This study translated and validated the Chinese Version of the Self-stigma of Mental Illness Scale (CSSMIS), which may be used to measure self-stigma of mental health consumers in China. We also ...examined its correlation with self-esteem, self-efficacy and psychosocial treatment compliance. A cross-sectional observational study was implemented. Some 51 males and 57 females who suffered from severe mental illness were recruited from psychiatric settings in Hong Kong. They were required to complete the Chinese Version of the Self-stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Self-efficacy Scale. Their level of compliance during psychosocial treatment and their demographic information were recorded by their case managers. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two homologous factors for the four subscales of the CSSMIS. Factor 1 was related to the negative beliefs and consequences of having mental disorders, whereas Factor 2 was related to positive beliefs. The perceived stigma subscale and the three self-stigma subscales were strongly inter-correlated. Significant correlations were also found between almost all subscales of the CSSMIS and the remaining scales. The psychometric properties of the CSSMIS are statistically acceptable. The results also suggest that stigma played a detrimental role in undermining self-esteem, self-efficacy and psychosocial treatment compliance. Implications for recovery of mental health consumers are discussed.
Oxindole (
2) is a potent and selective PDE2 inhibitor with a favorable ADME, physiochemical and pharmacokinetic profile to allow for use as a chemical tool in elucidating the physiological role of ...PDE2.
Oxindole (
2) is a potent and selective PDE2 inhibitor with a favorable ADME, physiochemical and pharmacokinetic profile to allow for use as a chemical tool in elucidating the physiological role of PDE2.
The effect of spray drying of nanoemulsions using corn oil and different wall components was investigated. The wall materials used include maltodextrin, trehalose or a mixture of both materials, ...yielding feed solutions of 10, 20 and 30% w/w total solids. The emulsions were spray dried at the same drying conditions and the physicochemical properties of the powders were characterized. The spray dried powders showed high encapsulation efficiencies of oils (97.1–98.9%) and good emulsion properties after reconstitution, irrespective of the wall compositions. Among all the samples, trehalose produced powder particles with smaller size (6.84–10 μm) and higher bulk density (0.28–0.46 g/mL). The powders of trehalose also displayed better wettability and dispersibility. However, some cracks were observed on the surface of powders containing trehalose. Fewer cracks were observed in the powders containing maltodextrin. All the spray dried powders displayed good reconstitution ability as the emulsion properties of the reconstituted powders were similar to their emulsions before spray drying. This study showed that high quality powders with good physicochemical and functional properties can be produced in nanoemulsions. The powder form of nanoemulsions is convenient to use and can provide longer shelf-life than liquid nanoemulsions.
•Spray drying of nanoemulsions using different wall materials at different composition.•Best powder properties were achieved in nanoemulsions produced with trehalose.•Emulsion properties of reconstituted spray dried powders were same as nanoemulsions before spray drying.•Stable powders produced by spray drying of nanoemulsions are versatile for applications in food products.
Background. Obesity is associated with a high circulating leptin level and severe 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (AH1N1pdm09) infection. The mechanism for severe lung injury in obese ...patients and the specific treatment strategy remain elusive. Method. We studied the pathogenesis of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Results. Obese mice had significantly higher initial pulmonary viral titer and mortality after challenge with A (H1N1)pdm09, compared with age-matched lean mice. Compared with lean mice, obese mice had heightened proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels and more severe pulmonary inflammatory damage. Furthermore, obese mice had a higher preexisting serum leptin level but a lower preexisting adiponectin level. Recombinant mouse leptin increased the interleukin 6 (IL-6) messenger RNA expression in mouse single-lung-cell preparations, mouse macrophages, and mouse lung epithelial cell lines infected with A(H1N1)pdm09. Administration of anti-leptin antibody improved the survival of infected obese mice, with associated reductions in pulmonary levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and interleukin 1β but not the pulmonary viral titer. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that preexisting high levels of circulating leptin contribute to the development of severe lung injury by A(H1N1)pdm09 in mice with diet-induced obesity. The therapeutic strategy of leptin neutralization for the reduction of proinflammatory responses and pulmonary damage in obese patients warrants further investigations.
Nicotinamide (
2) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the PDE4D isozyme and as a chemical tool selectively blocks eosinophil mediator release and chemotaxis thus linking the role of PDE4D to ...eosinophil function.
