Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a skin disease characterized by recurrent nodules or abscesses and chronic suppurating lesions. In the absence of clear pathophysiology, HS is considered to be an ...inflammatory disease and has no satisfactory medical treatment. Recently, prolonged antimicrobial treatments were shown to improve or resolve HS lesions. We prospectively studied the microbiology of 102 HS lesions sampled from 82 patients using prolonged bacterial cultures and bacterial metagenomics on 6 samples. Staphylococcus lugdunensis was cultured as a unique or predominant isolate from 58% of HS nodules and abscesses, and a polymicrobial anaerobic microflora comprising strict anaerobes, milleri group streptococci, and actinomycetes was found in 24% of abscesses or nodules and in 87% of chronic suppurating lesions. These data show that bacteria known to cause soft tissue and skin infections are associated with HS lesions. Whether these pathogens are the cause of the lesions or are secondary infectious agents, these findings support targeted antimicrobial treatment of HS.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Alcoholism is a complex and dynamic disease, punctuated by periods of abstinence and relapse, and influenced by a multitude of vulnerability factors. Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is ...associated with cognitive deficits, ranging from mild to severe, in executive functions, memory, and metacognitive abilities, with associated impairment in emotional processes and social cognition. These deficits can compromise efforts in initiating and sustaining abstinence by hampering efficacy of clinical treatment and can obstruct efforts in enabling good decision making success in interpersonal/social interactions, and awareness of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. Despite evidence for differences in recovery levels of selective cognitive processes, certain deficits can persist even with prolonged sobriety. Herein is presented a review of alcohol‐related cognitive impairments affecting component processes of executive functioning, memory, and the recently investigated cognitive domains of metamemory, social cognition, and emotional processing; also considered are trajectories of cognitive recovery with abstinence. Finally, in the spirit of critical review, limitations of current knowledge are noted and avenues for new research efforts are proposed that focus on (i) the interaction among emotion–cognition processes and identification of vulnerability factors contributing to the development of emotional and social processing deficits and (ii) the time line of cognitive recovery by tracking alcoholism's dynamic course of sobriety and relapse. Knowledge about the heterochronicity of cognitive recovery in alcoholism has the potential of indicating at which points during recovery intervention may be most beneficial.
We review alcohol‐related cognitive impairments affecting component processes of executive functioning, memory, and the recently investigated cognitive domains of metamemory, social cognition, and emotional processing. Also considered are trajectories of cognitive recovery with abstinence. Knowledge about the heterochronicity of cognitive recovery in alcoholism has the potential of indicating at which points during recovery intervention may be most beneficial.
L’article explore les mobilisations contre les violences policières en Russie depuis le début des années 2000. Des secteurs de la société civile ont cherché à peser sur les processus législatifs de ...réforme de l’institution policière tout en tentant de tirer parti de la mise en place de dispositifs de coopération avec les administrations pour exercer des formes de contrôle civique sur les lieux de détention. Parallèlement plusieurs associations ont adopté des méthodes spécifiques pour obtenir la traduction en justice et la condamnation de policiers auteurs de violence.
