In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, mitochondria integrate bioenergetic, metabolic, and redox cues. Signals both converge on and emanate from mitochondria to respond to varied cellular ...stressors. Therefore, mitochondrial proteins must play critical roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In a search for mitochondrial proteins that impact cellular bioenergetics, we identified the adenylate kinase, AK4, as the most potent regulator of ATP levels out of >1,000 mitochondrial proteins. We also found AK4 expression to significantly impact AMKP and mTORC1 activation status as well as cells' ability to respond to energetic stressors. Suppressing AK4 expression increases steady‐state cellular ATP levels by up to 30%, alters cellular respiration metabolite pools, and results in concomitant activation of both AMPK and mTORC1 signaling. Together, these effects of suppressed AK4 expression allow cells to thrive in the context of nutrient deprivation‐induced stress. The profound effects of AK4 expression on bioenergetics, survival under stress, and dual activation of the AMPK and mTORC1 energy sensing pathways position AK4 as a potential master regulator of mitochondria‐dependent cellular homeostasis.
Support or Funding Information
NIH 1R15GM123382 CSUPERB New Investigator Grant
This is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.
Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals Ross, Cody T; Hooper, Paul L; Smith, Jennifer E ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
05/2023, Letnik:
120, Številka:
22
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To address claims of human exceptionalism, we determine where humans fit within the greater mammalian distribution of reproductive inequality. We show that humans exhibit lower reproductive skew ...(i.e., inequality in the number of surviving offspring) among males and smaller sex differences in reproductive skew than most other mammals, while nevertheless falling within the mammalian range. Additionally, female reproductive skew is higher in polygynous human populations than in polygynous nonhumans mammals on average. This patterning of skew can be attributed in part to the prevalence of monogamy in humans compared to the predominance of polygyny in nonhuman mammals, to the limited degree of polygyny in the human societies that practice it, and to the importance of unequally held rival resources to women's fitness. The muted reproductive inequality observed in humans appears to be linked to several unusual characteristics of our species-including high levels of cooperation among males, high dependence on unequally held rival resources, complementarities between maternal and paternal investment, as well as social and legal institutions that enforce monogamous norms.
Some scholars have presented models of the United States as a set of “nations” with distinct settlement histories and contemporary cultures. We examined personality differences in one such model, ...that of Colin Woodard, using data from over 75,000 respondents. Four nations were particularly distinct: The Deep South, Left Coast, New Netherland, and the Spanish Caribbean. Differences between nations at the level of the individual person were typically small, but were larger at the level of community, revealing how aggregation can contribute to differences in the lived experience of places in nations such as Yankeedom or Greater Appalachia. We represented effects in a three-dimensional model defined by Authoritarian conventionalism (which differentiated ‘Red’ and ‘Blue’ nations) as well as Cognitive resilience and Competitiveness (which differentiated among the Blue nations). Finally, we adjusted Woodard's model to better fit the data, and found that nations largely maintained their boundaries, with the most drastic changes occurring on the East Coast.
Relevance Statement
Cultural regions of the US carry meaning. Their associations with personality differ by region (greatest for the Deep South), by trait (Authoritarian conventionalism, Cognitive resilience, Competitiveness), and by level of analysis (communities feel different, but people are ‘pretty much the same everywhere’).
Key Insights
Differences between people in different American regions are typically small.
Differences in the personality of communities in different American regions are often substantial.
Differences in the personality of American regions may be represented in a 3-D space.
The most important difference between regions is in Authoritarian conventionalism.
Liberal regions of the US differ in their level of Competitiveness.
To examine the career prevalence of abusive encounters for family physicians in Canada.
A 7-page cross-sectional mailed survey in English and French.
Canada.
A total of 3802 randomly selected ...practising family physicians who were members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada.
Demographic characteristics of survey participants, career prevalence of abusive encounters, and perpetrators of abuse.
Twenty percent (20.4%) of the surveys (n = 774) were returned. Of the respondents, 44% were men and 56% were women. Most were in private practice in urban settings. The average number of years in practice was 15. The career prevalence of abusive encounters was divided into "minor," "major," and "severe" incidents. Of all the respondents, 98% had experienced at least 1 incident of minor abuse, 75% had experienced at least 1 incident of major abuse, and 39% had experienced at least 1 incident of severe abuse. Using chi(2) analysis, a number of demographic variables were found to be significantly associated with abuse including the physician's race and sex. Patients were the most common perpetrators of abuse. Ninety percent of family physicians surveyed reported that they had been abused by patients, while 70% reported that they had been abused by family members of patients.
Approximately 2 in 5 family physicians surveyed were subjected to a considerable amount of severe abuse during practice. Abuse in the office setting might have grave consequences for the health and well-being of the victimized physicians and might hinder service retention where the risk of abuse is greatest.
To assess the effects of physician-colleague and coworker abuse on family physicians in Canada.
A mixed-methods, bilingual study that included surveys and telephone interviews.
Canada.
Family ...physicians in active practice who were members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada in 2009.
Surveys were mailed to a random sample of family physicians (N = 3802), and 37 family physicians who had been abused in the past year participated in telephone interviews.
A total of 770 surveys (20%) were completed. A small number of respondents reported having been subjected to abuse by physician colleagues (9%) or coworkers (6%) in the previous month. Many of the respondents reported that the same physician colleagues or coworkers were repeat abusers. More than three-quarters (77%) of the physician-colleague abusers were men, whereas more than three-quarters (77%) of the other coworker abusers were women. Interviewed family physicians described feeling humiliated and unappreciated, and developed symptoms of anxiety or depression. As a result of the abuse, some family physicians terminated their employment or refused to work in certain environments. The most striking effect of this abuse was that respondents reported losing confidence in their professional abilities and skills.
Although only a small number of family physicians experience abuse by physician colleagues and other coworkers, the effects can be considerable. Victims reported a loss of confidence in their clinical abilities and some subsequently were faced with mental health issues.
To report a patient with agenesis of the right internal carotid artery associated with ipsilateral, congenital Homer's syndrome.
Case report.
A 30-year-old woman, with a past history of migraine ...headaches, underwent neuro-ophthalmologic and neuroradiologic evaluation for transient visual obscurations and congenital Horner's syndrome.
A right, third-order neuron Horner's syndrome was confirmed with 1% hydroxyamphetamine topical drops. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed an absent right internal carotid artery flow void, computed tomography demonstrated absence of the right carotid canal, and cerebral angiography confirmed absence of the right internal carotid artery. No atheromatous lesions were found and the results of coagulation studies were normal.
Agenesis of the internal carotid artery is a rare cause of congenital Horner's syndrome. The cause of transient visual blurring in the current patient remains unproven.
Objective. The goal of this study was to examine the monthly incidence rates of abusive encounters for family physicians in Canada. Methods. A 7-page cross-sectional survey. Results. Of the entire ...study sample (N=720), 29% of the physicians reported having experienced an abusive event in the last month by a patient or patient family member. Abusive incidents were classified as minor, major, or severe. Of the physician participants who reported having been abused, all reported having experienced a minor event, 26% a major, and 8% a severe event. Of the physicians who experienced an abusive event, 55% were not aware of any policies to protect them, 76% did not seek help, and 64% did not report the abusive event. Conclusion. Family physicians are subjected to significant amounts of abuse in their day-to-day practices. Few physicians are aware of workplace policies that could protect them, and fewer report abusive encounters. Physicians would benefit from increased awareness of institutional policies that can protect them against abusive patients and their families and from the development of a national policy.
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