An Acoustic Window is comprised of a horizontal sliding window at the inner layer, and a side-hung window, which can be pushed to open, on one side of the outer layer, and a fixed glazing on the ...other side. The glazing of the sliding inner window serves as a “baffle” for screening off the noise passing through the opened outer window when it is slid behind the opened outer window. This baffle-type acoustic window is proved to reduce up to 8 dB(A) road traffic noise and is gaining popularity in residential developments of Hong Kong, particularly for those located in difficult sites in close proximity to heavily trafficked roads. This paper presents the experimental results from a study looking into the acoustical transmission loss of Acoustic Windows with respect to changes in window configuration and setting of line sources. Based on the experimental results, empirical models for noise reduction of Acoustic Windows are developed and investigated to assist quick design of Acoustic Windows for planning residential developments.
Nonadherence is currently an underrecognized and potentially modifiable obstacle to care in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of our study was to design and implement a standardized ...approach to identifying adherence barriers for youth with JIA across 7 pediatric rheumatology clinics through the Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR-COIN) and to assess the frequency of adherence barriers in patients and their caregivers across treatment modalities.
An iterative process using coproduction among parents and providers of patients with JIA was used to design the Barriers Assessment Tool to screen for adherence barriers across 4 treatment modalities (i.e., oral medications, injectable medications, infusions, and physical/occupational therapy). This tool was implemented in 7 rheumatology clinics across the United States and patient responses were collected for analysis.
Data were collected from 578 parents and 99 patients (n = 44 parent-child dyads). Seventy-seven percent (n = 444) of caregivers and 70% (n = 69) of patients reported at least 1 adherence barrier across all treatment components. The most commonly reported adherence barriers included worry about future consequences of therapy, pain, forgetting, side effects, and embarrassment related to the therapy. There was no significant difference between endorsement of barriers between parents and adolescents.
Implementing a standardized tool assessing adherence barriers in the JIA population across multiple clinical settings is feasible. Systematic screening sheds light on the factors that make adherence difficult in JIA and identifies targets for future adherence interventions in clinical practice.
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare disease characterized by skin induration and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Diagnostic criteria for EF are based on adult populations. There is a need to expand ...the literature on EF in children due to limited reported cases and potential differences compared to adults.
We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for six pediatric patients diagnosed with EF at our institution between November 2011 and April 2023. Inclusion criteria required patients to be under 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis and to have confirmed diagnosis through clinical history, imaging, and histology.
Most of our cohort were female (83%) and non-Hispanic white (50%). Age at diagnosis ranged from 4 to 16 years. Duration of symptoms before diagnosis varied from 1 to 12 months. Follow-up periods ranged from 14 to 123 months. Concurrent medical conditions included localized scleroderma, acquired thrombophilia, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Patients presented with progressive painful swelling, severe joint limitations, and positive prayer sign. Initial regimens involved corticosteroids and methotrexate. Hydroxychloroquine, immunoglobulin, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, and tocilizumab were also used depending on the patient's disease severity and course.
Juvenile EF may manifest as swelling and progressive induration without apparent skin abnormalities. Unlike adult populations, no underlying malignancies or associations with trauma were observed in our cohort. Our cases did not exhibit systemic involvement observed in previous studies on juvenile EF. While non-specific, the prayer sign may aid in early recognition of juvenile EF and help prevent long-term disability.
High-intensity glucocorticoid regimens are commonly used to induce and maintain remission in Juvenile Dermatomyositis but are associated with several adverse side-effects. Evidence-based treatment ...guidelines from North American and European pediatric rheumatology research societies both advocate induction with intravenous pulse steroids followed by high dose oral steroids (2 mg/kg/day), which are then tapered. This study reports the time to disease control with reduced glucocorticoid dosing.
We retrospectively reviewed the records at a single tertiary-care children's hospital of patients diagnosed with Juvenile Dermatomyositis between 2000 and 2014 who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The primary outcome measure was time to control of muscle and skin disease. Additional outcome measures included glucocorticoid dosing, effect of treatment on height, frequency of calcinosis, and complications from treatment.
Of the 69 patients followed during the study period, 31 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median length of follow-up was 4.58 years, (IQR 3-7.5). Myositis control was achieved in a median of 7.1 months (IQR 0.9-63.4). Cutaneous disease control was achieved in a median of 16.7 months (IQR 4.3-89.5). The median starting dose of glucocorticoids was 0.85 mg/kg/day, (IQR 0.5-1.74). The median duration of steroid treatment was 9.1 months, (IQR 4.7-17.4), while the median duration of any pharmacotherapy was 29.2 months (IQR 10.4 to 121.3). Sustained disease control off medications was achieved in 21/31 (68%) patients by the end of review. Persistent calcinosis was identified in only one patient (3%).
