Since its discovery in 2012, ferroptosis has been well characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides due to the failure of glutathione-dependent antioxidant defenses. It is known as an ...iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, which is distinct from other forms of cell death such as apoptosis and necrosis. Nonetheless, little is known about the ferroptotic agent-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and its role in cell death. Recent studies reveal that the ferroptotic agent-induced ER stress response plays an important role in the cross-talk between ferroptosis and other types of cell death. Ferroptotic agents induce the unfolded protein response and subsequently ER stress-mediated activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway. CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) signaling pathway-mediated p53-independent PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) expression is involved in the synergistic interaction between ferroptosis and apoptosis. This review highlights the recent literature on ferroptotic and apoptotic agent interactions through the ER stress-mediated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP-PUMA pathway and implicates combined treatment to effectively enhance tumoricidal efficacy as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Organic rechargeable batteries, which use organics as electrodes, are excellent candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems because they offer design flexibility due to the rich chemistry ...of organics while being eco‐friendly and potentially cost efficient. However, their widespread usage is limited by intrinsic problems such as poor electronic conductivity, easy dissolution into liquid electrolytes, and low volumetric energy density. New types of organic electrode materials with various redox centers or molecular structures have been developed over the past few decades. Moreover, research aimed at enhancing electrochemical properties via chemical tuning has been at the forefront of organic rechargeable batteries research in recent years, leading to significant progress in their performance. Here, an overview of the current developments of organic rechargeable batteries is presented, with a brief history of research in this field. Various strategies for improving organic electrode materials are discussed with respect to tuning intrinsic properties of organics using molecular modification and optimizing their properties at the electrode level. A comprehensive understanding of the progress in organic electrode materials is provided along with the fundamental science governing their performance in rechargeable batteries thus a guide is presented to the optimal design strategies to improve the electrochemical performance for next‐generation battery systems.
Important organic materials that are explored as electrodes and the various strategies performed to improve their electrochemical properties are introduced. Recent research efforts on organic electrodes are categorized in order of scale, from studies on the substitution of atoms within a molecule and modification of interactions between molecules to electrode‐level tuning.
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the compounds present in the marijuana plant, has anti-tumor properties, but its mechanism is not well known. This study aimed to evaluate the apoptotic action of CBD in ...colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and focused on its effects on the novel pro-apoptotic Noxa-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. CBD experiments were performed using the CRC cell lines HCT116 and DLD-1. CBD induced apoptosis by regulating many pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, of which Noxa showed significantly higher expression. To understand the relationship between Noxa and CBD-induced apoptosis, Noxa levels were downregulated using siRNA, and the expression of apoptosis markers decreased. After ROS production was blocked, the level of Noxa also decreased, suggesting that ROS is involved in the regulation of Noxa, which along with ROS is a well-known pro-apoptotic signaling agents. As a result, CBD induced apoptosis in a Noxa-and-ROS-dependent manner. Taken together, the results obtained in this study re-demonstrated the effects of CBD treatment in vivo, thus confirming its role as a novel, reliable anticancer drug.
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•Our results strongly suggest, for the first time, that CBD can cause Noxa-induced cell death.•CBD induced apoptotic cell death via ROS/Endoplasmic Reticulum stress-regulated Noxa activation in colorectal cancer cells.•These results suggest that CBD has important implications for the potential treatment of human CRC.
Asymptomatic patients with very severe aortic stenosis were randomly assigned to either early valve-replacement surgery or conservative care. At a median of 6 years of follow-up, the composite of ...operative mortality or death from cardiovascular causes occurred less frequently in the early-surgery group.
To develop effective electrocatalytic splitting of acidic water, which is a key reaction for renewable energy conversion, the fundamental understanding of sluggish/destructive mechanism of the oxygen ...evolution reaction (OER) is essential. Through investigating atom/proton/electron transfers in the OER, the distinctive acid–base (AB) and direct‐coupling (DC) lattice oxygen mechanisms (LOMs) and adsorbates evolution mechanism (AEM) are elucidated, depending on the surface‐defect engineering condition. The designed catalysts are composed of a compressed metallic Ru‐core and oxidized Ru‐shell with Ni single atoms (SAs). The catalyst synthesized with hot acid treatment selectively follows AB‐LOM, exhibiting simultaneously enhanced activity and stability. It produces a current density of 10/100 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 184/229 mV and sustains water oxidation at a high current density of up to 20 mA cm−2 over ≈200 h in strongly acidic media.
The surface engineered catalyst of Ni‐Ru@RuOx‐HL accelerates oxygen production via an acid‐based mechanism that involves one oxygen atom from the lattice and one oxygen atom from the electrolyte which boosts oxygen evolution reaction activity. Prohibited direct coupling of lattice oxygens causes durable performance for this catalyst.
The timing of surgery in the context of acute endocarditis associated with valvular failure and large vegetations is controversial. In this randomized trial in South Korea, early surgery was ...associated with fewer clinically significant embolic events than conventional treatment.
Despite advances in medical and surgical treatment, infective endocarditis remains a serious disease that carries a considerable risk of death and morbidity.
