The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) provides researchers with quality-controlled bacterial and archaeal small subunit rRNA alignments and analysis tools. An improved alignment strategy uses the ...Infernal secondary structure aware aligner to provide a more consistent higher quality alignment and faster processing of user sequences. Substantial new analysis features include a new Pyrosequencing Pipeline that provides tools to support analysis of ultra high-throughput rRNA sequencing data. This pipeline offers a collection of tools that automate the data processing and simplify the computationally intensive analysis of large sequencing libraries. In addition, a new Taxomatic visualization tool allows rapid visualization of taxonomic inconsistencies and suggests corrections, and a new class Assignment Generator provides instructors with a lesson plan and individualized teaching materials. Details about RDP data and analytical functions can be found at http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/.
OPTN/SRTR 2020 Annual Data Report: Liver Kwong, A. J.; Ebel, N. H.; Kim, W. R. ...
American journal of transplantation,
March 2022, 2022-03-00, 20220301, Letnik:
22, Številka:
S2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This year was marked by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which altered transplant program activity and affected waitlist and transplant outcomes. Still, 8906 liver transplants were performed, an all‐time high, ...across 142 centers in the United States, and pretransplant as well as graft and patient survival metrics, continued to improve. Living donation activity decreased after several years of growth. As of June 30, 2020, 98989 liver transplant recipients were alive with a functioning graft, and in the context of increasing liver transplant volume, the size of both the adult and pediatric liver transplant waitlists have decreased. On February 4, 2020, shortly before the pandemic began, a new liver distribution policy based on acuity circles was implemented, replacing donor service area‐ and region‐based boundaries. A policy change to direct pediatric livers to pediatric recipients led to an increase in deceased donor transplant rates and a decrease in pretransplant mortality rate among children, although the absolute number of pediatric transplants did not increase in 2020. Among adults, alcohol‐associated liver disease became the predominant indication for liver transplant in 2020. After implementation of the National Liver Review Board and lower waitlist priority for most exception cases in 2019, fewer liver transplants were being performed via exception points, and the transplant rate between those with and without hepatocellular carcinoma has equalized. Women continue to experience higher pretransplant mortality and lower rates of liver transplant than men.
OPTN/SRTR 2019 Annual Data Report: Liver Kwong, A. J.; Kim, W. R.; Lake, J. R. ...
American journal of transplantation,
February 2021, 2021-02-00, 20210201, Letnik:
21, Številka:
S2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This year was notable for changes to exception points determined by the geographic median allocation Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and implementation of the National Liver Review Board, ...which took place on May 14, 2019. The national acuity circle liver distribution policy was also implemented but reverted to donor service area‐ and region‐based boundaries after 1 week. In 2019, growth continued in the number of new waiting list registrations (12,767) and transplants performed (8,896), including living‐donor transplants (524). Compared with 2018, living‐donor liver transplants increased 31%. Women continued to have a lower deceaseddonor transplant rate and a higher pretransplant mortality rate than men. The median waiting time for candidates with a MELD of 15‐34 decreased, while the number of transplants performed for patients with exception points decreased. These changes may have been related to the policy changes that took effect in May 2019, which increased waiting list priority for candidates without exception status. Hepatitis C continued to decline as an indication for liver transplant, as the proportion of liver transplant recipients with alcohol‐related liver disease and clinical profiles consistent with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis increased. Graft and patient survival have improved despite changing recipient demographics including older age, higher MELD, and higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes.
OPTN/SRTR 2018 Annual Data Report: Liver Kwong, A.; Kim, W. R.; Lake, J. R. ...
