The calibration units of KM3NeT Le Breton, R.; Billault, M.; Boutonnet, C. ...
Journal of instrumentation,
09/2021, Letnik:
16, Številka:
9
Journal Article
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KM3NeT is a deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA, near Sicily in Italy, designed for neutrino astronomy, and ORCA, near Toulon in ...France, designed for neutrino oscillation physics. To achieve the best performance, the exact location of the optical modules, affected by sea current, must be known at any time and the timing resolution between optical modules must reach the nanosecond. Moreover, the properties of the environment in which the telescopes are deployed must be continuously monitored because they affect the timing and positioning calibration. KM3NeT is going to deploy several dedicated Calibration Units to meet these calibration goals. Because of the difference in size between ARCA and ORCA, the design of the Calibration Unit is not the same for the two sites. This proceeding describes all the devices, features and purposes of the Calibration Units with a focus on the ORCA Calibration Unit.
The ANTARES neutrino telescope is a large photomultiplier array designed to detect neutrino-induced upward-going muons by their Cherenkov radiation. Understanding the absorption and scattering of ...light in the deep Mediterranean is fundamental to optimising the design and performance of the detector. This paper presents measurements of blue and UV light transmission at the ANTARES site taken between 1997 and 2000. The derived values for the scattering length and the angular distribution of particulate scattering were found to be highly correlated, and results are therefore presented in terms of an absorption length lambda_abs and an effective scattering length lambda_sct^eff. The values for blue (UV) light are found to be lambda_abs ~ 60(26) m, lambda_sct^eff ~ 265(122) m, with significant (15%) time variability. Finally, the results of ANTARES simulations showing the effect of these water properties on the anticipated performance of the detector are presented.
In this study, two related young children, brother and sister, exhibited severe vitamin D‐resistant rickets without alopecia. Sequence analysis of the total vitamin D receptor (VDR) cDNA from skin ...fibroblasts revealed a substitution of the unique tryptophan of the VDR by arginine at amino acid 286 (W286R). Cultured skin fibroblasts of the two patients expressed normal‐size VDR protein (immunocytochemistry and Western blotting) and normal length VDR mRNA (Northern blotting). But, these fibroblasts, as well as COS‐7 cells transfected with the W286R mutant, failed to bind 3H 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 1,25(OH)2D3. The tryptophan substitution did not affect VDR trafficking toward the nucleus but abolished the 24‐hydroxylase gene response to 1,25(OH)2D3, even at 10−6 M concentrations. In conclusion, this case report of a new family with hereditary vitamin D‐ resistant rickets (HVDRR) emphasizes the crucial role of the VDR tryptophan for ligand binding and for transactivation of 1,25(OH)2D3 target genes. It clearly shows the clinical significance of this VDR amino acid for calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. This observation suggests further that the presence of a stable VDR‐bound ligand may not be obligatory for normal hair follicle development.
Nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units are a preoccupying issue. Bacillus sp. can be pathogenic in immuno-compromised hosts, including premature infants. Central catheters and ...mechanical ventilation are potential sources of infection. We report for the first time a case of Bacillus licheniformis bacteremia in a premature infant. Recovery necessitated treatment with vancomycin and cefotaxime in combination with removal of the central catheter.
Congenital tuberculosis is a rare but severe disease. Diagnosis is often delayed, especially in preterm neonates. We report a premature infant born after 27 weeks of gestation and in vitro ...fertilization. Tuberculosis was suspected after 112 days of life in view of sepsis, respiratory distress, and the discovery of maternal tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in endotracheal aspirates, gastric aspirates, and stools. The infant initially received four antitubercular antibiotics over 3 months, then two antibiotics over 9 months. A wide screening for a possible nosocomial transmission from this index case was set up. At the chronological age of 2 years, the baby is healthy without after-effects and no secondary cases were diagnosed. This article recalls the difficulty diagnosing congenital tuberculosis, particularly in preterm neonates. It also underlines the need to raise and eliminate the diagnosis of tuberculosis in an infertile woman.
The data acquisition system for the ANTARES neutrino telescope Ameli, F.; Anton, G.; Anvar, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
2007, 2007-1-00, Letnik:
570, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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The ANTARES neutrino telescope is being constructed in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of a large three-dimensional array of photo-multiplier tubes. The data acquisition system of the detector ...takes care of the digitisation of the photo-multiplier tube signals, data transport, data filtering, and data storage. The detector is operated using a control program interfaced with all elements. The design and the implementation of the data acquisition system are described.
