Developments of quality grapevine production in Slovenia have recently required a lot of changes in winegrowing practice, especially in training systems and planting density. For that purpose several ...preliminary experiments have been done with different rootstock/scion combinations in vineyards and in the nursery. We were looking for rootstocks with weak or moderate vigour, good phylloxera resistance (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH) and good performance in drought conditions. In four field nursery experiments the rootstock '420 A MGt' showed the weakest root and shoot growth, while the rootstock 'Paulsen 1103' mostly performed distinctive growth of roots and it advanced further shoot growth. According to root weight the rootstocks 'Kober 5BB' and 'Teleki SO 4' in some cases came close to 'Paulsen 1103', but they did not always enable the transfer of roots vigorous growth to shoots. Two experiments in vineyard confirmed strong vegetative growth hypothesis of 'Paulsen 1103'. In one case rootstock 'Fercal' came close to 'Paulsen 1103' and in other case 'Kober 5BB' and 'Ruggeri 140' were close, too. At the nursery experiment in 2001, we found significant high number of phylloxera nodosities on one-year grafts of cv. 'Rebula' grafted on rootstock '3309 C'.
The purpose of the investigation was to determine the use of water in grafted vines (Vitis vinifera L.) in dependence on the vine (Vitis sp.) rootstocks. The local vine variety 'Rebula' was grafted ...on three different rootstocks (Vitis sp.): (1) on the 'Rebula' (Vitis vinifera L.) vine itself, (2) on the rootstock 196/17 Castel' (Vitis vinifera 'Mourvedre' x Vitis rupestris '1202 Couderc') x Vitis riparia 'Gloire' and (3) on the rootstock 'Börner' (Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea). Daily transpiration was calculated as a difference in the pot mass between the day of measurement and the previous day. Daily differences in the use of water were compared with leaf area and meteorological data (temperature, duration of sun light). Stem water potential (SWP) and, at the end of the trial, leaf area and mass of individual parts of plant (roots, shoot) were determined using destructive method. The dynamics of water used per leaf area unit showed the trend of reduction and the response to the changing meteorological conditions. No statistically significant differences in SWP, leaf area and water used were noticed between rootstocks, however, they existed in the final mass of shoot and roots.
Namen raziskave je bil določiti porabo vode pri enoletnih cepljenkah vinske trte (Vitis vinifera L.) v odvisnosti od podlage vinske trte (Vitis sp.). Lokalno vinsko sorto 'Rebula' smo cepili na tri različne podlage: (1) na samo sebe, 'Rebula' (Vitis vinifera L.), (2) podlago '196/17 Castel' (Vitis vinifera 'Mourvedre' x Vitis rupestris '1202 Couderc') x Vitis riparia 'Gloire' in (3) podlago 'Börner' (Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea). Dnevna transpiracija je bila izračunana kot razlika v masi lonca z rastlino, med dnevom merjenja in predhodnim dnevom. Dnevne razlike v porabi vode smo primerjali z listno povr_ino in meteorolo_kimi podatki (temperatura, sončno obsevanje). Določili smo vodni potencial stebla (SWP), na koncu poskusa pa, z destruktivno metodo, listno povr_ino in maso posameznih delov rastlin (korenine, poganjek). Dinamika porabe vode na enoto listne povr_ine je pokazala odziv na spremenljive meteorolo_ke razmere in trend zni_evanja. Med podlagami nismo opazili statistično značilnih razlik v vodnem potencialu stebla, listni povr_ini in porabi vode, statistično značilne razlike med podlagami so obstajale le v končni masi poganjka in korenin.
Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia, gene sequencing during remission revealed that persistent mutations in genes associated with clonal hematopoiesis did not have value for predicting relapse ...but that persistent mutations in other leukemia-associated genes had such value.
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is a key innate immunity response to pathogens. Recruitment of signaling adapters such as MAL (TIRAP) and MyD88 to the TLRs requires Toll/interleukin-1 receptor ...(TIR)-domain interactions, which remain structurally elusive. Here we show that MAL TIR domains spontaneously and reversibly form filaments in vitro. They also form cofilaments with TLR4 TIR domains and induce formation of MyD88 assemblies. A 7-Å-resolution cryo-EM structure reveals a stable MAL protofilament consisting of two parallel strands of TIR-domain subunits in a BB-loop-mediated head-to-tail arrangement. Interface residues that are important for the interaction are conserved among different TIR domains. Although large filaments of TLR4, MAL or MyD88 are unlikely to form during cellular signaling, structure-guided mutagenesis, combined with in vivo interaction assays, demonstrated that the MAL interactions defined within the filament represent a template for a conserved mode of TIR-domain interaction involved in both TLR and interleukin-1 receptor signaling.
