Resumen Se registra por primera vez para Colombia (cuenca del Orinoco), cuatro especies de crustáceos ectoparásitos en rayas de agua dulce (Potamotrygonidae), género Potamotrygon. Dos que pertenecen ...a la subclase Branchiura, familia Argulidae: Dolops reperta (Bouvier, 1899) y D. striata (Bouvier, 1899) y dos al orden Isopoda, correspondientes a las familias Cymothoidae y Corallanidae, representadas con las especies Braga cigarra (Szidat & Schubart, 1960) y Excorallana delaneyi (Stone & Heard, 1989), respectivamente.
The management and governance of shared stocks have long been identified as a challenge to achieve long-term sustainability in fisheries. This is the situation of fisheries in the Amazon basin, a ...region shared by nine countries. This paper provides an overview of the social-ecological outcomes and management implications of sharing fish stocks among countries with different public policies, taking the valuable Amazonian ornamental silver arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) trade as a case study. Specifically, it (i) presents and discusses the policies of Colombia, Peru and Brazil for the silver arawana fishery, and how these are conducive for the successful management of this shared transboundary fishery; and (ii) analyzes the market for the ornamental silver arawana and how it affects the ability to sustainably manage the fishery. The interplay between the multiple environmental, economic and social dimensions involved in the ornamental silver arawana fishery affects the sustainability of this species even in Brazil, where this fishing is forbidden but still illegally caught by Colombians and Peruvians. Among the factors that make fisheries policies inefficient in this region are: (i) incongruent policies between the countries and institutions with low organizational capacity to accomplish the established policies; (ii) environmental heterogeneity of Amazonian aquatic systems, which requires local and adaptive measures; and (iii) complex socio-economic relationships in the live-fish trade business. Legally binding efforts to reduce problems derived from shared fish stocks are an urgent need and should be addressed by the multilateral organizations created for the Amazonian sustainable development.
•Transboundary stocks of ornamental fish are a management challenge.•Incongruent policies between sharing countries enhance mismanagement.•Complex socio-economic relationships characterize the live-fish trade business in the Amazon.•Local and adaptive measures to sustainably manage Amazonian fisheries are proposed.•Legally binding efforts between the Amazonia countries are urgently needed.
Stability and spatio-temporal structure in fish assemblages of two floodplain lagoons of the lower Orinoco River González, Nirson(Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales Estación de Investigaciones Hidrobiológicas de Guayana ,Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana); Lasso, Carlos(Museo de Historia Natural La Salle Sección de Ictiología ,Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt); Rosales, Judith(Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas)
Neotropical Ichthyology,
2009, Letnik:
7, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Fish assemblage structure and variability were analyzed in two floodplain lagoons (Las Arhuacas and Los Cardonales) along the lower Orinoco over a hydrological cycle. Every three months during ...continuous three-day sampling, experimental gill nets (5 to 12.5 cm of mesh opening) and 1 mm-mesh seine nets were utilized according to the types of habitats presents. A total of 133 fish species were found in Las Arhuacas and 95 species in Cardonales. Fifty five and 17 species were exclusive to Las Arhuacas and Los Cardonales respectively, and 77 were common to both lagoons. In Las Arhuacas, the most speciesrich orders were Characiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes and Gymnotiformes and in Los Cardonales, the most species-rich orders were Characiformes, Siluriformes, Clupeiformes and Perciformes. The richness, abundance and biomass were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Arhuacas than in Cardonales. In general, the fishes assemblage was highly variable during the high water phase and moderately stable during low water phase in both lagoons, with more stability or less variability in Cardonales than Arhuacas. Also, there were significant differences in the fish assemblages between the two lagoons, mainly during low waters (ANOSIM; p < 0.001). The species that contributed most to the mean dissimilarity between the lagoons were Hypostomus argus, Aphanotorulus ammophilus, Potamorhina altamazonica, Prochilodus mariae, Loricaria gr. cataphracta, Oxydoras sifontesi, Hydrolycus armatus, Hyphopthalmus edentatus and Pterodoras rivasi. The last four species were more commonly collected in Los Cardonales. Also, the species of small size (mainly SL < 5 cm) such as Rhinosardinia amazonica, Moenkhausia sp. 1 "lepidura", Moenkhausia sp. 2, Aphyocharax alburnus, Characidium sp. 1, Moenkhausia sp. 3, Exodon paradoxus and Roeboides dientonito contributed to the mean dissimilarity among the beach and aquatic vegetation habitats. The patterns of the species assemblage organization were related to the dynamics of the floods. Non-random (i. e., deterministic) associations between species caused by the selection of habitats and/or to biological interactions, apparently were more common during low waters when there is an increased density of fish and so the biotic interactions are intensified. Stochastic associations, on the other hand, seemed to be more common during high water when species are more dispersed.