La tuberculose congénitale est rare mais sévère. Le retard diagnostique classiquement retrouvé peut être aggravé par le contexte de la prématurité. Nous rapportons le cas d’un nouveau-né prématuré de ...27 semaines d’aménorrhée, né d’une grossesse obtenue par fécondation in vitro pour infertilité de 13 ans. Le diagnostic a été suspecté après 112j de vie devant un tableau de sepsis et de détresse respiratoire récidivante, et la découverte d’une tuberculose maternelle.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis a été trouvé dans les selles, les tubages gastriques et les crachats. L’enfant a reçu avec succès une quadri-antibiothérapie pendant 3 mois, puis une bi-antibiothérapie pendant neuf mois. Un dépistage large d’une éventuelle transmission nosocomiale à partir de cet enfant a été mis en place. À l’âge de 2 ans, l’enfant se portait bien. Aucun cas secondaire n’a été diagnostiqué. Ce cas rappelle la difficulté du diagnostic de tuberculose congénitale, en particulier dans le contexte de la grande prématurité. Il souligne également la nécessité de rechercher le diagnostic de tuberculose dans le bilan d’infertilité.
Congenital tuberculosis is a rare but severe disease. Diagnosis is often delayed, especially in preterm neonates. We report a premature infant born after 27 weeks of gestation and in vitro fertilization. Tuberculosis was suspected after 112 days of life in view of sepsis, respiratory distress, and the discovery of maternal tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in endotracheal aspirates, gastric aspirates, and stools. The infant initially received four antitubercular antibiotics over 3 months, then two antibiotics over 9 months. A wide screening for a possible nosocomial transmission from this index case was set up. At the chronological age of 2 years, the baby is healthy without after-effects and no secondary cases were diagnosed. This article recalls the difficulty diagnosing congenital tuberculosis, particularly in preterm neonates. It also underlines the need to raise and eliminate the diagnosis of tuberculosis in an infertile woman.
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry is an effective screening tool for neonatal jaundice in full-term babies. But its accuracy is not shown yet in preterm infants.
We carried out a prospective study in a ...neonatal intensive care unit. The study included 47 preterm infants. From birth, a transcutaneous bilirubin measurement (BTc) using the BiliCheck was made on the forehead of each newborn every 8 h. Blood sampling for determination of total serum bilirubin (BS) was combined with BTc: 1) if value of BTc was higher than limits values for phototherapy; 2) on the second day of life and 3) 4 hours after cessation of phototherapy.
Mean gestational age was 30 week and mean birth weight was 1419 g. We studied 151 pairs of BTc and BS. Mean values obtained by BTc and BS were respectively 160.6+/-50 mumol/L and 190.6+/-61.4 mumol/L. A significant correlation between BTc and BS was found. But the limits of agreement were very wide. The negative predictive value (NPV) of BTc was above 90% in each group of gestational age.
The need for phototherapy cannot be determined by BTc in preterm infants. But the BTc is reliable when its value is under the limits for phototherapy.
With a very high incidence of neonatal jaundice (87%) in our cohort, a value of BTc under the limits for phototherapy has a good NPV in preterm infants.
Minimizing total respiratory heat loss is an important goal during mechanical ventilation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether changes in tracheal temperature (a clinical parameter ...that is easy to measure) are reliable indices of total respiratory heat loss in mechanically ventilated patients.
Total respiratory heat loss was measured, with three different methods of inspired gas conditioning, in 10 sedated patients. The study was randomized and of a crossover design. Each patient was ventilated for three consecutive 24-h periods with a heated humidifier (HH), a hydrophobic heat-moisture exchanger (HME) and a hygroscopic HME. Total respiratory heat loss and tracheal temperature were simultaneously obtained in each patient. Measurements were obtained during each 24-h study period after 45 min, and 6 and 24 h.
Total respiratory heat loss varied from 51 to 52 cal/min with the HH, from 100 to 108 cal/min with the hydrophobic HME, and from 92 to 102 cal/min with the hygroscopic HME (P < 0.01). Simultaneous measurements of maximal tracheal temperatures revealed no significant differences between the HH (35.7-35.9 degrees C) and either HME (hydrophobic 35.3-35.4 degrees C, hygroscopic 36.2-36.3 degrees C).
In intensive care unit (ICU) mechanically ventilated patients, total respiratory heat loss was twice as much with either hydrophobic or hydroscopic HME than with the HH. This suggests that a much greater amount of heat was extracted from the respiratory tract by the HMEs than by the HH. Tracheal temperature, although simple to measure in ICU patients, does not appear to be a reliable estimate of total respiratory heat loss.
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