This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a ...multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
•Fewer 85-year-olds reported any passive/active suicidal ideation in 2008 and 2015 than in 1986, the decrease was driven by reductions in passive ideation.•Rates of any passive/active suicidal ...ideation remained stable from 2008 to 2015.•Social factors associated with any passive/active suicidal ideation in 85-year-olds differed in women and men. For women, feeling lonely was associated with any passive/active suicidal ideation, for men having no partner was associated with such ideation.
Older adults have high suicide rates. We investigated potential time trends in the prevalence of passive and active suicidal ideation in 85-year-olds. Further, we examined factors associated with such ideation in this age group.
Population-based samples of 85-year-olds were interviewed in 1986 (N = 347), 2008 (N = 426) and 2015 (N = 320). Past-month passive/active suicidal ideation was evaluated with the Paykel questions.
Reporting any type of passive or active suicidal ideation was less common in 2008 (7.3%, p < 0.001) and 2015 (7.2%, p < 0.001) compared to 1986 (16.4%). The change was driven by decreases in passive ideation. Passive/active suicidal ideation was associated with higher MADRS score (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.2, p < 0.001), institution residence (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.7–8.9, p = 0.001) and feelings of loneliness (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.2, p = 0.003). When stratified by sex, it was associated with institution residence (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4–9.9, p = 0.008) and feelings of loneliness (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4–6.3, p = 0.005) in women. In men, we observed a tenfold higher risk in those without partners (OR: 9.8, 95% CI: 2.9–33.5, p < 0.001).
While differential three-year mortality was not observed in 1986, mortality was higher among non-participants in 2008 and 2015. This might have inflated cohort differences in passive/active suicidal ideation.
An initial decrease in the prevalence of passive/active suicidal ideation in 85-year-olds was observed but this positive trend did not persist. Results underline that preventive strategies targeting loneliness and focusing on institutional settings are needed, as are interventions for men without partners.
Vad vill vi med historielärarutbildningen? Bagerius, Henric; Hallberg, Erik; Lundqvist, Pia ...
Historisk tidskrift (Stockholm),
2022, Letnik:
142, Številka:
4
Magazine Article
Recenzirano
En central del av verksamheten vid nästan alla institutioner som bedriver undervisning och forskning i historia är att utbilda historielärare. Historiker av facket diskuterar emellertid sällan frågor ...om lärarutbildningens innehåll och uppläggning, utöver de som knyter an till specifika historievetenskapliga sakområden. Vad behöver framtida historielärare kunna, och hur skiljer det sig eventuellt från vad framtida historiker bör kunna? Hur förhåller sig ämnesstudier till ämnesdidaktik och utbildningsvetenskap? Svaren på den typen av frågor har stor betydelse inte bara för lärarutbildningen utan för universitetsämnet historia och dess utövare i stort. Hur ska vi som historiker förhålla oss till det?
Som en utgångspunkt för en sådan diskussion har en grupp historiker verksamma inom lärarutbildningen vid Göteborgs och Örebro universitet genomfört en inventering av historiedidaktiken i ämneslärarutbildningen vid tio av totalt sjutton svenska lärosäten där sådan utbildning med inriktning mot historia inom gymnasieskolan bedrivs idag. Med hjälp av publikt tillgänglig information och en enkät via epost till de ansvariga för utbildningarna har gruppen kartlagt historiedidaktiska kursmål och kurslitteratur, examensarbetenas inriktning och vem som undervisar i historiedidaktik. Medan det finns vissa gemensamma drag i hur målen för utbildningarna formuleras, visar genomgången på betydande variationer mellan lärosätena avseende kurslitteratur, examensarbeten och bemanning. Mot den bakgrunden diskuteras i denna idé- och debattartikel vad likheter och skillnader kan bero på samt om, och i så fall hur, det är ett problem att historielärarutbildningarna är så olika.
THE BISHOPS IN THE CHURCH OF SWEDEN Nilsson, Ulrika Lagerlöf
Scandinavian journal of history,
09/2005, Letnik:
30, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article focuses on the bishops in the Church of Sweden as an elite group in society. Using the conceptual apparatus of Pierre Bourdieu, including field, capital and habitus, the article gives a ...brief background to and describes the social characteristics of this elite group during the first half of the 20th century. It describes the double position of the Bishops as officials both of the state and the Church. In the 20th century, the church lost influence in society and as a consequence so did the Bishops. A discussion is held in the article how the Bishops acted to maintain and legitimate their position as an elite, for example by forming an informal network.
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5.
Vad vill vi med historielärarutbildningen? Bagerius, Henric; Hallberg, Erik; Nilsson, Ulrika Lagerlof ...