Current accepted treatment paradigms for Juvenile Dermatomyositis include oral glucocorticoids beginning at 2 mg/kg/day and reduced over a prolonged time period. However, our results suggest that treatment using reduced doses and duration with early use of steroid-sparing agents is comparably effective in achieving favorable outcomes in Juvenile Dermatomyositis.
An 11-year-old, previously healthy boy presented to the emergency center (EC) for acute respiratory distress in the setting of 5 months of recurrent and worsening rash with progressive fatigue, ...shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough. At the onset of his rash, he and his younger brothers were diagnosed with roseola. Although his brothers’ symptoms resolved, the patient’s rash recurred, prompting his primary care provider to prescribe amoxicillin. The rash subsequently worsened, so amoxicillin was stopped; a prednisone course was prescribed which alleviated the rash. Upon completion of the prednisone course, the rash returned more diffusely with associated symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough. Because of these symptoms, his mother brought him to the EC, where his vitals were notable for tachypnea and tachycardia. His initial EC imaging workup was remarkable for an echocardiogram with a mild to moderate circumferential pericardial effusion, chest x-ray (CXR) with a large right pleural effusion, and chest computerized tomography significant for prominent and diffuse mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy with numerous enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Laboratory results were notable for elevated liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, d-dimer, and brain natriuretic peptide. Differential diagnosis remained broad, including infectious, oncologic, and rheumatologic etiologies. Our panel of experts reviews the evaluation, hospital course, and treatment of this patient presenting with an unusual rash and serositis.
Abstract
Objectives
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in adult myositis patients; however, there are few studies examining PJP in juvenile ...myositis juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (JIIM). The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and clinical phenotypes associated with PJP in JIIM.
Methods
An research electronic data capture (REDCap) questionnaire regarding myositis features, disease course, medications and PJP infection characteristics was completed by treating physicians for 13 JIIM patients who developed PJP (PJP+) from the USA and Canada. Myositis features and medications were compared with 147 JIIM patients without PJP (PJP–) from similar geographic regions who enrolled in National Institutes of Health natural history studies.
Results
PJP+ patients were more often of Asian ancestry than PJP– patients odds ratio (OR) 8.7; 95% CI 1.3, 57.9. Anti- melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5) autoantibodies (OR 12.5; 95% CI 3.0, 52.4), digital infarcts (OR 43.8; 95% CI 4.2, 460.2), skin ulcerations (OR 12.0; 95% CI 3.5, 41.2) and interstitial lung disease (OR 10.6; 95% CI 2.1, 53.9) were more frequent in PJP+ patients. Before PJP diagnosis, patients more frequently received pulse steroids, rituximab and more immunosuppressive therapy compared with PJP– patients. Seven PJP+ patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and four patients died due to PJP or its complications.
Conclusions
PJP is a severe infection in JIIM that can be associated with mortality. Having PJP was associated with more immunosuppressive therapy, anti-MDA5 autoantibodies, Asian race and certain clinical features, including digital infarcts, cutaneous ulcerations and interstitial lung disease. Prophylaxis for PJP should be considered in juvenile myositis patients with these features.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on new diagnoses of recurrent fevers and autoinflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) PFAPA/AID ...Working Group aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of pediatric patients evaluated for recurrent fevers and autoinflammatory diseases in North America. The absolute number of new outpatient visits and the proportion of these visits attributed to recurrent fever diagnoses during the pre-pandemic period (1 March 2019-29 February 2020) and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 March 2020-28 February 2021) were examined. Data were collected from 27 sites in the United States and Canada. Our results showed an increase in the absolute number of new visits for recurrent fever evaluations in 21 of 27 sites during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. The increase was observed across different geographic regions in North America. Additionally, the proportion of new visits to these centers for recurrent fever in relation to all new patient evaluations was significantly higher during the first year of the pandemic, increasing from 7.8% before the pandemic to 10.9% during the pandemic year (
< 0.001). Our findings showed that the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a higher number of evaluations by pediatric subspecialists for recurrent fevers. Further research is needed to understand the reasons behind these findings and to explore non-infectious triggers for recurrent fevers in children.
Model assisted reproductive technology act Cotton, Sara; Hill, Sara; Hirstein, Anne F ...
The journal of gender, race, and justice,
09/2005, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
(7) 'Health care provider' means an individual, hospital, or free-standing clinic involved in any stage of assisted reproductive technology, including, but not limited to, diagnosis of fertility ...problems, gamete collection, and fertilization. (9) 'Prospective parent' means an individual who intends to be a parent at the time an assisted reproductive technology contract is entered into and has not subsequently relinquished the control of the gamete or embryo.
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