Large, comprehensive population-based studies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are scarce. We conducted a nationwide population-based study on treatment, trial participation and survival among all ...adult patients diagnosed with AML (n=12,032) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; n=585) in the Netherlands between 1989-2012. Patients were categorized into four periods and four age groups (18-40, 41-60, 61-70 and >70 years). The application of allogeneic stem cell transplantation increased over time among AML patients up to age 70 years. For APL patients, the use of chemotherapy increased across all age groups. When a clinical trial was open for accrual in the Netherlands, the inclusion rates were 68%, 57%, 30% and 12% for AML patients in the four age groups, respectively (data for APL unavailable). Relative survival improved over time among AML (up to age 70 years) and APL patients. In the period 2007-2012, 5-year relative survival rates were 54%, 38%, 14% and 2% for AML patients and 84%, 75%, 54% and 37% for APL patients in the four age groups, respectively. As survival remained poor for older AML patients over the last two decades, clinical trials and active participation in those trials, are warranted that explore innovative treatment strategies for this elderly population.
A dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (see Figure) is described and its construction and performance reported: the overall efficiency of the cell is the highest recorded so far for solid‐state ...cells. The major novelty of the cell lies in its gel electrolyte made by the sol–gel route.
The preferred type of post-remission therapy (PRT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) is a subject of continued debate, especially in patients at higher ...risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM), including patients >40 years of age. We report results of a time-dependent multivariable analysis of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) (n=337) versus chemotherapy (n=271) or autologous HSCT (autoHSCT) (n=152) in 760 patients aged 40-60 years with AML in CR1. Patients receiving alloHSCT showed improved overall survival (OS) as compared with chemotherapy (respectively, 57±3% vs 40±3% at 5 years, P<0.001). Comparable OS was observed following alloHSCT and autoHSCT in patients with intermediate-risk AML (60±4 vs 54±5%). However, alloHSCT was associated with less relapse (hazard ratio (HR) 0.51, P<0.001) and better relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR 0.74, P=0.029) as compared with autoHSCT in intermediate-risk AMLs. AlloHSCT was applied following myeloablative conditioning (n=157) or reduced intensity conditioning (n=180), resulting in less NRM, but comparable outcome with respect to OS, RFS and relapse. Collectively, these results show that alloHSCT is to be preferred over chemotherapy as PRT in patients with intermediate- and poor-risk AML aged 40-60 years, whereas autoHSCT remains a treatment option to be considered in patients with intermediate-risk AML.
A randomized phase-II study was performed in low/int-1 risk MDS (IPSS) to study efficacy and safety of lenalidomide without (arm A) or with (arm B) ESA/G-CSF. In arm B, patients without erythroid ...response (HI-E) after 4 cycles received ESA; G-CSF was added if no HI-E was obtained by cycle 9. HI-E served as primary endpoint. Flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing were performed to identify predictors of response. The final evaluation comprised 184 patients; 84% non-del(5q), 16% isolated del(5q); median follow-up: 70.7 months. In arm A and B, 39 and 41% of patients achieved HI-E; median time-to-HI-E: 3.2 months for both arms, median duration of-HI-E: 9.8 months. HI-E was significantly lower in non-del(5q) vs. del(5q): 32% vs. 80%. The same accounted for transfusion independency-at-week 24 (16% vs. 67%), but similar in both arms. Apart from presence of del(5q), high percentages of bone marrow lymphocytes and progenitor B-cells, a low number of mutations, absence of ring sideroblasts, and SF3B1 mutations predicted HI-E. In conclusion, lenalidomide induced HI-E in patients with non-del(5q) and del(5q) MDS without additional effect of ESA/G-CSF. The identified predictors of response may guide application of lenalidomide in lower-risk MDS in the era of precision medicine. (EudraCT 2008-002195-10).
This nationwide population-based study assessed trends in treatment, trial participation and survival among 1833 adult patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the Netherlands ...between 1989 and 2012 reported to the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients were categorized into four periods and five age groups (18-24, 25-39, 40-59, 60-69 and ⩾70 years). The application of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), particularly reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) alloSCT, increased over time up to age 70 years. The inclusion rate in the trials was 67, 66, 55, 58 and 0% for the five age groups. Survival improved over time for patients below 70 years. Five-year relative survival in the period 2007-2012 was 75, 57, 37, 22 and 5% for the five age groups. In that same period, 5-year overall survival among patients aged 18-39 years was 68% for the chemotherapy-alone group and 66% for the alloSCT group. For patients aged 40-69 years, the corresponding estimates were 24 and 41%. Pronounced survival improvement observed among patients aged 18-39 years might mainly be explained by implementation of pediatric-based regimens since 2005, whereas among patients aged 40-69 years, increased application of RIC-alloSCT has contributed significantly to the observed improvement. Outcome of patients aged ⩾70 remains unsatisfactory, indicating a need for specific trials for the elderly.
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