Historisk tidskrift (Stockholm),
2022, Letnik:
142, Številka:
4
Journal Article
How can novels and short stories be used in historical research? There seems to be three different approaches to the relationship between fiction and society among Swedish historians today: Fiction ...as reflection of society, fiction as action that influences society and fiction as dialogue between text and society. The main advantage of using literary sources is that they can contribute to a deeper understanding of social phenomena. This is because novels and short stories are often biased, subjective and fictitious. Although the selection of appropriate novels and short stories for use in historical research raises questions of representativeness, similar methodological problems are part of all historical research. In general, it probably seems more proper to historians to choose realistic fiction that describes the contemporary society of the novelist, but this is not an absolute rule. Historians should not view the research methods employed to analyze fiction as particularly unique. Common historical approaches such as comparisons, argument analysis, discourse analysis of ideas, constructions and representations etc. can be applied to novels and short stories as well as to other types of written sources. In three readings of the same short story, 'Tvifvel' by Anne Charlotte Leffler, we provide three examples, based on different research interests, of how historians can analyze a fictional text. These examples also demonstrate different methodological approaches. One reading takes individual words and their meanings and connotations as a starting point. Another emphasizes dialogue in order to scrutinize the fictional characters' views and positions. A third reading focuses on key episodes in the story. As these readings show, fiction can be valuable in historical research by complicating, refining, and qualifying our understanding of the past.
How can novels and short stories be used in historical research? There seems to be three different approaches to the relationship between fiction and so- ciety among Swedish historians today: Fiction ...as reflection of society, fiction as action that influences society and fiction as dialogue between text and society.
The main advantage of using literary sources is that they can contribute to a deeper understanding of social phenomena. This is because novels and short stories are often biased, subjective and fictitious. Although the selec- tion of appropriate novels and short stories for use in historical research raises questions of representativeness, similar methodological problems are part of all historical research. In general, it probably seems more proper to historians to choose realistic fiction that describes the contemporary society of the novelist, but this is not an absolute rule. Historians should not view the research methods employed to analyze fiction as particularly unique. Common historical approaches such as comparisons, argument analysis, discourse analysis of ideas, constructions and representations etc. can be ap- plied to novels and short stories as well as to other types of written sources.
In three readings of the same short story, ‘Tvifvel’ by Anne Charlotte Lef- fler, we provide three examples, based on different research interests, of how historians can analyze a fictional text. These examples also demonstrate dif- ferent methodological approaches. One reading takes individual words and their meanings and connotations as a starting point. Another emphasizes dialogue in order to scrutinize the fictional characters’ views and positions. A third reading focuses on key episodes in the story. As these readings show, fiction can be valuable in historical research by complicating, refining, and qualifying our understanding of the past.
Skönlitteraturen i historievetenskapen Bagerius, Henric; Lagerlöf Nilsson, Ulrika; Lundqvist, Pia
Historisk tidskrift (Stockholm),
2013, Letnik:
133, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
How can novels and short stories be used in historical research? There seems to be three different approaches to the relationship between fiction and so- ciety among Swedish historians today: Fiction ...as reflection of society, fiction as action that influences society and fiction as dialogue between text and society. The main advantage of using literary sources is that they can contribute to a deeper understanding of social phenomena. This is because novels and short stories are often biased, subjective and fictitious. Although the selec- tion of appropriate novels and short stories for use in historical research raises questions of representativeness, similar methodological problems are part of all historical research. In general, it probably seems more proper to historians to choose realistic fiction that describes the contemporary society of the novelist, but this is not an absolute rule. Historians should not view the research methods employed to analyze fiction as particularly unique. Common historical approaches such as comparisons, argument analysis, discourse analysis of ideas, constructions and representations etc. can be ap- plied to novels and short stories as well as to other types of written sources. In three readings of the same short story, ‘Tvifvel’ by Anne Charlotte Lef- fler, we provide three examples, based on different research interests, of how historians can analyze a fictional text. These examples also demonstrate dif- ferent methodological approaches. One reading takes individual words and their meanings and connotations as a starting point. Another emphasizes dialogue in order to scrutinize the fictional characters’ views and positions. A third reading focuses on key episodes in the story. As these readings show, fiction can be valuable in historical research by complicating, refining, and qualifying our understanding of the past.
I denna uppsats diskuteras metodiska möjligheter och utmaningar med att arbeta med romaner och noveller i historisk forskning. Skönlitterära författare har ofta utforskat sin samtid på ett kreativt och originellt sätt och därför kan fiktionen tillföra den historiska forskningen nya perspektiv och komplicera bilden av det förflutna. Genom tre läsningar av Anne Charlotte Lefflers novell ”Tvifvel” ger uppsatsförfattarna exempel på olika metodiska angreppssätt och visar hur en och samma novell kan befrukta vitt skilda forskningsfält.
This chapter discusses the value of a capability approach in historical research on older people. Historians are generally focused on studying continuity and change over time. Their research often ...aims at explaining how and why certain phenomena appear and take different shapes. Capability is a way of capturing an individual’s ability to live a meaningful life, or a life that they perceive as good. A modern analytical tool such as the capability approach can be used for visualising historical patterns, even though individuals’ values of well-being change over time. In that sense, historical studies of individuals’ capabilities, or functions, can add another perspective to this theoretical framework.
Old newspapers, biographies, diaries, letters, novels and government reports make it possible to understand which capabilities individuals and societies have valued for older citizens at different times. The meaning of functions differs over time and is dependent on several factors, such as gender and economic conditions, as well as social and civil status. This also means that conditions for a phenomenon such as retirement change over time, but they also differ depending on people’s previous life conditions. In this article, we explore these things using two different examples. Firstly, we discuss how Selma Lagerlöf, a woman with high social status, arranged for her retirement. The second example shows how women with low economic status struggled to retire at the time when universal pension reform was being implemented in Sweden.
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