The head-tilt/chin-lift (HT/CL) is a simple, routinely used maneuver to open the upper airway. Changes in the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) before and after the HT/CL maneuver have not been ...evaluated among conscious volunteers who are regarded as a control cohort.
Sixty healthy 20-year-old volunteers (30 males and 30 females) were enrolled. The supine position was defined as the position at which the ear-eye line was at a 10° angle to the horizontal. The HT/CL position was defined as the position at which the ear-eye line was at a 25° angle to the horizontal. PEFR was measured using a hand-held device with the subject in the supine position (pre-PEFR) and HT/CL position (post-PEFR), respectively. One set was defined as these two measurements. Five sets of measurements were performed on each subject (300 sets). The set with the maximal and minimal difference between pre-PEFR and post-PEFR were excluded from the analysis. We used a paired t-test to compare the mean pre-PEFR and post-PEFR values for the entire group and subgroups divided by sex, height, body weight, body mass index and response status.
Overall, 360 measurements (180 sets) were analyzed. The mean pre-PEFR and post-PEFR were 316.1±87.6 and 346.5±94.7 L/min, respectively. Further, significant differences were observed for sex, height, body weight, and body mass index. In 10 subjects, post-PEFR was lower than pre-PEFR.
PEFR increased by 9.6% after the HT/CL maneuver in young conscious subjects, but some subjects showed decreased PEFR after the HT/CL maneuver.
This study aimed to utilize micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） analysis to compare new bone formation in rat calvarial defects using chitosan/fibroin-hydroxyapatite （CFB-HAP） or collagen （Bio-Gide） ...membranes. Fifty-four （54） rats were studied. A circular bony defect （8 mm diameter） was formed in the centre of the calvaria using a trephine bur. The CFB-HAP membrane was prepared by thermally induced phase separation. In the experimental group （n= 18）, the CFB-HAP membrane was used to cover the bony defect, and in the control group （n= 18）, a resorbable collagen membrane （Bio-Gide） was used. In the negative control group （n= 18）, no membrane was used. In each group, six animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were then analysed using micro-CT. There were significant differences in bone volume （BV） and bone mineral density （BMD） （P〈O.05） between the negative control group and the membrane groups. However, there were no significant differences between the CFB-HAP group and the collagen group. We concluded that the CFB-HAP membrane has significant potential as a guided bone regeneration （GBR） membrane.
A graph \(H\) is said to be common if the number of monochromatic labelled copies of \(H\) in a \(2\)-colouring of the edges of a large complete graph is asymptotically minimized by a random ...colouring. It is well known that the disjoint union of two common graphs may be uncommon; e.g., \(K_2\) and \(K_3\) are common, but their disjoint union is not. We investigate the commonality of disjoint unions of multiple copies of \(K_3\) and \(K_2\). As a consequence of our results, we obtain an example of a pair of uncommon graphs whose disjoint union is common. Our approach is to reduce the problem of showing that certain disconnected graphs are common to a constrained optimization problem in which the constraints are derived from supersaturation bounds related to Razborov's Triangle Density Theorem. We also improve bounds on the Ramsey multiplicity constant of a triangle with a pendant edge and the disjoint union of \(K_3\) and \(K_2\).
In the problem \({\rm Mix}(H)\) one is given a graph \(G\) and must decide if the Hom-graph \({\rm {\bf Hom}}(G,H)\) is connected. We show that if \(H\) is a triangle-free reflexive graph with at ...least one cycle, \({\rm Mix}(H)\) is \({\rm coNP}\)-complete. The main part of this is a reduction to the problem \({\rm NonFlat}({\rm{\bf H}})\) for a simplicial complex \({\rm{\bf H}}\), in which one is given a simplicial complex \({\rm{\bf G}}\) and must decide if there are any simplicial maps \(\phi\) from \({\rm{\bf G}}\) to \({\rm{\bf H}}\) under which some \(1\)-cycles of \({\rm{\bf G}}\) maps to homologically non-trivial cycle of \({\rm{\bf H}}\). We show that for any reflexive graph \(H\), if the clique complex \({\rm{\bf H}}\) of \(H\) has a free, non-trivial homology group \(H_1({\rm{\bf H}})\), then \({\rm NonFlat}({\rm{\bf H}})\) is \({\rm NP}\)-complete.
Crosslinked gelatin nanofibers are one of the widely used scaffolds for soft tissue engineering. However, modifying the biodegradation rate of chemically crosslinked gelatin is necessary to ...facilitate cell migration and tissue regeneration. Here, we investigated the optimal electron beam (e-beam) irradiation doses with biodegradation behavior on changes in the molecular weight, morphology, pore structure, and cell proliferation profiles of electrospun nanofibrous gelatin sheets.