Dans le cadre de l’agrandissement du port de Dunkerque, plus de 170 hectares de la plaine maritime ont été explorés sur la future « Zone Grande Industrie », dans l’ancien estuaire de la Denna (ou ...Déna, ou L’Enna), sous-bassin du petite fleuve côtier Aa. Le diagnostic d’archéologie préventive classique par ouverture de tranchées a été accompagnée de recherches en archives, de prospections géophysiques, de levés géomorphologiques en sondages en puits (profonds de 3 m) et en coupes. L’intégration des études de nature différente permet d’aboutir à une compréhension du secteur meilleure que ne l’eût fait chaque discipline séparément. Les dépôts sont essentiellement des sables tidaux recoupés par des chenaux de marée. Les décimètres supérieurs sont parfois plus limoneux. Les mesures de conductivité apparente permettent de spatialiser les données lithostratigraphiques ponctuelles. Leur confrontation, ainsi que des indices venant du réseau parcellaire, permet la mise en évidence d’un bord ouest de l’estuaire, contemporain d’occupations humaines. De même, la confrontation des vestiges archéologiques levés lors du diagnostic avec une zonation basée sur la géophysique et la stratigraphie permet d’appréhender l’évolution du paysage, notamment l’expansion et la contraction de l’habitat du secteur, depuis les premières interventions aux environs des X
e
–XII
e
siècles sur la bordure ouest de l’estuaire. Depuis ce dernier, l’habitat a progressé vers le nord-est, jusqu’à un bras de la Denna resté longtemps actif et dont l’axe correspond au système de drainage actuel. La cartographie de conductivité électrique permet également de mettre en évidence des anomalies qui se sont révélées être de larges et profondes structures anthropiques (jusqu’à environ 40 m de diamètre et plus de 5 m de profondeur, soit −2,5 m sous la cote zéro). Bien que nombreuses, ces structures peuvent passer facilement inaperçues lors des diagnostics archéologiques. Plusieurs ont été testées. Leur remplissage est variable mais présente comme point commun une étanchéification du fond et des parois par des mottes d’argile. Ces structures sont interprétées comme des mares endiguées dont quelques exemples subsistent sur la côte de la mer du Nord (en Frise, en Zélande et en Allemagne). Elles permettaient de recueillir l’eau douce et leur couronne de remblais en élévation s’élevaient au-dessus des plus fortes marées.
As part of the expansion of the port of Dunkirk, more than 170 hectares of the maritime plain were explored on the future “Zone de Grande Industrie” (heavy industrie area) in the former estuary of the Denna (or Déna, or L’Enna) river, sub-catchment of the small coastal Aa river. The usual preventive archaeological diagnosis by trial trenches was accompanied by an archival research, a geophysical survey and geomorphological surveys (cross-sections and 3 m deep test pits). The integration of the different results leads to an understanding of the sector better than each discipline would have done separately. The first meters of deposits consist of tidal sands intersected by tidal channels. The upper decimeters are possibly siltier. The apparent conductivity survey allows spatializing the lithostratigraphic data. Their combination, as well as information from the ancien cadastre, highlight a state of the western edge of the estuary, contemporary with human occupations. In the same way, combination of archaeological remains collected during the survey with the geophysical/stratigraphical data allows to understand the evolution of that landscape, along with the expansion and contraction of dwellings, since the first remains around the X
th
–XII
th
century on the western edge of the estuary. From that, dwellings move to the northeast, to a long time active channel of the Denna which its axis corresponds to the current drainage system. The electrical conductivity survey also revealed anomalies that turned out to be broad and deep anthropogenic features (up to about 40 m in diameter and more than 5 m deep,
i.e.
−2.5 m below mean water level). Although abundant, these structures can easily be unnoticed by trial trenches. Three structures were tested. Their filling is variable but has a common point to be sealed on the bottom and to have walls made with clumps of clay. These features are interpreted as diked ponds, some examples remain on the coast of the North Sea (Friesland, Zeeland and Germany). They were used to collect fresh water while the surrounding shape embankment was used to protect it from the highest tides.
Les espaces de coworking Le Nadant, Anne-Laure; Marinos, Clément; Krauss, Gerhard
Revue française de gestion,
09/2018, Letnik:
44, Številka:
272
Journal Article, Magazine Article
Recenzirano
Cette recherche étudie le rôle des différents types de proximité dans les dynamiques collaboratives des espaces de coworking. À partir d’entretiens avec des acteurs des espaces de
coworking
situés ...dans des villes petites et moyennes, l’étude met en évidence que la proximité géographique ne suffit pas pour générer des collaborations et que d’autres formes de proximité sont nécessaires. Elle révèle aussi que la proximité électronique est importante pour s’affranchir des distances et que la proximité d’opportunité favorise la collaboration interorganisationnelle.