American journal of transplantation,
January 2020, 2020-01-00, 20200101, Letnik:
20, Številka:
s1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Data on adult liver transplants performed in the US in 2018 are notable for (1) continued growth in numbers of new waitlist registrants (11,844) and transplants performed (8250); (2) continued ...increase in the transplant rate (54.5 per 100 waitlist‐years); (3) a precipitous decline in waitlist registrations and transplants for hepatitis‐C‐related indications; (4) increases in waitlist registrants and recipients with alcoholic liver disease and with clinical profiles consistent with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; (5) increased use of hepatitis C virus antibody‐positive donor livers; and (6) continued improvement in graft survival despite changing recipient characteristics such as older age and higher rates of obesity and diabetes. Variability in transplant rates remained by candidate race, hepatocellular carcinoma status, urgency status, and geography. The volume of pediatric liver transplants was relatively unchanged. The highest rate of pre‐transplant mortality persisted for children aged younger than 1 year. Children underwent transplant at higher acuity than in the past, as evidenced by higher model for end‐stage liver disease/pediatric end‐stage liver disease scores and listings at status 1A and 1B at transplant. Despite higher illness severity scores at transplant, pediatric graft and patient survival posttransplant have improved over time.
OPTN/SRTR 2016 Annual Data Report: Liver Kim, W. R.; Lake, J. R.; Smith, J. M. ...
American journal of transplantation,
January 2018, 2018-01-00, 20180101, Letnik:
18, Številka:
S1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Data on adult liver transplants performed in the US in 2016 are no‐table for (1) the largest total number of transplants performed (7841); (2) the shortest median waiting time in recent history (11.3 ...months); (3) continued reduction in waitlist registrations and transplants for hepatitis C‐related indications; (4) increasing numbers of patients whose clinical profiles are consistent with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; and (5) equilibration of transplant rates in patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the increase in the number of available organs, waitlist mortality remained an important concern. Graft survival rates continued to improve. In 2016, 723 new active candidates were added to the pediatric liver transplant waiting list, down from a peak of 826 in 2005. The number of prevalent candidates (on the list on December 31 of the given year) was stable, 408 active and 169 inactive. The number of pediatric living donor liver transplants decreased from a peak of 79 in 2015 to 62 in 2016, with most from donors closely related to the recipients. Graft survival continued to improve over the past decade among recipients of deceased donor and living donor livers.
We present a new determination of the ultraviolet (UV) galaxy luminosity function (LF) at redshift z 7 and 8, and a first estimate at z 9. An accurate determination of the form and evolution of the ...galaxy LF during this era is of key importance for improving our knowledge of the earliest phases of galaxy evolution and the process of cosmic reionization. Our analysis exploits to the full the new, deepest Wide Field Camera 3/infrared imaging from our Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Ultra-Deep Field 2012 (UDF12) campaign, with dynamic range provided by including a new and consistent analysis of all appropriate, shallower/wider area HST survey data. Our new measurement of the evolving LF at z 7 to 8 is based on a final catalogue of 600 galaxies, and involves a step-wise maximum-likelihood determination based on the photometric redshift probability distribution for each object; this approach makes full use of the 11-band imaging now available in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF), including the new UDF12 F140W data, and the latest Spitzer IRAC imaging. The final result is a determination of the z 7 LF extending down to UV absolute magnitudes M
1500 = −16.75 (AB mag) and the z 8 LF down to M
1500 = −17.00. Fitting a Schechter function, we find M1500
* = −19.90+0.23
−0.28, log φ* = −2.96+0.18
−0.23 and a faint-end slope α = −1.90+0.14
−0.15 at z 7, and M1500* = −20.12+0.37
−0.48, log φ* = −3.35+0.28
−0.47 and α = −2.02+0.22
+0.23 at z 8. These results strengthen previous suggestions that the evolution at z > 7 appears more akin to 'density evolution' than the apparent 'luminosity evolution' seen at z 5 − 7. We also provide the first meaningful information on the LF at z 9, explore alternative extrapolations to higher redshifts, and consider the implications for the early evolution of UV luminosity density. Finally, we provide catalogues (including derived z
phot, M
1500 and photometry) for the most robust z ∼ 6.5-11.9 galaxies used in this analysis. We briefly discuss our results in the context of earlier work and the results derived from an independent analysis of the UDF12 data based on colour-colour selection.
