T helper type 1 (Th1) cells perform a critical role in fighting intracellular organisms, and interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) is known to promote a Thl response. This study was conducted to identify whether an ...IL‐12‐independent Th1 reaction is induced by the varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) in human beings. It was found that different intracellular microorganisms could induce IFNγ but not IL‐12 production. Induction of IFNγ production by VZV was associated with IFNα production and phosphorylation of both the signal transducer and activator of transcription‐1 (STAT‐1) and STAT‐4 in lymphocytes. In contrast, Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) induced IL‐12 production in association with STAT‐4 but not STAT‐1 activation. Anti‐IFNα but not anti‐IL‐12 antibodies blocked the VZV‐induced Th1 polarization. A patient with an IL‐12 receptor β1 chain deficiency showed a normal VZV‐ but not a normal BCG‐induced Th1 reaction, further supporting the concept of an IFNα‐mediated, IL‐12‐independent Th1 reaction in response to certain intracellular infections. Identification of the early Th1 polarization induced by IFNα versus IL‐12 in response to specific viruses may enable the development of better therapeutic strategies tailored to different infections.
To determine the prevalence of mitochondrial diseases (MD) in Hong Kong (HK) and to evaluate the clinical characteristics and genetic landscape of MD patients in the region.
This study ...retrospectively reviewed the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of MD patients from participating public hospitals in HK between January 1985 to October 2020. Molecularly and/or enzymatically confirmed MD cases of any age were recruited via the Clinical Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) using relevant keywords and/or International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes under the HK Hospital Authority or through the personal recollection of treating clinicians among the investigators.
A total of 119 MD patients were recruited and analyzed in the study. The point prevalence of MD in HK was 1.02 in 100,000 people (95% confidence interval 0.81-1.28 in 100,000). 110 patients had molecularly proven MD and the other nine were diagnosed by OXPHOS enzymology analysis or mitochondrial DNA depletion analysis with unknown molecular basis. Pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial genome (72 patients) were more prevalent than those in the nuclear genome (38 patients) in our cohort. The most commonly involved organ system at disease onset was the neurological system, in which developmental delay, seizures or epilepsy, and stroke-like episodes were the most frequently reported presentations. The mortality rate in our cohort was 37%.
This study is a territory-wide overview of the clinical and genetic characteristics of MD patients in a Chinese population, providing the first available prevalence rate of MD in Hong Kong. The findings of this study aim to facilitate future in-depth evaluation of MD and lay the foundation to establish a local MD registry.
Two orange, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic bacterial strains devoid of flagella and gliding motility, designated strains KYW371T and KS18 were isolated from a seawater sample and a ...shellfish Ruditapes philippinarum, respectively, collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae; and that strain KYW371T was most closely related to Algibacter mikhailovii LMG 23988T (96.7 % sequence similarity), Pontirhabdus pectinivorans JC2675T (96.3 %), Postechiella marina M091T (95.6 %) and Hyunsoonleella jejuensis CNU004T (95.3 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.8 %) and DNA–DNA relatedness (78.1 %) between strains KYW371T and KS18 indicated that these two strains represented a single species. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain KYW371T were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. MK-6 was the only isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G+C content was 34.8–36.6 mol%. Data from this taxonomic study employing a polyphasic approach suggested that the isolates represent a novel species in a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Marinivirga aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW371T ( = KCTC 23449T = JCM 17452T), and an additional strain of the species is KS18 ( = KCTC 23128 = JCM 16845). Emended descriptions of the genera Hyunsoonleella, Jejuia and Pontirhabdus and the species Hyunsoonleella jejuensis, Jejuia pallidilutea and Pontirhabdus pectinivorans are also proposed.
Topoisomerase IIIβ (Top3β), the only dual-activity topoisomerase in mammals that can change topology of both DNA and RNA, is known to be associated with neurodevelopment and mental dysfunction in ...humans. However, there is no report showing clear associations of Top3β with neuropsychiatric phenotypes in mice. Here, we investigated the effect of Top3β on neuro-behavior using newly generated Top3β deficient (
) mice. We found that
mice showed decreased anxiety and depression-like behaviors. The lack of Top3β was also associated with changes in circadian rhythm. In addition, a clear expression of Top3β was demonstrated in the central nervous system of mice. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) analysis revealed significantly altered connectivity between many brain regions in
mice, including the connectivity between the olfactory bulb and the cerebellum, the connectivity between the amygdala and the olfactory bulb, and the connectivity between the globus pallidus and the optic nerve. These connectivity alterations in brain regions are known to be linked to neurodevelopmental as well as psychiatric and behavioral disorders in humans. Therefore, we conclude that Top3β is essential for normal brain function and behavior in mice and that Top3β could be an interesting target to study neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
개심술시 저체온 체외순환 동안의 혈장 Cortisol 값의 변화 전윤옥; Yoon Ok Jun; 홍성진 ...