This research studies the role of different types of proximities in collaborative dynamics of coworking spaces. Based on qualitative interviews with the actors of coworking spaces located in small and medium-sized cities, the study shows that geographic proximity is not enough to generate collaborations and that other forms of proximities are required. It also reveals that electronic proximity is important to overcome distances and that opportunity proximity favors inter-organizational collaboration.
Otto Warburg observed a peculiar phenomenon in 1924, unknowingly laying the foundation for the field of cancer metabolism. While his contemporaries hypothesized that tumor cells derived the energy ...required for uncontrolled replication from proteolysis and lipolysis, Warburg instead found them to rapidly consume glucose, converting it to lactate even in the presence of oxygen. The significance of this finding, later termed the Warburg effect, went unnoticed by the broader scientific community at that time. The field of cancer metabolism lay dormant for almost a century awaiting advances in molecular biology and genetics, which would later open the doors to new cancer therapies 2, 3.
Le recours aux indicateurs transforme les manières de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre les pratiques évaluatives au cœur des politiques publiques, notamment territoriales. À cette échelle, ...l’évaluation est de plus en plus centrée sur la mesure d’impacts. Or cette dernière, s’écarte des formes pluralistes de l’évaluation qui, inscrites dans une perspective compréhensive, se nourrissent de chiffres et de lettres. L’article interroge chacune de ces manières de faire de « l’évaluation ».
Working memory is integral to a range of critical cognitive functions such as reasoning and decision‐making. Although alterations in working memory have been observed in neurodivergent populations, ...there has been no review mapping how cognitive load is measured in common neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dyslexia. This scoping review explores the neurophysiological measures used to study cognitive load in these specific populations. Our findings highlight that electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are the most frequently used methods, with a limited number of studies employing functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs), magnetoencephalography (MEG) or eye‐tracking. Notably, eye‐related measures are less commonly used, despite their prominence in cognitive load research among neurotypical individuals. The review also highlights potential correlates of cognitive load, such as neural oscillations in the theta and alpha ranges for EEG studies, blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses in lateral and medial frontal brain regions for fMRI and fNIRS studies and eye‐related measures such as pupil dilation and blink rate. Finally, critical issues for future studies are discussed, including the technical challenges associated with multimodal approaches, the possible impact of atypical features on cognitive load measures and balancing data richness with participant well‐being. These insights contribute to a more nuanced understanding of cognitive load measurement in neurodivergent populations and point to important methodological considerations for future neuroscientific research in this area.
This scoping review provides the first evidence map of neurophysiological measures for cognitive load in ADHD, ASD and dyslexia. It shows EEG and fMRI as the dominant techniques, whereas eye‐tracking is underutilized. The study identifies key correlates such as neural oscillations in the theta and alpha ranges, BOLD responses in frontal brain regions and eye‐related measures such as pupil dilation and blink rate. Technical and ethical considerations for future research are highlighted.
L’urbanisation croissante de ces dernières décennies et l’augmentation de la densité populationnelle ont fortement contribué à diminuer les contacts des populations avec la nature. En réaction à ce ...phénomène, la considération accordée à la place de la nature dans l’espace urbain n’a cessé de croître, confortée par une demande sociale d’un environnement urbain plus vert. L’évaluation d’impact sur la santé est une démarche qui a pour but d’anticiper les conséquences sur la santé de politiques, projets, ou lois, avant leur mise en œuvre et de suggérer des réajustements afin de limiter les impacts négatifs et renforcer les impacts positifs. Elle se développe en France depuis 2010 et concerne majoritairement les projets d’aménagements urbains au sein desquels la restructuration des espaces verts constitue un enjeu important. Cet article interroge la capacité de l’EIS à influencer les choix d’aménagement urbain et faire des politiques plus vertes, plus équitables et plus favorables à la santé.
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