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The role of surgery in the treatment of infective endocarditis has been expanding, and current guidelines advocate surgical management for complicated left-sided infective endocarditis.
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Early surgery is strongly indicated for patients with infective endocarditis and congestive heart failure,
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but the indications for surgical intervention to prevent systemic embolism remain to be defined.
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Early identification of patients with large vegetations and a high risk of embolism,
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increased experience with complete excision of infected tissue and valve . . .
Oxygen‐redox‐based cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to the possibility of delivering additional capacity in the ...high‐voltage region. However, they still suffer from not only fast capacity fading but also poor rate capability. Herein, P2‐Na0.75Li0.15Ni0.15Mn0.7O2 is introduced, an oxygen‐redox‐based layered oxide cathode material for SIBs. The effect of Ni doping on the electrochemical performance is investigated by comparison with Ni‐free P2‐Na0.67Li0.22Mn0.78O2. The Na0.75Li0.15Ni0.15Mn0.7O2 delivers a specific capacity of ≈160 mAh g−1 in the voltage region of 1.5–4.6 V at 0.1 C in Na cells. Combined experiments (galvanostatic cycling, neutron powder diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (7Li NMR)) and theoretical studies (density functional theory calculations) confirm that Ni substitution not only increases the operating voltage and decreases voltage hysteresis but also improves the cycling stability by reducing Li migration from transition metal to Na layers. This research demonstrates the effect of Li and Ni co‐doping in P2‐type layered materials and suggests a new strategy of using Mn‐rich cathode materials via oxygen redox with optimization of doping elements for SIBs.
The role of Ni substitution on the structure and electrochemical properties of oxygen‐redox‐based P2‐type Na0.67Li0.22Mn0.78O2 layered cathode materials is investigated. Ni provides not only an increase of the operating voltage and decrease of voltage hysteresis, but also improves the cycling stability by reducing Li migration from transition metal to Na layers.
Recent reports showing the favorable role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke have raised the issue of selecting optimal candidates.
This study, DEFENSE-PFO ...(Device Closure Versus Medical Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale), evaluated whether the benefits of PFO closure can be determined on the basis of the morphologic characteristics of the PFO, as evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography.
Patients with cryptogenic stroke and high-risk PFO were divided between a transcatheter PFO closure and a medication-only group. High-risk PFO included PFO with atrial septal aneurysm, hypermobility (phasic septal excursion into either atrium ≥10 mm), or PFO size (maximum separation of the septum primum from the secundum) ≥2 mm. The primary endpoint was a composite of stroke, vascular death, or Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction-defined major bleeding during 2 years of follow-up.
From September 2011 until October 2017, 120 patients (mean age: 51.8 years) underwent randomization. PFO size, frequency of septal aneurysm (13.3% vs. 8.3%; p = 0.56), and hypermobility (45.0% vs. 46.7%; p > 0.99) were similar between the groups. All PFO closures were successful. The primary endpoint occurred exclusively in the medication-only group (6 of 60 patients; 2-year event rate: 12.9% log-rank p = 0.013; 2-year rate of ischemic stroke: 10.5% p = 0.023). The events in the medication-only group included ischemic stroke (n = 5), cerebral hemorrhage (n = 1), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction-defined major bleeding (n = 2), and transient ischemic attack (n = 1). Nonfatal procedural complications included development of atrial fibrillation (n = 2), pericardial effusion (n = 1), and pseudoaneurysm (n = 1).
PFO closure in patients with high-risk PFO characteristics resulted in a lower rate of the primary endpoint as well as stroke recurrence. (Device Closure Versus Medical Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale DEFENSE-PFO; NCT01550588).
The seemingly simple reaction of Li-O
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batteries involving lithium and oxygen makes this chemistry attractive for high-energy-density storage systems; however, achieving this reaction in practical ...rechargeable Li-O
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batteries has proven difficult. The reaction paths leading to the final Li
2
O
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discharge products can be greatly affected by the operating conditions or environment, which often results in major side reactions. Recent research findings have begun to reveal how the reaction paths may be affected by the surrounding conditions and to uncover the factors contributing to the difficulty in achieving the reactions of lithium and oxygen. This progress report describes the current state of understanding of the electrode reaction mechanisms in Li-O
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batteries; the factors that affect reaction pathways; and the effect of cell components such as solvents, salts, additives, and catalysts on the discharge product and its decomposition during charging. This comprehensive review of the recent progress in understanding the reaction chemistry of the Li-O
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system will serve as guidelines for future research and aid in the development of reliable high-energy-density rechargeable Li-O
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batteries.
This progress report reviews the most recent discoveries regarding Li-O
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chemistry during each discharge and charge process.
A nanohybridization strategy is presented for the fabrication of high performance lithium ion batteries based on redox‐active organic molecules. The rearrangement of electroactive aromatic molecules ...from bulk crystalline particles into molecular layers is achieved by non‐covalent nanohybridization of active molecules with conductive scaffolds. As a result, nanohybrid organic electrodes in the form of a flexible self‐standing paper–free of binder/additive and current collector–are synthesized, which exhibit high energy and power densities combined with excellent cyclic stability.
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