Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is a critical complication in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies or with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus or SARS‑CoV‑2. Although early ...and accurate diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis can maximize clinical outcomes, current diagnostic methods are time-consuming and poorly sensitive. Here, we assess the ability of 2-deoxy-2-
18
F-fluorosorbitol (
18
F-FDS) positron emission tomography (PET) to specifically and noninvasively detect
Aspergillus
infections. We show that
18
F-FDS PET can be used to visualize
Aspergillus fumigatus
infection of the lungs, brain, and muscles in mouse models. In particular,
18
F-FDS can distinguish pulmonary aspergillosis from
Staphylococcus aureus
infection, both of which induce pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients. Thus, our results indicate that the combination of
18
F-FDS PET and appropriate clinical information may be useful in the differential diagnosis and localization of invasive aspergillosis.
During a survey of fungal diversity associated with insects, mud, soil, and freshwater niches in different areas in Korea, nine interesting fungal strains were isolated. Based on their morphological ...characteristics and molecular phylogeny analyses, using a combined data set of β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase (RPB2) sequences, the strains CNUFC AM-44, CNUFC JCW3-4, CNUFC S708, CNUFC WT202, CNUFC AS1-29, CNUFC JCW3-5, CNUFC JDP37, and CNUFC JDP62 were identified as Aspergillus alabamensis, A. floridensis, A. subversicolor, Penicillium flavigenum, P. laevigatum, P. lenticrescens, Talaromyces adpressus, and T. beijingensis, respectively. The strain CNUFC JT1301 belongs to series Westlingiorum in section Citrina and is phylogenetically related to P. manginii. However, slow growth when cultivated on CYA, MEA, CREA is observed and the property can be used to easily distinguish the new species from these species. Additionally, P. manginii is known to produce sclerotia, while CNUFC JT1301 strain does not. Herein, the new fungal species is proposed as P. aquadulcis sp. nov. Eight species, A. alabamensis, A. floridensis, A. subversicolor, P. flavigenum, P. laevigatum, P. lenticrescens, T. adpressus, and T. beijingensis, have not been previously reported in Korea. The present study expands the known distribution of fungal species belonging to the families Aspergillaceae and Trichocomaceae in Korea.
Twenty-four Alternaria strains were isolated from barley grain samples. These strains were screened for the production of mycotoxins on rice medium using thin layer chromatography. All 24 strains ...produced at least one of the five mycotoxins (ALT, AOH, ATX-I, AME, and TeA). Three representative strains, namely EML-BLDF1-4, EML-BLDF1-14, and EML-BLDF1-18, were further analyzed using a new LC–MS/MS-based mycotoxin quantification method. This method was used to detect and quantify Alternaria mycotoxins. We used positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry with multiple reaction mode (MRM) for the simultaneous quantification of various Alternaria mycotoxins produced by these strains. Five Alternaria toxins (ALT, ATX-I, AOH, AME, and TeA) were detected and quantified. Sample preparation included methanol extraction, concentration, and injection into LC–MS/MS. Limit of detection ranged from 0.13 to 4μg/mL and limit of quantification ranged from 0.25 to 8μg/mL.
•All Alternaria strains isolated from Korean barley grains produced mycotoxins in rice kernel medium.•Five Alternaria mycotoxins in rice medium was simultaneously determined by LC/MS/MS.•The LOD and LOQ of mycotoxins ranged from 0.13 to 4μg/mL and 0.25 to 8μg/mL.
Penicillium species are known to be ubiquitous environmental saprophytes. In the survey of diversity of genus Penicillium, seven new records of Penicillium species belonging to section ...Lanata-Divaricata were isolated from freshwater and soil samples collected from different locations in Korea. Based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), β-tubulin (BenA), and calmodulin (CaM) genes, the isolated strains were identified as P. annulatum, P. camponotum, P. echinulonalgiovense, P. globosum, P. limosum, P. onobense, and P. yunnanense, respectively. This study presents detailed phylogenetic analyses and morphological descriptions of these species that contribute to section Lanata-Divaricata in Korea.
