The role of trust between the parent companies of international joint ventures (IJVs) is re-examined, and it is suggested that trust between parents is not only a major predictor of the achievement ...of financial and non-financial goals by IJVs as reported in the literature, but also moderates the relationship between IJV performance and certain contextual factors.
Based on the responses of senior executives of IJVs and their parent companies in China, it is confirmed that trust influences IJV performance. The moderating effects of trust on the relationships between IJV performance and local reliance and the experience of executives were confirmed for the senior executive sample, but the moderating effect of cultural distance was not consistent between the firm-level and country-level measures. There was no significant result regarding these moderating relationships for the parent sample, except local reliance.
Drawing from a cultural values perspective, we investigate the effects of country origins on HR (human resource) practices of firms from the United States, Great Britain, Japan and Hong Kong ...operating in Hong Kong. In general, results supported hypothesized differences in HR practices of firms from different countries. In addition, results indicated that HR practices, specifically structural training and development and retention-oriented compensation, were related to various measures of firm performance. Of further interest was the finding that country origin moderated relationships of HR practices with firm performance; in general, relationships of structural training and development and retention-oriented compensation were stronger for Hong Kong firms. Implications of the results are discussed.
To determine the effectiveness of cerclage pessary in the prevention of preterm birth in asymptomatic Chinese women with a short cervix at 20 to 24 weeks.
Low-risk women carrying singleton ...pregnancies were screened with transvaginal ultrasound, and those with a cervical length <25 mm at 20 to 24 weeks were recruited into a randomized controlled trial, comparing the prophylactic use of cerclage pessary with expectant management. The analysis was by intent-to-treat. The primary outcome measure was preterm delivery before 34 weeks.
Among 4438 screened women, 203 women (4.6%) met the inclusion criteria and 108 (58%) consented for the study. A total of 53 and 55 women were allocated to pessary and control groups, respectively. There was no difference in background demographics, including the mean cervical length (19.6 mm versus 20.5 mm) and the mean gestational age at randomization (both 21.9 weeks). Delivery before 34 weeks occurred in 9.4% and 5.5% (p = 0.46) in the pessary and the control groups, respectively. No differences in major side effects were noted between the groups.
In our population, <5% had a cervical length of less than 25 mm at 20 to 24 weeks' gestation. The prophylactic use of cerclage pessary did not reduce the rate of preterm delivery before 34 weeks.
Drawn on the recent action–reaction perspective in competitive dynamics studies, this paper suggests that not only the number of competitive actions, but also the extent of differences of action ...portfolios
within and
between firms are relevant in determining a firm's performance. A distinction of these differences of competitive action portfolios among firms and the corresponding measures to capture these effects are proposed. This study of Hong Kong high tariff hotels confirmed that diversifying a hotel's portfolio of actions, but not too much different from the competitors, would help hotels to achieve higher financial performance in a competitive market.
Strategy in Emerging Economies Hoskisson, Robert E.; Eden, Lorraine; Lau, Chung Ming ...
Academy of Management journal,
06/2000, Letnik:
43, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Emerging economies are low-income, rapid-growth countries using economic liberalization as their primary engine of growth. They fall into two groups: developing countries in Asia, Latin America, ...Africa, and the Middle East and transition economies in the former Soviet Union and China. Private and public enterprises have had to develop unique strategies to cope with the broad scope and rapidity of economic and political change in emerging economies. This Special Research Forum on Emerging Economies examines strategy formulation and implementation by private and public enterprises in several different regional settings and from three primary theoretical perspectives: institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view of the firm. In this introduction, we show how different theoretical perspectives can provide useful insights into enterprise strategies in emerging economies. We discuss the special methodological as well as empirical challenges associated with doing research in emerging economies. Finally, we briefly summarize the individual contributions of the works included in our special research forum.