This paper describes the operation of the Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills (CCM) detector located at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. CCM is a 10-ton liquid argon ...detector located 20 meters from a high flux neutron/neutrino source and is designed to search for sterile neutrinos (νs’s) and light dark matter (LDM). An engineering run was performed in fall 2019 to study the characteristics of the CCM120 detector by searching for coherent scattering signals consistent with νs’s and LDM resulting from the production and decays of π+ and π0 in the tungsten target. New parameter space in a leptophobic dark matter (DM) model was excluded for DM masses between ~2.0 and 30 MeV. The lessons learned from this run have guided the development and construction of the new CCM200 detector that will begin operations in 2021 and significantly improve on these searches.
OPTN/SRTR 2017 Annual Data Report: Liver Kim, W. R.; Lake, J. R.; Smith, J. M. ...
American journal of transplantation,
February 2019, Letnik:
19, Številka:
S2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Data on adult liver transplants performed in the US in 2017 are notable for (1) continued growth in numbers of new waitlist registrants (11,514) and of transplants performed (8,082); (2) continued ...increase in the transplant rate (51.5 per 100 waitlist‐years); (3) a precipitous decrease in waitlist registrations and transplants for hepatitis C‐related indications; (4) reciprocal increases in waitlist registrants and recipients with alcoholic liver disease and with clinical profiles consistent with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; and (5) continued improvement in graft survival despite changing recipient characteristics such as older age and higher rates of obesity. Variability in transplant rates remained by candidate race, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, urgency status (status 1A versus model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score >35), and geography. More than half of all children listed for liver transplant in 2017 were aged younger than 5 years in 2017, and the highest rate of pretransplant mortality persisted for children aged younger than 1 year. Children underwent transplant at higher acuity than the past, as evidenced by higher MELD/pediatric end‐stage liver disease scores and listings at status 1A and 1B. Higher acuity at transplant is likely due to lack of access to suitable donor organs, which has been compensated for by persistent trends toward use of partial or split liver grafts and ABO‐incompatible grafts. Despite higher illness severity scores at transplant, pediatric graft and patient survival posttransplant have improved over time.
The HOPE mass spectrometer of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission (renamed the Van Allen Probes) is designed to measure the
in situ
plasma ion and electron fluxes over 4
π
sr at each RBSP ...spacecraft within the terrestrial radiation belts. The scientific goal is to understand the underlying physical processes that govern the radiation belt structure and dynamics. Spectral measurements for both ions and electrons are acquired over 1 eV to 50 keV in 36 log-spaced steps at an energy resolution Δ
E
FWHM
/
E
≈15 %. The dominant ion species (H
+
, He
+
, and O
+
) of the magnetosphere are identified using foil-based time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry with channel electron multiplier (CEM) detectors. Angular measurements are derived using five polar pixels coplanar with the spacecraft spin axis, and up to 16 azimuthal bins are acquired for each polar pixel over time as the spacecraft spins. Ion and electron measurements are acquired on alternate spacecraft spins. HOPE incorporates several new methods to minimize and monitor the background induced by penetrating particles in the harsh environment of the radiation belts. The absolute efficiencies of detection are continuously monitored, enabling precise, quantitative measurements of electron and ion fluxes and ion species abundances throughout the mission. We describe the engineering approaches for plasma measurements in the radiation belts and present summaries of HOPE measurement strategy and performance.
Although previous consensus recommendations have helped define patients who would benefit from simultaneous liver–kidney transplantation (SLK), there is a current need to reassess published ...guidelines for SLK because of continuing increase in proportion of liver transplant candidates with renal dysfunction and ongoing donor organ shortage. The purpose of this consensus meeting was to critically evaluate published and registry data regarding patient and renal outcomes following liver transplantation alone or SLK in liver transplant recipients with renal dysfunction. Modifications to the current guidelines for SLK and a research agenda were proposed.
The authors report the findings of a summit meeting on simultaneous liver–kidney transplantation, present modifications to the current guidelines and propose directions for future research. See editorial by Feng and Trotter on page 2869.
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