Foram analisadas a estrutura e a variabilidade da comunidade de peixes ao longo de um ciclo hidrológico em dois lagos (Arhuacas e Cardonales) da planície de inundação do baixo rio Orinoco. Amostragens trimestrais foram realizadas por meio de coletas contínuas durante três dias, utilizando-se redes de espera experimentais (5 a 12,5 cm de malha) e redes de arrasto (1 mm de malha), de acordo com os tipos de habitats presentes. Foi encontrado um total de 133 espécies de peixes em Arhuacas e 95 espécies em Cardonales. Cinquenta e cinco espécies foram exclusivas do lago Arhuacas, 17 do lago Cardonales, e 77 foram comuns a ambos os lagos. Em Arhuacas, as ordens mais ricas em espécies foram Characiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes e Gymnotiformes; em Cardonales, foram Characiformes, Siluriformes, Clupeiformes e Perciformes. A riqueza, abundância e biomassa foram significativamente mais altas (p < 0.001) em Arhuacas que em Cardonales. A comunidade de peixes teve alta variação durante a fase de cheia e permanceu moderadamente estável durante fase de seca em ambos os lagos, com mais estabilidade ou menos variabilidade durante todas as fases do ciclo hidrológico em Cardonales que Arhuacas. Ademais, houve diferenças significativas nas comunidades ícticas entre os dois lagos, em especial durante o período da seca (ANOSIM; p < 0.001). As espécies que mais contribuíram para a dissimilaridade média entre os lagos foram Hypostomus argus, Aphanotorulus ammophilus, Potamorhina altamazonica, Prochilodus mariae, Loricaria gr. cataphracta, Oxydoras sifontesi, Hydrolycus armatus, Hyphopthalmus edentatus e Pterodoras rivasi. As últimas quatro espécies foram geralmente mais coletadas em Cardonales. As espécies pequenas (principalmente SL < 5 cm), como Rhinosardinia amazonica, Moenkhausia sp. 1 "lepidura", Moenkhausia sp. 2, Aphyocharax alburnus, Characidium sp. 1, Moenkhausia sp. 3, Exodon paradoxus e Roeboides dientonito, foram as que mais contribuiram para a dissimilaridade média entre os habitats de praia e de vegetação aquática. Os padrões de organização da comunidade foram relacionados à dinâmica das inundações. Assim, associações não aleatórias (i. e., determinísticas) entre espécies relacionadas à seleção de habitats e/ou interações biológicas foram, aparentemente, mais comuns durante o período de seca, quando há aumento da densidade de peixes e, por conseguinte, intensificação das interações bióticas. Por outro lado, associações aleatórias pareceram ser mais comuns durante o período de cheia, quando as espécies estão mais dispersas no ambiente.
This article is the result of the systematization of experiences of the community intervention process developed with the members of the Popular School of Alternative Communication Jaime Garzón in ...the city of Cúcuta, Colombia, during 2019 and the first semester of 2020, where it is possible to contribute strategically from Social Work to strengthen community organization through the strengthening of dialogue, interpersonal relations, collective work and training in popular communication.
El presente artículo es el resultado de la sistematización de experiencias que se hace del proceso de intervención comunitaria desarrollado con los integrantes de la Escuela Popular de Comunicación Alternativa Jaime Garzón de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia, durante el año 2019 y primer semestre del 2020, en donde se logra aportar estratégicamente desde el Trabajo Social a potenciar la organización comunitaria por medio del fortalecimiento del diálogo, las relaciones interpersonales, el trabajo colectivo y la formación en comunicación popular.
Based on literature review and malacological collections, 168 native freshwater bivalve and five invasive species have been recorded for 52 hydrographic regions in South America. The higher species ...richness has been detected in the South Atlantic, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Amazon Brazilian hydrographic regions. Presence or absence data were analysed by Principal Coordinate for Phylogeny-Weighted. The lineage Veneroida was more representative in hydrographic regions that are poorer in species and located West of South America. The Mycetopodidae and Hyriidae lineages were predominant in regions that are richest in species toward the East of the continent. The distribution of invasive species Limnoperna fortunei is not related to species richness in different hydrographic regions there. The species richness and its distribution patterns are closely associated with the geological history of the continent. The hydrographic regions present distinct phylogenetic and species composition regardless of the level of richness. Therefore, not only should the richness be considered to be a criterion for prioritizing areas for conservation, but also the phylogenetic diversity of communities engaged in services and functional aspects relevant to ecosystem maintenance. A plan to the management of this fauna according to particular ecological characteristics and human uses of hydrographic regions is needed.
Se pretende en este escrito, hacer una crítica a las formas hegemónicas de comunicación que intervienen como actores políticos en Colombia, para configurar posiciones de sujeto afines a los intereses ...del poder de los que hoy forman parte. Por lo anterior, el trabajo se estructura de la siguiente manera. Primero, se hace una crítica al capitalismo cultural a partir de la lectura deleuziana y su articulación con las empresas informativas. Segundo, revisar la experiencia del conflicto armado colombiano (CAC) vista a partir de las matrices de verdad construidas por los medios de comunicación de masas para colonizar los mundos de vida y se finaliza con la interpretación del concepto de mediocracia, de Danny Schechter, que convierte el medio en actor político servil a las sociedades de control. Así, proponemos un recorrido para aportar a la revisión crítica del poder mediático y su papel determinante en los acontecimientos políticos en Colombia. Palabras clave: mediocracia, comunicación, acto de creación, política, poder. It is intended to make a criticism of the hegemonic forms of communication that intervene as political actors in Colombia in order to constitute subject positions related to the interests of power that are part of it. Hence the work is structured: first, to make a critique of the cultural capitalism from the Deleuzian reading and its articulation with information companies; secondly, review the experience of the Colombian armed conflict (CAC) seen from the truth matrices constructed by the mass media to colonize the worlds of life, to finalize with the interpretation of the concept of Mediacracy from Danny Schechter, that converts the medium in political actor subservient to control societies. Thus, we propose a look over to contribute to the critical review of media power and its determining role in political events in Colombia. Keywords: mediacracy, communication, act of creation, politics, power.
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