Six interesting fungal strains were isolated during a survey of fungal diversity associated with freshwater; these strains were designated as CNUFC YJW2-22, CNUFC MSW11-6-2, CNUFC HRS5-3, CNUFC ...MSW242-6, CNUFC DMW2-2, and CNUFC CPWS-1. Based on a polyphasic approach including phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed space (ITS), large subunit (LSU), beta-tubulin (BenA), and calmodulin (CaM) gene sequences, morphological analyses, the six strains were found to be identical to Acremonium guillematii, Cadophora novi-eboraci, Lectera nordwiniana, Mycoarthris corallina, Talaromyces siamensis, and Tetracladium globosum, respectively. To our knowledge, these are the first records of the rare Lectera, Mycoarthris, and Tetracladium genera in Korea, and the first reports of A. guillematii, C. novi-eboraci, L. nordwiniana, M. corallina, T. siamensis, and Te. globosum in a freshwater environment.
The increasing number of new fungal species described from all over the world along with the use of genetics to define taxa, has dramatically changed the classification system of early-diverging ...fungi over the past several decades. The number of phyla established for non-Dikarya fungi has increased from 2 to 17. However, to date, both the classification and phylogeny of the basal fungi are still unresolved. In this article, we review the recent taxonomy of the basal fungi and re-evaluate the relationships among early-diverging lineages of fungal phyla. We also provide information on the ecology and distribution in
Mucoromycota
and highlight the impact of chytrids on amphibian populations. Species concepts in
Chytridiomycota
,
Aphelidiomycota
,
Rozellomycota
,
Neocallimastigomycota
are discussed in this paper. To preserve the current application of the genus
Nephridiophaga
(
Chytridiomycota
:
Nephridiophagales
)
,
a new type species,
Nephridiophaga blattellae
, is proposed.
We isolated nine fungal strains from different environmental materials collected from different locations during a survey of fungal diversity in Korea. Using molecular phylogenetic analyses and ...morphological characteristics, nine previously undescribed strains were identified and assigned to the species Collariella robusta, Fusicolla acetilerea, Hongkongmyces pedis, Hongkongmyces snookiorum, Mariannaea fusiformis, Metarhizium pemphigi, Pallidocercospora crystallina, Scopulariopsis candida, and Volutella citrinella. Diverse environmental samples may thus be a promising source for isolating and investigating novel fungal species, thus sampling efforts should be increased in future studies. This study also reports identification of some rare fungal species belonging to the genera Hongkongmyces and Pallidocercospora from Korea.
Talaromyces is a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (class Eurotiomycetes, order Eurotiales, family Trichocomaceae). Many species in this genus are known to produce diverse secondary metabolites with ...great potential for agricultural, medical, and pharmaceutical applications. During a survey on fungal diversity in the genus Talaromyces in Korea, six strains were isolated from soil, indoor air, and freshwater environments. Based on morphological, physiological, and multi-locus (ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses, we identified five previously unrecorded species in Korea (T. brevis, T. fusiformis, T. muroii, T. ruber, and T. soli) and a new species (T. echinulatus sp. nov.) belonging to section Talaromyces. Herein, detailed descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic tree are provided.
Two strains, YP344 and YP579 were isolated from soil samples in Pocheon City, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The strains YP344 and YP579 belong to the genus Vishniacozyma and Dioszegia, ...respectively. The molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain YP344 was closely related to Vishniacozyma peneaus. Strain YP344
T
differed by four nucleotide substitutions with no gap (0.70%) in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and 16 nucleotide substitutions with 8 gaps (5.76%) in the ITS region. On the other hand, the strain YP579
T
varied from the type strain of the most closely related species, Dioszegia zsoltii var. zsoltii, by 6 nucleotide substitutions with four gaps (1.64%) in the D1/D2 domain of LSU rRNA gene and 26 nucleotide substitutions with 14 gaps (8.16%) in the ITS region. Therefore, the name Vishniacozyma terrae sp. nov. and Dioszegia terrae sp. nov. are proposed, with type strains YP344
T
(KCTC27988
T
) and YP579
T
(KCTC 27998
T
), respectively.
Three novel fungal species,
sp. nov.,
.
sp. nov., and
.
sp. nov., as well as two new records,
.
and
.
, were found in Cheongyang, Korea, during an investigation of fungal species from invertebrates ...and toads. All species are described here using morphological characters and sequence data from internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA and large subunit of the ribosomal DNA.
is different from other
species by producing chlamydospores.
can be distinguished from other
species by producing abundant yeast-like cells.
is characterized by a variable (subglobose to oblong, applanate to oval, conical and ellipsoidal to pyriform) columellae and grows well at 37 °C. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and LSU rDNA sequences data generated from maximum likelihood and MrBayes analyses indicate that
,
.
, and
.
form distinct lineages in the family Backusellaceae. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic tree, and taxonomic key to the
species present in Korea are provided.
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