As a result of globalization of markets and increasing marine traffic, more than 130 introduced species have so far been recorded in the Wadden Sea. This unique coastal area constitutes an ecosystem ...of global importance and is recognized by UNESCO as a Natural World Heritage site. Efforts are made to monitor introduced species and to study their ecological effects on native species and biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and functioning. Social aspects that relate introduced species specifically to people and human society, however, are less studied. To explore this rather new field of research, qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders of the Wadden Sea, asking (1) How do introduced species affect people’s lives and (2) How do people perceive introduced species? The interviews were evaluated with a qualitative content analysis. As one first result of this exploratory study it turned out that immaterial aspects of the Wadden Sea, such as recreational potential and cultural identity, appear to be largely affected by introduced species. Moreover, the mere fact of change was mostly regarded with skepticism or aversion, regardless of actual effects. Based on the stakeholder interviews, a conceptual framework with the factors identified as influencing perception was developed. It is suggested that a better understanding of the social component is essential for an integrated management and sustainable solutions.
Objectives: Evaluation of the prevalence rates of periimplant mucositis and periimplantitis in partially edentulous patients in a private dental practice.
Material and methods: The data of 89 ...patients were collected (52 female, 37 male, age at time of implant placement: 51.8±10.3 years). All patients had been treated with dental implants of the same type and fixed superstructures between January 1999 and June 2006 (observational period: 68.2±24.8 months).
Results: The patient‐related prevalence rate of periimplant mucositis (probing depth ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing BOP) was over all 44.9%. The respective rates in non‐smokers without periodontal history were 30.4% and in smokers with periodontal history 80%. The multiple logistic regression analysis identified a significant association of mucositis with the independent variable “smoker” (odds ratio OR 3.77; P=0.023). The patient‐related prevalence rate of periimplantitis (probing depth ≥5 mm, BOP/pus, radiographic bone loss) was 11.2% (smokers with periodontal history: 53.3%, non‐smokers: 2.8%). No periimplant disease was diagnosed in non‐smoking patients without periodontal history and with a good compliance after treatment. Statistical analysis identified a significant association of periimplantitis with “smoker” (OR: 31.58; P<0.001) and “compliance” (OR: 0.09; P=0.011). Periodontal history in general showed no significant association with periimplantitis.
Conclusions: Smoking and compliance are important risk factors for periimplant inflammations in partially edentulous patients.
To cite this article:
Rinke S, Ohl S, Ziebolz D, Lange K, Eickholz P. Prevalence of periimplant disease in partially edentulous patients: a practice‐based cross‐sectional study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 826–833 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02061.x
The clinical performance of three- and four-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) with frameworks made of yttria partially stabilized zirconia was determined after a mean observational period of 84 ...months.
Seventy-five patients were treated with 99 posterior FPDs. Fifty-one specimens were veneered with an experimental ceramic suitable for titanium and zirconia frameworks; 48 restorations were veneered with a commercially available low-fusing ceramic optimized for zirconia frameworks. All restorations were luted with zinc-phosphate cement. Statistical analysis was performed according to Kaplan-Meier; potential risk factors were analyzed using the Cox regression analysis.
Nineteen restorations failed completely: 12 due to technical complications, 6 due to biologic complications, and 1 for unknown reasons. The overall survival rate after 84 months was 83.4%. Thirty-two events required clinical intervention for restoration maintenance, resulting in a time-dependent success rate of 57.9% after 84 months. Nineteen dropouts occurred during the follow-up time. None of the evaluated factors showed an association with survival or success of the restorations.
After a mean observational period of 7 years, the survival and success rates of zirconia-based posterior FPDs were inferior to those published for metal-ceramic FPDs. The majority of failures were caused by technical complications (material fractures). The main reasons for clinical intervention to maintain function were fractures of the veneering ceramic and decementations.
The contemporary concept of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as defined in the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association
2000
) is relatively new. Excessive hyperactive, inattentive, ...and impulsive children have been described in the literature since the nineteenth century. Some of the early depictions and etiological theories of hyperactivity were similar to current descriptions of ADHD. Detailed studies of the behavior of hyperactive children and increasing knowledge of brain function have changed the concepts of the fundamental behavioral and neuropathological deficits underlying the disorder. This article presents an overview of the conceptual history of modern-day ADHD.
Several vinyl catechol‐based monomers with systematically varied acetal protecting groups suitable for carbanionic polymerization are introduced. All monomers are based on the 4‐vinyl benzodioxole or ...5‐vinyl benzodioxole structure and differ in the nature of the protecting group for the catechol functionalities. Different symmetric ketones are used for the protection of the diol functionality. Polymers with average molecular weight from 2500 to 25 000 g mol−1 (Mw/Mn < 1.15) are obtained from homopolymerization of the protected monomers. All monomers are examined regarding the influence of the protecting group on the copolymerization behavior with styrene, using in situ 1H NMR kinetic studies. Length and structure of the alkyl chains generally show no influence for all monomers based on 5‐vinyl benzodioxole. In contrast, all monomers with the protecting group in direct vicinity to the propagating vinyl moiety exhibit dependence between monomer reactivity and chain length of the protecting group. A decrease of the monomer reactivity enables control of the gradient in the copolymerization with styrene. Finally, the first terpolymerization kinetics of a carbanionic polymerization in 1H NMR kinetics is presented, combining the monomers 3‐vinyl catechol acetonide, styrene, and 4‐vinyl catechol acetonide, which enables the one‐pot synthesis of double gradient terpolymers.
