As some US politicians attempt to clamp down on immigrants' rights and tighten the country's borders, Latinos are even more driven toward US naturalization, given the voting rights they'd gain to ...defend their interests. While Mexico historically has used harsh restrictions on non-nationals to discourage the switch, anti-immigrant crusaders in the race for the US presidency and increasing violence and violence and discrimination greeting immigrants in the US apparently have become too much. Mexico is realizing it should encourage its people to stand up for themselves - even if it means allowing its citizens to have dual nationality. When the Mexican Congress reconvenes, Mexican legislators are expected to be presented with a proposal to reform the Constitution, making Mexican nationality irrevocable.
In Senegal in 2015, an estimated 4800 children were living with HIV, with 1200 receiving ARV treatment, of whom half had follow-up care in decentralized sites outside Dakar. However, until now no ...studies have determined the efficacy of pediatric treatment in decentralized settings, even though the emergence of viral resistance, particularly among children in Africa, is a well-known phenomenon. This study aimed to assess the virological status of HIV-infected children in all decentralized facilities to help improve access to quality care.
A cross-sectional epidemiological and virological study was conducted in all of Senegal's regions, except Dakar, between March and June 2015 and sought to include all HIV-infected children and adolescents (0-19 years), treated or not with ARVs. Socio-demographic and clinical data and a blood sample on blotting paper were collected for children from treatment sites. Samples were routed on public transportation, assisted by a network of community health workers. A viral load (VL) assay was performed for each child, followed by genotyping when it exceeded 1000 copies/mL (3 log
).
Of the 851 identified children, 666 (78%) were enrolled in the study. Half of the children were girls, and the average age was 8 years (6 months-19 years). Most of the children (96.7%) were infected with HIV-1, and 90% were treated with ART, primarily with AZT + 3TC + NVP/EFV therapeutic regimen. The median duration of time on ART was 21 months (1-129). VL was measured for 2% of children before this study. Almost two-thirds (64%) of the children are experiencing virological failure. Among them, there was resistance to at least one drug for 86.5% of cases. Also, 25% children presented resistance to one drug and 40% to two out of three. For nearly one-third of the children presenting resistance, none of the three drugs of the treatment was active. Factors associated with virological failure were male sex, follow-up by a generalist rather than a specialist, and treatment interruptions.
We observed a high level of virological failure and a high percentage of viral resistance among children receiving health care in decentralized facilities in Senegal.
•First clinical trial evaluating inhaled DMT's effects in a controlled setting.•No serious adverse event were observed, indicating potential safety.•Profound, yet manageable, subjective psychological ...effects reported by participants.•Inhaled DMT offers a rapid, non-invasive, and cost-efficient tool for psychiatry.
Psychedelics are being increasingly examined for their therapeutic potential in mood disorders. While the acute effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) last over several hours, inhaled N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) effects last around 10 min, which might provide a cost- and time-effective alternative to the clinical application of oral psychedelics. We aimed at investigating the safety and tolerability of inhaled DMT (BMND01 candidate). We recruited 27 healthy volunteers to receive a first, lower dose and a second, higher dose (5/20 mg, 7.5/30 mg, 10/40 mg, 12.5/50 mg, or 15/60 mg) of inhaled DMT in an open-label, single-ascending, fixed-order, dose-response study design. We investigated subjective experiences (intensity, valence, and phenomenology), physiological effects (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, body temperature), biochemical markers (liver, kidney, and metabolic functions), and adverse events during the acute and post-acute effects of DMT. DMT dose-dependently increased intensity, valence and perceptual ratings. There was a mild, transient, and self-limited increase in blood pressure and heart rate. There were no changes in safety blood biomarkers and no serious adverse events. DMT dose-dependently enhanced subjective experiences and positive valence. Inhaled DMT might be an efficient, non-invasive, safe route of administration, which might simplify the clinical use of this substance. This is the first clinical trial to test the effects of inhaled DMT (BMND01 candidate).
Harvesting of autografts results in donor site morbidities and is limited in scenarios such as large total body surface area burns. In these instances, coverage is increased by meshing grafts at the ...expense of delayed biologic closure. Moreover, graft meshing increases the likelihood of contraction and hypertrophic scarring, limits range of motion, and worsens cosmesis. Many tissue engineering technologies have touted the promise of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) for burn wounds. The primary objective of the current study was to determine feasibility and efficacy of in situ ASC delivery via PEGylated fibrin (FPEG) hydrogels as adjuncts to meshed split thickness skin grafts in a porcine model. Deep partial thickness burns were created on the dorsum of anesthetized Yorkshire pigs, and subsequently debrided on post‐burn day 4. After debridement, wounds were treated with: split thickness skin grafts (STSG); meshed STSG (mSTSG); and mSTSG + FPEG with increasing doses of ASCs. We show that FPEG hydrogels can be delivered in situ to prevent the contraction seen after meshing of STSG. Moreover, ASCs delivered in FPEG dose‐dependently increase blood vessel size which significantly correlates with CD31 protein levels. The current study reports a dual‐action adjunct therapy to autografting administered in situ, wherein FPEG acts as both scaffolding to prevent contraction, and as a delivery vehicle for ASCs to accelerate angiogenesis. This strategy may be used to incorporate other biologics for generating tissue engineered products aimed at improving wound healing and minimizing donor sites or scarring. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:360–372
Tissue engineering strategies have aimed to circumvent/reduce the need for grafting from donor sites to cover excised burn wounds. Often, grafts are meshed to increase coverage at the expense of increased contraction. Results of this study show that meshed grafts can be supplemented with adipose stem cells delivered in polyethylene glycol‐fibrin hydrogels. This adjunct therapy accelerates angiogenesis and reduces contraction of burn wounds. (Scale bars are 500, 20, 100, and 500 µm).