Nicotinamide (
2) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the PDE4D isozyme and as a chemical tool selectively blocks eosinophil mediator release and chemotaxis thus linking the role of PDE4D to eosinophil function.
Germ-line mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been observed in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, brain tumors, second malignancies, and breast cancers. It is unclear whether all of ...these mutations have inactivated p53 and thereby provide an increased risk for cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the biological significance of these germ-line mutations by the functional and structural analysis of the resulting mutant p53 proteins. We analyzed the ability of seven germ-line mutant proteins observed in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, second primary neoplasms, or familial breast cancer to block the growth of malignant cells and compared the structural properties of the mutant proteins to that of the wild-type protein. Six of seven missense mutations disrupted the growth inhibitory properties and structure of the wild-type protein. One germ-line mutation retained the features of the wild-type p53. Genetic analysis of the breast cancer family in which this mutation was observed indicated that this germ-line mutation was not associated with the development of cancer. These results demonstrate that germ-line p53 mutations observed in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and with second malignancies have inactivated the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The inability of the germ-line p53 mutants to block the growth of malignant cells can explain why patients with these germ-line mutations have an increased risk for cancer. The observation of a functionally silent germ-line mutation indicates that, before associating a germ-line tumor suppressor gene mutation with cancer risk, it is prudent to consider its functional significance.
Objective. A large-scale quantitative study was conducted by stratified representative samples from Chicago (prototype of the United States; N = 293), Beijing (prototype of urbanized China; N = 302), ...and Hong Kong (prototype of East-meets-West culture; N = 284) to explore factors that might lead to their stigmatizing attitudes towards hiring individuals with (mental illness, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and HIV/AIDS) and without (bone cancer) behavioral-driven health conditions. Methods. Consented employers completed the Employer Survey pertaining to their attitudes towards specific health conditions, previous hiring experiences, resources, assets of applicants, and hiring concerns. Results. The findings suggested that employers in Hong Kong and Beijing were more willing to hire individuals with alcohol abuse, whereas employers in Chicago were more willing to hire those with HIV/AIDS or bone cancer. Logistic regression suggested that the type of health conditions, assets of applicants, and perceived level of dangerousness of applicants were significant predictors that contributed to employers' hiring preference. Conclusion. Employers express different hiring preference towards individuals with or without behavioral-driven health conditions. Their hiring preference towards specific type of health conditions is discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Products of a number of mutant p53 genes bind with high affinity to members of the hsp70 family of chaperonin proteins, whereas wild type p53 lacks this type of association. Examination of the ...sequences of p53 genes from five different species enabled us to predict domains on p53 which may be involved in the association with hsp70 family members. A synthetic polypeptide (Pro-17-Gly) corresponding to the candidate hsp70 binding domain bound to in vitro translated hsp70 as determined by affinity chromatography and nondenaturing gel mobility shift assays. In addition, the Pro-17-Gly peptide competitively inhibited association between hsp70 and p53, an activity which was determined by immunoprecipitation with anti-p53 monoclonal antibody PAb240. The data indicate that p53 contains a hsp70 binding domain, which is located in a highly conserved region at the amino terminus of the protein, and may participate in the cellular function of wild-type p53 or in the transforming capacity of p53 mutants.
We have cloned a Xenopus homology (XRb1) of the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene. DNA sequence analysis shows that the XRb1 gene product is highly conserved in many regions. The leucine ...repeat motif and many of the potential cdc2 phosphorylation sites, as well as potential sites for other kinases, are retained. The region of the protein homologous to the SV40 T antigen binding site and the basic region directly C-terminal to the E1A binding site are all conserved. XRb1 gene expression at the RNA level was studied by Northern blot analysis. Transcripts of 4.2 and 10-kb are present as maternal RNA stores in the oocyte. While the 4.2-kb product is stable until at least the mid-blastula stage, the 10-kb transcript is selectively degraded. Between stages 11 and 13 the 10-kb transcript reappears and also a minor product of approximately 11 kb becomes apparent. Both the 4.2- and the 10-kb transcripts remain present until later stages of development and are also present in all adult tissues examined, although at differing levels. Antibodies raised against human p105Rb which recognize the protein product of the XRb1 gene, pXRb1, detect the Xenopus 99-kDa protein prior to the mid-blastula stage, but at lower levels than at later stages in development.
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