Carbanionic polymerization of vinyl‐catechol monomers with systematically varied acetal protecting groups is studied. In situ 1H NMR kinetics reveals that protecting groups in direct vicinity to the propagating vinyl moiety can be used to control monomer reactivity and thereby the monomer gradient in copolymers.
Purpose of Review
Various nutrients and diet quality have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent cohort studies and ...dietary interventions to determine whether nutrition may play a role in the management of ADHD.
Recent Findings
Preliminary evidence suggests that minerals might have beneficial effects on ADHD symptomatology. Probiotics might offer novel strategies to prevent or treat ADHD. Inverse associations between adherence to “healthy” diets and ADHD symptoms have been observed. Children with ADHD responding to the few-foods diet (or oligoantigenic diet) with an elimination of individually identified food items show substantially improved behavior and cognitive functioning.
Summary
Evidence from recent research does not allow any recommendations regarding the use of micronutrients or probiotics in the management of ADHD. The few-foods diet may become an additional therapeutic option for children with ADHD.
Changes to land use affect streams through nutrient enrichment, increased inputs of sediment and, where riparian vegetation has been removed, raised water temperature. We manipulated all three ...stressors in experimental streamside channels for 30 days and determined the individual and pair-wise combined effects on benthic invertebrate and algal communities and on leaf decay, a measure of ecosystem functioning. We added nutrients (phosphorus+nitrogen; high, intermediate, natural) and/or sediment (grain size 0.2 mm; high, intermediate, natural) to 18 channels supplied with water from a nearby stream. Temperature was increased by 1.4°C in half the channels, simulating the loss of upstream and adjacent riparian shade. Sediment affected 93% of all biological response variables (either as an individual effect or via an interaction with another stressor) generally in a negative manner, while nutrient enrichment affected 59% (mostly positive) and raised temperature 59% (mostly positive). More of the algal components of the community responded to stressors acting individually than did invertebrate components, whereas pair-wise stressor interactions were more common in the invertebrate community. Stressors interacted often and in a complex manner, with interactions between sediment and temperature most common. Thus, the negative impact of high sediment on taxon richness of both algae and invertebrates was stronger at raised temperature, further reducing biodiversity. In addition, the decay rate of leaf material (strength loss) accelerated with nutrient enrichment at ambient but not at raised temperature. A key implication of our findings for resource managers is that the removal of riparian shading from streams already subjected to high sediment inputs, or land-use changes that increase erosion or nutrient runoff in a landscape without riparian buffers, may have unexpected effects on stream health. We highlight the likely importance of intact or restored buffer strips, both in reducing sediment input and in maintaining cooler water temperatures.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tea and depression Lange, Klaus W.; Nakamura, Yukiko; Lange, Katharina M. ...
Food science and human wellness,
05/2022, Letnik:
11, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The available evidence, which derives from studies investigating mechanistic effects of tea, research on animal models as well as epidemiological studies and intervention trials in humans, suggests ...that compounds contained in tea may have the potential to aid in the prevention of depression or in its treatment as an addition to established therapies. A wide range of potentially antidepressive biological activities of tea components have been reported. However, the mechanisms of tea phytochemicals possibly capable of decreasing the risk of depressive symptoms are complex, multifaceted and not well understood. Potent pharmacological effects on circumscribed neurobiological systems may be produced not by individual tea components but rather by the synergistic action of various compounds on multiple pathophysiological mechanisms involved in depression. While epidemiological studies have generally demonstrated beneficial effects of tea consumption on mood and depressive symptoms, cross-sectional studies are unable to prove a cause-effect relationship. If positive effects on mood could be firmly established, tea drinking could support mental health. However, the moderate antidepressive effects observed in healthy people are not necessarily indicative of possible clinical effects in major depressive disorder. Randomized controlled intervention studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between bioactive compounds in tea and depression.
Given its increasing global prevalence, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a major public health challenge worldwide. The symptomatic treatments available for AD have shown no significant efficacy, ...and no disease-modifying interventions are capable of slowing the progression of the disorder. The potential of lifestyle-related factors, including diet, is increasingly recognized as an important consideration in the primary prevention of AD. Numerous mechanisms potentially underlying neuroprotective effects of bioactive components contained in tea, such as (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, as well as their preventive efficacy against AD, have been elucidated in preclinical studies. However, in contrast to the abundance of mechanistic findings in animals, clinical results demonstrating efficacy in humans are scarce. While epidemiological studies have provided some evidence indicating that green tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of age-related cognitive decline and AD, a causal relationship cannot be established on the basis of these observations. The clinical evidence regarding preventive or therapeutic effects of green tea and its bioactive components is unsatisfactory. A role of green tea in the prevention of AD cannot be recommended until well-designed, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials using standardized formulations confirm the purported beneficial effects of green tea.
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