The study purpose was to examine the effect of interprofessional naloxone training on students' knowledge, confidence, and interprofessional collaboration competency. The overarching goal was to ...decrease mortality related to opioid overdoses.
A training session for interprofessional students consisted of a lecture presentation, demonstration, and hands-on practice regarding appropriate administration of naloxone for suspected opioid overdose. A questionnaire elicited baseline and change in knowledge, confidence, and interprofessional collaboration competency scores at pretraining and posttraining. In addition, changes in knowledge and confidence were also measured 3 weeks after the training. Thematic analysis explored training components that students perceived as valuable or needing improvement.
Participants (N = 100) were nursing (n = 33), physician assistant (n = 37), and pharmacy (n = 30) students. Pretraining and posttraining comparison demonstrated increased knowledge (P < .001), confidence (P < .001), and collaboration scores (P < .001). At 3 weeks, knowledge and confidence remained higher than pretraining (P < .001). Knowledge was trending downward compared with posttraining (P = .09). Thematic analysis identified 4 themes: (a) indications for administration of different naloxone types, (b) learning modalities, (c) knowledge application, and (d) improvements.
An interprofessional naloxone administration training resulted in increased knowledge, confidence, and interprofessional teamwork. Educators can adapt this training for a variety of future or current healthcare professionals to improve immediate intervention and outcomes in suspected opioid overdoses.
Abstract Objective To compare full transcriptome expression levels of matched tumor and normal samples from patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma stratified by known tumor etiologic factors. Patients ...and Methods Full transcriptome sequencing was analyzed for 10 matched tumor and normal tissue samples from patients with previously untreated oropharyngeal carcinoma. Transcriptomes were analyzed using massively parallel messenger RNA sequencing and validated using the NanoString nCounter system. Global gene expression levels were compared in samples grouped by smoking status and human papillomavirus status. This study was completed between June 10, 2010, and June 30, 2011. Results Global gene expression analysis indicated tumor tissue from former smokers grouped more closely to the never smokers than the current smokers. Pathway analysis revealed alterations in the expression of genes involved in the p53 DNA damage-repair pathway, including CHEK2 and ATR , which display patterns of increased expression that is associated with human papillomavirus–negative current smokers rather than former or never smokers. Conclusion These findings support the application of messenger RNA sequencing technology as an important clinical tool for more accurately stratifying patients based on individual tumor biology with the goal of improving our understanding of tumor prognosis and treatment response, ultimately leading to individualized patient care strategies.
C’est sur le versant de l’imaginaire et de la représentation des nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication dans la société contemporaine que se situe cet ouvrage qui réunit ...spécialistes en Sciences de l’information et de la communication, philosophes, professionnels en charge de structures innovantes qui font référence en matière de création numérique, porteuse par excellence de cet imaginaire nourri des NTIC, que nous continuons à désigner comme telles, pour souligner, que l’immense saisissement, dans lequel leurs possibilités sans cesse renouvelées nous plongent, perdure. Précisément, nos représentations ne sont elles pas en retard par rapport aux bouleversements opérés par les NTIC dans nos vies ? Espaces privés, professionnels, publics, sont affectés et ici observés. L’avènement des NTIC s’est accompagné de la richesse d’une transversalité accrue dans tous les domaines, transversalité dont cet ouvrage témoigne tout en l’interrogeant. On retrouve dans l’analyse des différents auteurs le constat essentiel que ce sont les usages des NTIC dont il faut envisager les responsabilités dans nos modes de vie et non la fatalité de leur incidence. Elles accompagnent nos représentations, les amplifient. « Miroir, amplificateur, accélérateur », autant de termes qui désignent les effets des nouvelles technologies mais nous renvoient à nos responsabilités de citoyen, d’homme avant celles d’internaute. Le rêve numérique renvoie à la société que nous voulons vraiment imaginer, construire. On perçoit l’actualité et la nécessité de cette réflexion approfondie sur l’imaginaire et la représentation des NTIC dans une société où l’innovation technologique est avancée en permanence comme une réponse aux problèmes de société sur lesquels bute l’action politique.
Background
Chromosome rearrangements that result in gene fusions have important roles in the initial steps of tumorigenesis, especially in leukemias and lymphomas, but the biological and clinical ...impact of gene fusions in common solid tumors are less understood. The purpose of this study was to discover novel translocations that could result in gene fusions in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs).
Methods
Translocations were identified using 2 different bioinformatics pipelines, SnowShoes‐FTD and FusionHunter, examining data from 11 paired‐end RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) data in OPSCC. Translocations were validated by RT‐PCR and Sanger sequencing analysis.
Results
Two novel cancer‐specific translocations involving MGST3‐ZMAT5 and MS4A7‐C2CD3 were found in 2 of the tumor samples tested. However, these translocations were found only in the single tumor.
Conclusions
We hope that this integrative methodology will elucidate key aspects of tumor biology as well as generate novel targets for cancer diagnoses and therapies. Head Neck, 2012
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