Korean journal of anesthesiology,
04/1990, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia and hemodilution is an extremely non- physiologic state. The stress responses to cardiopulmonary bypass were evaluated in open heart surgery by ...measuring the change of plasma cortisol concentration. Patients were anesthetized with fentanyl 20 ug/kg, 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and a supplementary dose of droperidol and halothane. In each case, at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, the hematocrit value was reduced to 25-30% and was maintained around this level during perfusion. Moderate hypothermia was induced to 28-30。C (28.9±1.5。C). Blood samples were obtained after sternotomy, at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, during moderate hypothermia and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay technique. Compared with the pre-cardiopulmonary bypass cortisol value (11.12±2.19 ug/dl), plasma cortisol concentration at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (17.39±5.15 ug/dl) was significantly increased (p<0,05). And during cardiopulmonary bypass, especially during the hypothermia period, the plasma cortisol concentration (19.17±8.09 ug/dl) was significantly increased (p<0.05). After cardiopulmonary bypass, the plasma cortisol concentration (43.0±11.2 ug/dl) was significantly increased when compared with other values (p<0.05). We conclueded that the significant increase of plasma cortisol concentration is secondary to the stress response to cardiopulmonry bypass.
Halothane-N2O-O2 마취전후의 혈액가스분석치의 비교 이종무; Jong Moo Lee; 진수남 ...
Korean journal of anesthesiology,
06/1979, Letnik:
12, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study was designed to investigate the ranges of pH, PaO₂PaCO₂, and SaO₂, before and during halothane-N₂O-O₂-pancuronium anesthesia under controlled ventilation (Vγ: 500-600ml, f: 18-20/min). For ...the study, 25 surgical patients were selected with physical status ASA class I and II and age ranging from 20 to 60 years. Samples of arterial and venous blood werecollected before and during anesthesia, and sent for immediate gas analysis. The arterial blood gas samples before and during anesthesia revealed values within normal limits. After testing, we were able to control the blood gas patterns by ventilation to produce ideal condiitons for patients undergoing anesthesia.
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection characterized by the main symptoms of pneumonia and fever. It is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome ...Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is known to spread via respiratory droplets. We aimed to determine the rate and likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from COVID-19 patients through non-respiratory routes.
Serum, urine, and stool samples were collected from 74 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome was extracted from each specimen and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction performed. CaCo-2 cells were inoculated with the specimens containing the SARS-COV-2 genome, and subcultured for virus isolation. After culturing, viral replication in the cell supernatant was assessed.
Of the samples collected from 74 COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15 serum, urine, or stool samples. The virus detection rate in the serum, urine, and stool samples were 2.8% (9/323), 0.8% (2/247), and 10.1% (13/129), and the mean viral load was 1,210 ± 1,861, 79 ± 30, and 3,176 ± 7,208 copy/μL, respectively. However, the SARS-CoV-2 was not isolated by the culture method from the samples that tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 gene.
While the virus remained detectable in the respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients for several days after hospitalization, its detection in the serum, urine, and stool samples was intermittent. Since the virus could not be isolated from the SARS-COV-2-positive samples, the risk of viral transmission via stool and urine is expected to be low.
The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure in various pathologic and physiologic states. To investigate the effects of the sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced ...hypotension on plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone level, SNP 2.0 ㎎/kg/min was infused to seven unanesthetized rabbits. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured three times; at the start of, 15 and 30 minutes after SNP inusion and 30 minutes after the discontinuation of SNP infusion. The measurement of the plasma renin activity and the serum aldosterone levels during SNP infusion were done by means of radioimmunoassay. The results were as follows: 1) The mean arterial pressure was 117.6±6.9 mmHg at zero time ans decreased significantly to 84.0±19.6mmHg and 72.9±21.6mmHg at 15 and 30 minutes after SNP infusion, respectiely(P<0.01). 2) The heart rate was 124.8±9.3 beats/min at zero time and increased significantly to 139.7±6.4 beats/minute and 155.6±7.9 beats at 15 and 30 minutes after SNP infusion, respectively(P<0.05). 3) The plasma renin activity was 2.31±0.53 ng/ml/hr at zero time and increased significantly to 5.17±1.39 ng/ml/hr and 4.97±1.52 ng/ml/hr in 15 and 30 minutes after SNP infusion, respectively. 4) The serum aldosterone level was 28.8±13.5ng/dl at zero time and increased to 42.3±14.6ng/dl and 39.5±13.9ng/dl at 15 and 30 minutes after SNP infusion and it continued to increase up to 30 minutes after discontinuation of SNP infusion. In conclusion, it was postulated that the plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone level were closely related to the change of the mean arterial pressure and heart rate during SNP-induced hypotension.
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