Correlations of two flow harmonics vn and vm via three- and four-particle cumulants are measured in 13 TeV pp, 5.02 TeV p+Pb, and 2.76 TeV peripheral Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector at the ...LHC. The goal is to understand the multi-particle nature of the long-range collective phenomenon in these collision systems. The large non-flow background from dijet production present in the standard cumulant method is suppressed using a method of subevent cumulants involving two, three and four subevents separated in pseudorapidity. The results show a negative correlation between v2 and v3 and a positive correlation between v2 and v4 for all collision systems and over the full multiplicity range. However, the magnitudes of the correlations are found to depend on the event multiplicity, the choice of transverse momentum range and collision system. The relative correlation strength, obtained by normalisation of the cumulants with the 〈vn2〉 from a two-particle correlation analysis, is similar in the three collision systems and depends weakly on the event multiplicity and transverse momentum. These results based on the subevent methods provide strong evidence of a similar long-range multi-particle collectivity in pp, p+Pb and peripheral Pb+Pb collisions.
Ready for Consideration Neumann, Jean E.; Lau, Chung Ming; Worley, Christopher G.
The Journal of applied behavioral science,
06/2009, Letnik:
45, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
International organization development and change (OD&C) can be understood as an emerging field of applied behavioral and social science and of practice-based research. Through the processes of ...creating this special issue, we as editors have come to consider international OD&C as poised on three fronts simultaneously: clarifying applied theory, improving publishing standards, and crafting OD&C methods suitable for international contexts and cross-cultural situations. We hope that this special issue contributes to this readiness for action by making these three fronts more visible as well as stimulating scholarly and practitioner debate that helps this field emerge more clearly. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc., copyright NTL Institute.
How to increase the number of female manager is still one of the contemporary issues in Japan. In comparison with other developed countries, Japan is far below others in terms of the level of ...employing women as management staffs. This paper was undertaken to shed light on the factors hindering the promotion of female manager in Japan workforce. It was also intended to discover more relevant improvement area that Japan government can consider to put more efforts in order to enhance the Japanese women for working as senior positions. The perspective of employee and employer are adopted for discussing and illustrating important insights which are considered able to explain the current phenomenon in Japan. On the other hand, a question from the survey of human resources management in Japanese companies in China (JCCs) which was conducted previously is used to further test if the factors of industry, location, company size, and years of business have any influence on the degree of employing women in management position of Japanese companies in China. According to the result by analyzing 180 valid response, 113 from Mainland China and 67 from Hong Kong, companies in servicing industries are likely to have higher percentage of female manager than those in manufacturing industries. A positive association existed between the industrial factor and percentage of female managers in JCCs.
Skinfold thickness is a validated parameter of subcutaneous fat accumulation. Data on triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were collected from 10 043 (5318 males, 4725 females) singletons at ...12 hospitals with gestation 31–42 wk. The LMS method using maximum penalized likelihood was used to perform model fitting of the anthropometric centiles for these parameters. Both triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were greater in girls than in boys. Racial differences were found when comparing with other populations. The triceps subscapular skinfold thicknesses of Chinese infants were significantly lower than those of US white infants but larger than those of African‐American infants, Israeli infants, Spanish infants and Indian infants.
Conclusion: This study provides the first set of references for the triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses of Chinese infants by gestation and gender. These data are helpful in determining the nutritional status of infants at birth and in assessing the postnatal growth of Chinese infants.
BackgroundRecently, we described the discovery of a novel group 2 coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1 (CoV-HKU1), from a patient with pneumonia. However, the clinical and molecular epidemiological features ...of CoV-HKU1–associated pneumonia are unknown MethodsProspectively collected (during a 12-month period) nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from patients with community-acquired pneumonia from 4 hospitals were subjected to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, for detection of CoV-HKU1. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with CoV-HKU1–associated pneumonia were analyzed. The pol spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) genes were also sequenced ResultsNPAs from 10 (2.4%) of 418 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were found to be positive for CoV-HKU1. All 10 cases occurred in spring and winter. Nine of these patients were adults, and 4 had underlying diseases of the respiratory tract. In the 6 patients from whom serum samples were available, all had a 4-fold change in immunoglobulin (Ig) G titer and/or presence of IgM against CoV-HKU1. The 2 patients who died had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, monocyte counts, albumin levels, and oxygen saturation levels on admission and had more-extensive involvement visible on chest radiographs. Sequence analysis of the pol S, and N genes revealed 2 genotypes of CoV-HKU1 ConclusionsCoV-HKU1 accounts for 2.4% of community-acquired pneumonia, with 2 genotypes in the study population. Without performance of diagnostic tests, the illness was clinically indistinguishable from other community-acquired pneumonia illnesses
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