The molecular weights of uncrosslinked gelatin nanofibers were measured using gel permeation chromatography. The morphology and pore structure of the gelatin scaffolds were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and a porosimeter. Biodegradation tests were performed in phosphate-buffered saline solutions for 4 weeks. Cell proliferation and tissue regeneration profiles were examined in fibroblasts using WST-1 assays and hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Crosslinked gelatin nanofiber sheets exposed to e-beam irradiation over 300 kGy showed approximately 50% weight loss in 2 weeks. Gelatin scaffolds exposed to e-beam irradiation at 100-200 kGy showed significantly increased cell proliferation after 7 days of incubation.
These findings suggested that the biodegradation and cell proliferation rates of gelatin nanofiber scaffolds could be optimized by varying e-beam irradiation doses for soft tissue engineering.
물레고동 섭취 후 발생한 테트라민 중독 2례 김소은; So Eun Kim; 이재백 ...
대한임상독성학회지,
06/2016, Letnik:
14, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Some carnivorous gastropods have heat stable tetramine toxins in their salivary glands. This toxin is an autonomic ganglionic blocking agent that enables them to catch the prey easily by paralyzing ...their targets. Acute tetramine toxin poisoning in humans from eating whelks has been well described based on numerous cases, but is rare in Korea. Symptoms of tetramine poisoning include eyeball pain, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscular twitching, tingling of hands and feet, weakness, paralysis and sometimes collapse. Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting can also occur. However, intoxication is self-limiting and patients will usually recover in about 24 hours. Herein, we report 2 cases of tetramine poisoning after ingestion of Buccinum striatissinum as meat and soup.
Purpose: Acute endosulfan poisoning is rare but causes significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study is to describe complications and features of seizure and determine factors associated ...with mortality in acute endosulfan poisoning. Methods: Twenty-eight adult patients with acute endosulfan poisoning admitted to our emergency department during a 15-year period were studied retrospectively. The clinical features of seizure, use of antiepileptic drugs during seizure, and hospital courses were evaluated. Clinical factors between survived group and non-survived group were compared for identification of factors associated with mortality. Results: Of the 28 patients with endosulfan poisoning, 4 patients (14.3%) died and 15 (53.6%) patients developed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Thirteen patients (46.4%) and 5 patients (17.9%) progressed to status epilepticus (SE) and refractory status epilepticus (RSE), respectively. SE and RSE were associated with mortality. Almost all significant complications including shock, acute renal failure, hepatic toxicity, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiac injury developed in SE and RSE patients. Conclusion: SE and RSE were important contributors to death in endosulfan poisoning. Emergency physicians treating endosulfan poisoning should make an effort not to progress seizure following endosulfan poisoning to SE and RSE using a rapid and aggressive antiepileptic drug.
Muscular weakness affecting predominantly the proximal limb muscles and neck flexors is the cardinal feature of intermediate syndrome with cranial nerve palsies occasionally accompanied. Following ...acute cholinergic phase of organophosphate poisoning (OPP), only a few isolated cases of vocal cord paralysis have been reported in the past. We describe a case of bilateral vocal cord paralysis which occurred in the wake of a clinical recovery from acute cholinergic crisis in OPP.
A 32-year-old woman presented with severe cholinergic crisis after ingestion of an unknown amount of dichlorvos in a suicide attempt. The patient was improved from cholinergic crisis by administration of antidotes. On day 4, she complained of progressive dyspnea and dysphonia after removal of the endotracheal tube. Needle electromyography for neuromuscular confirmation was normal. However, laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) findings were consistent with bilateral laryngeal paralysis suggesting the vagus nerve involvement. Her vocal cord movements were restored to near normal with time and she was discharged on the 20th day after admission.
Physicians should account for the neurotoxic effects of organophosphate poisoning during the first line management of exposed patients. Isolated bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) should be excluded as a cause, if dysphonia or respiratory distress occurs after extubation in patients with intermediate syndrome. LEMG in such cases can be an important diagnostic adjunct.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aorta is the most common major thoracic artery injured by blunt chest trauma. Injuries to major aortic arch branch arteries can also occur but are much less common than aortic injuries in the ...setting of blunt trauma. Although internal mammary artery (IMA) injury is uncommon and rarely diagnosed in cases of blunt chest trauma, it is one of the important sources of bleeding in chest trauma. IMA bleeding can cause ongoing blood loss and may lead to serious conditions such as extensive hemothorax, anterior mediastinal hematoma or its catastrophic complication, cardiac tamponade. However such arotic and branch artery injuries are not easily detected by plain radiograph, and are detected indirectly because of associated mediastinal hematoma. Herein, we report a case of IMA injury caused by blunt chest trauma secondary to pedestrian traffic accident. The injured patient was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). (J Trauma Inj 2012;25:296-299)
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