The presence of the error self-compensation effect in optical coating production with monochromatic monitoring other than turning point optical monitoring, is demonstrated. For the demonstration, a ...series of computational manufacturing experiments with a UV-IR edge filter are performed. The strength of the error self-compensation effect is estimated using the approach previously applied to the case of broadband optical monitoring.
The progress and the chronology in understanding the influence of electron correlations on the electronic structure of atoms and the dynamics of atomic processes is reviewed focusing on benchmark ...rare-gas atoms. The contributions and the chronological development of Photon-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (PIFS), measuring dispersed-fluorescence emission cross sections upon excitation by single photons provided by monochromatized synchrotron radiation is described. Selected experimental results obtained by complementary techniques are also discussed for comparison. The basic suites of computer programs used for the investigation of the many-electron effects in atoms and the obtained results are analysed. Special attention is paid to the Configuration Interaction Pauli–Fock approximation with Core Polarization (CIPFCP) method used to interpret the PIFS data.
This study investigates the use of results from new-generation balloon-borne and satellite instruments and earthbound observatories for quantifying primary nuclei spectra in the Galactic sources. The ...unique data of these experiments allowed to establish new features in cosmic ray spectra in the GV–sub-PV rigidity region, make it possible to formulate an inverse approach of retrieval the spectra of primary nuclei in cosmic ray sources. We use the non-classical diffusion model of cosmic rays in the inhomogeneous Galaxy as the forward model in the inversion. The main parameters of diffusion model are self-consistently determined from experimental data. The inversion is based on the key element of the forward model solution—the presence of knee in the cosmic ray spectrum. We demonstrate that the average value of the injection index
of primary nuclei spectra in sources equals
.
According to available data, there are only few articles describing pneumovesicoscopic (PNV) ureteral reimplantation (UR) for obstructive megaureter without tailoring and with ex vivo tailoring in ...children.
To present our experience of the PNV UR using intravesical ureteral tailoring for symptomatic primary obstructive megaureter in children.
Between 2014 and 2020, 42 patients (mean age: 3.1 years) underwent a correction of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) via a vesicoscopic approach. Nine of them with the megaureter (diameter > 25 mm) underwent the intravesical ureteral tailoring. The analysis included only 9 patients who underwent intravesical tailoring of the ureter using the original technique. The dilated ureter is fixed intravesical by the loop in extended position. This simplifies the tailoring step of the ureter. The tailoring is performed by continuous suture (Star).
43 UR were analyzed (1 bilateral, 1 with diverticulum, 1 with ureterocele). The mean operative time was 142 min (83–235 min). The mean manipulation time for intravesical tailoring of the megaureter was 18 min. After the surgery, the average kidney function doesn't reduce. We observed an increase in renal function by an average of 7% in three patients after the surgery. One patient required a conversion. It was in the early stages of mastering the technique. All patients underwent US 1–3 weeks 3-6-12 months after the operation, the size of the pelvic system and ureter decreased. Eight patients are asymptomatic, and only one has the clinical changes (a persistent leukocyturia, the size of the pelvic-ureteric segment, and the ureter remain unchanged or increased). According to the VCUG vesicoureteral reflux was detected in this case. An endoscopic correction used successful.
This possibility of applying our technique is confirmed according to folow-up data and should be used in other researches. The drainage of the ureter with an external stent for 1 month helps to form properly the neo-ureterovesical anastomosis and to prevent episodes of ureteral obstruction as a result the incidence of urinary tract infections reduces in the postoperative period.
The use of the Tuohy needle with the loop simplifies the fixation of the ureter. This helps to make the intravesical tailoring of the megaureter easier and faster. It is original and less traumatic for the ureter than existing methods. Display omitted
Solid-State Gas Sensors Lagutin, A. S.; Vasil’ev, A. A.
Journal of analytical chemistry (New York, N.Y.),
02/2022, Letnik:
77, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The main directions in developing solid-state gas-sensitive sensors are considered, i.e., catalytic (including semiconductor), electrochemical, thermoelectric, optical, and acoustic gas sensors. The ...principles of operation, the advantages and disadvantages of sensors of each type are discussed, and their analytical capabilities for the selective detection of gases are demonstrated.
The paper discusses an approach that made it possible to estimate the distance to the nearest pevatrons, which form a knee in the spectrum of the cosmic ray nucleon component of about
PeV. It is ...based on the spectra of nucleons and electrons obtained by the authors in the framework of the superdiffusion model of nonclassical cosmic ray diffusion, which have a knee, on the assumption that nucleons and electrons are accelerated by the same type sources and their propagation in an inhomogeneous turbulent galactic medium is characterized by the same diffusion coefficient, and also on the knee in the spectrum of the electronic component in the region of
TeV, established in the DAMPE experiment. It is shown that pevatrons, which form a knee in the spectrum of the cosmic ray nucleon component of about
PeV, are located at distances of the order of
kpc from the Earth.
