates into mixed amorphous SiO2 and crystalline HfO2 phases.•The correlation between cathodoluminescence and the crystalline structure of Pr3+ doped HfSiOx is discussed.
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