It has been argued that ‘successful aging’ should be inclusive of a dynamic perspective that incorporates context, social influences, and social structure. Previous research has acknowledged that ...transitions in work and family life have implications for health and wellbeing. However, such transitions have typically been explored independently and there is a need for collective exploration. This systematic review of studies aimed to identify transitions that have been commonly investigated and synthesize the relationship between work and family-life transitions on health outcomes. Searches were conducted across five electronic databases: ASSIA, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science and 78 studies were included. Studies investigated bereavement (
n
= 22), employment (
n
= 21), parenthood (
n
= 20), marital (
n
= 10), or multiple (
n
= 5) transitions. It was found that the majority of health outcomes were mental health-related (
n
= 46), with a lack of evidence surrounding other health outcomes, including non-communicable diseases (
n
= 2), general/functional health (
n
= 3), multiple conditions (
n
= 16), and health behaviors (
n
= 11). The NIH Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality. Studies were rated as good (
n
= 47), fair (
n
= 25) and poor (
n
= 6). It was identified that regardless of the specificity of the transition, many transitions resulted in a temporary decline in health. Such findings suggest that, according to a Life Course Theory approach, each life transition may have lasting implications that contribute to an individual’s overall developmental trajectory. Consequently, there is a need for studies of transitions and outcomes that focus on specific indicators of physical health or the inclusion of multidimensional instruments of health-related qualities.
These studies compared three genetically distinct mosquito densoviruses Aedes aegypti (AeDNV), Hemagogus equinus (HeDNV), and Aedes Peruvian (APeDNV) densoviruses in a laboratory investigation to ...begin to evaluate their potential as mosquito control agents. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for quantification of viral genomes and a standardized mosquito infection protocol were developed. Mortality associated with exposure to AeDNV increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum mortality of 75.1% occurring in those organisms exposed to the highest dose of virus. The majority of death occurred as larvae. Similar results were observed with AeDNV produced from ground larvae and AeDNV produced from cell culture. Exposure of mosquitoes to HeDNV and APeDNV resulted in lower mortality, with values peaking at 33.5% for HeDNV and 27.8% for APeDNV. AeDNV-exposed larvae develop at a slower rate than nonexposed and HeDNV- and APeDNV-exposed larvae. Decreased virulence does not reflect a decrease in virus replication. PCR analysis of infectivity rates and titers in adults revealed reproduction of all three viruses, with an average viral titer of ≈10 logs/mosquito after exposure to the highest dose of each virus. Accumulation of virus in the larval-rearing water was also observed with values approaching 10–11 logs/ml for each virus. These data indicate that there are dramatic differences in the pathogenicity among mosquito densoviruses.
Although the importance of occupational burnout for sleep has long been recognized, it is largely examined as an individual phenomenon. Because a majority of adults in the U.S. share the bedroom with ...their partner, the current study examines the role of occupational burnout in understanding the link between self-control and sleep disturbance in close relationships. Data from 96 married couples were analyzed using the actor–partner interdependence mediation model. Both husbands’ and wives’ self-control (predictor) were linked to their levels of occupational burnout (mediator), and to husbands’ sleep disturbance (outcome) through husbands’ occupational burnout. Neither husbands’ or wives’ self-control nor occupational burnout scores related to wives’ sleep disturbance. Findings from the current study identify burnout management in husbands as a potential nonpharmacological alternative approach to treating sleep disorders and emphasizes the need to examine predictors of sleep in a relational context.
The reservoir for zoonotic o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) has remained unknown since this virus was first recognized in Uganda in 1959. Building on existing evidence for mosquito blood-feeding on various ...frugivorous bat species in Uganda, and seroprevalence for arboviruses among bats in Uganda, we sought to assess if serum samples collected from bats in Uganda demonstrated evidence of exposure to ONNV or the closely related zoonotic chikungunya virus (CHIKV). In total, 652 serum samples collected from six bat species were tested by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for neutralizing antibodies against ONNV and CHIKV. Forty out of 303 (13.2%) Egyptian rousettes from Maramagambo Forest and 1/13 (8%) little free-tailed bats from Banga Nakiwogo, Entebbe contained neutralizing antibodies against ONNV. In addition, 2/303 (0.7%) of these Egyptian rousettes contained neutralizing antibodies to CHIKV, and 8/303 (2.6%) contained neutralizing antibodies that were nonspecifically reactive to alphaviruses. These data support the interepidemic circulation of ONNV and CHIKV in Uganda, although Egyptian rousette bats are unlikely to serve as reservoirs for these viruses given the inconsistent occurrence of antibody-positive bats.