Recent experimental data from space-based instruments of the DAMPE and CALET collaborations have shown that the energy spectrum of protons has a new feature, a break in the
TeV region. In this energy ...range, the spectrum index of the observed particles varies from
2.6 to
2.9. The purpose of this work is to establish the local sources’s position and age that determine this break, the index of the proton generation spectrum in them, as well as the astrophysical interpretation of the results obtained in the DAMPE and CALET experiments. Within the framework of the model of nonclassical diffusion of cosmic rays developed by the authors, which has break due to the propagation of particles in a sharply inhomogeneous (fractal type) galactic medium, it is shown that break in this energy range is formed by tevatron located at a distance of
pc from the Earth. This source, whose age is
years, generates particles with a spectrum index
. The power-law behavior of the proton spectrum before and after the break, soft spectrum of particle generation in the source, first obtained in the DAMPE and CALET experiments, should be considered as an indication of the need to revise the standard paradigm accepted today about the sources of cosmic rays, mechanisms of particle acceleration in them and particle propagation in the Galaxy.
The interannual variability of methane emissions from wetland ecosystems of Western Siberia in 2000-2050 has been investigated. Calculations of CH4 emission were performed using the approach, in ...which the total daily methane flux is determined by the sum of positive temperatures accumulated in the soil at that time and its moisture content. Required characteristics of the soil were obtained using regional climate model RegCM4. The reanalysis NCEP-DOE AMIP-II (R2) and data of HadGEM2-ES global model for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 evolution scenario of the global climate system were used to define the initial and boundary conditions. It was found that for Western Siberia's wetland complexes, analyzed in this paper, the model estimates for methane emission in 2000-2013 vary from ~3.5 to ~5.5 Tg CH4/yr. The average value of emission is 4.34 TgCH4/yr. The rate of change of methane emission during this period is almost neutral. Growth of CH4 emission is observed only in the areas of tundra and forest tundra. Forecast values of methane emission obtained for the period 2021-2050 for scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 ranges from 3.9 up to 7.6 Tg CH4/yr. The average emission values are 5.0 and 5.8 Tg CH4/yr, respectively. Trends of CH4 emission for this period are also practically neutral.
The application of gas sensors in breath analysis is an important trend in the early diagnostics of different diseases including lung cancer, ulcers, and enteric infection. However, traditional ...methods of synthesis of metal oxide gas-sensing materials for semiconductor sensors based on wet sol-gel processes give relatively high sensitivity of the gas sensor to changing humidity. The sol-gel process leading to the formation of superficial hydroxyl groups on oxide particles is responsible for the strong response of the sensing material to this factor. In our work, we investigated the possibility to synthesize metal oxide materials with reduced sensitivity to water vapors. Dry synthesis of SnO₂ nanoparticles was implemented in gas phase by spark discharge, enabling the reduction of the hydroxyl concentration on the surface and allowing the production of tin dioxide powder with specific surface area of about 40 m²/g after annealing at 610 °C. The drop in sensor resistance does not exceed 20% when air humidity increases from 40 to 100%, whereas the response to 100 ppm of hydrogen is a factor of 8 with very short response time of about 1 s. The sensor response was tested in mixtures of air with hydrogen, which is the marker of enteric infections and the marker of early stage fire, and in a mixture of air with lactate (marker of stomach cancer) and ammonia gas (marker of
, responsible for stomach ulcers).
While blockchains and more generally distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) are passing over their hype curve peak, their shortcomings are becoming more apparent. One relatively recent approach to ...address their performance, scalability, privacy, and other problems are to use multiple different DLTs instead of relying on just one. While there are no really established standards for combining several DLTs, a few repeating patterns can be observed. In this paper, we present a survey of interledger approaches, discussing and comparing their underlying mechanisms. A shared motivation for all of the discussed interledger solutions is to move away from the "one chain rules them all" model to one that allows the interconnection of multiple ledgers, with different features and advantages, while also supporting innovation. The interledger approaches discussed in this survey include 1) atomic cross-chain transactions, 2) transactions across a network of payment channels, 3) the W3C Interledger Protocol (ILP), 4) bridging, 5) sidechains, and 6) ledger-of-ledgers. The approaches are compared according to whether they support the transfer or the exchange of value, their interconnection trust mechanism, complexity, scalability, and transaction cost.
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