Video completion is used for repairing damaged or missing data in a video sequence. This paper proposes a video completion method using robust motion estimation and color compensation. The proposed ...method consists of three steps: motion estimation, source patch search, and color assignment. If an input video contains brightness change, existing video completion methods give poor results. For overcoming this drawback, we apply two methods: color normalization for motion estimation and source patch search, and color compensation for color assignment. In the first step, we estimate the motion using normalized input video. Then, we search the source patch using normalized color information and motion information extracted in the first step. Finally, color compensation using color transform is used for color assignment. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives better visual results than conventional video completion methods.
Although T cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, it is unclear which subpopulation of T cells contributes to pathogenesis in acute myocardial infarction (MI). ...We studied the immunological characteristics and clinical impact of CD8(+)CD57(+) T cells in acute MI patients. The frequency of CD57(+) cells among CD8(+) T cells was examined in peripheral blood sampled the morning after acute MI events. Interestingly, the frequency of CD57(+) cells in the CD8(+) T-cell population correlated with cardiovascular mortality 6 months after acute MI. The immunological characteristics of CD8(+)CD57(+) T cells were elucidated by surface immunophenotyping, intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Immunophenotyping revealed that the CD8(+)CD57(+) T cells were activated, senescent T cells with pro-inflammatory and tissue homing properties. Because a high frequency of CD8(+)CD57(+) T cells is associated with short-term cardiovascular mortality in acute MI patients, this specific subset of CD8(+) T cells might contribute to acute coronary events via their pro-inflammatory and high cytotoxic capacities. Identification of a pathogenic CD8(+) T-cell subset expressing CD57 may offer opportunities for the evaluation and management of acute MI.
Dysfunction of the virus-specific T cells is a cardinal feature in chronic persistent viral infections such as one caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). In chronic HCV infection, virus-specific ...dysfunctional CD8 T cells often overexpress various inhibitory receptors. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was the first among these inhibitory receptors that were identified to be overexpressed in functionally impaired T cells. The roles of other inhibitory receptors such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) have also been demonstrated in T-cell dysfunctions that occur in chronic HCV patients. Blocking these inhibitory receptors in vitro restores the functions of HCV-specific CD8 T cells and allows enhanced proliferation, cytolytic activity and cytokine production. Therefore, the blockade of the inhibitory receptors is considered as a novel strategy for the treatment of chronic HCV infection.
The tonsils provide defense of the upper aerodigestive tract against pathogens. Although long known to undergo functional changes with age, the precise changes occurring within tonsillar B cell ...populations remain undefined. In the present study, we investigated age-related changes in palatine tonsillar B cell subsets and immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. Palatine tonsils were obtained from forty-two tonsillectomy patients without tonsillitis who were divided into three groups: young children (4–9 years), adolescents (10–19 years), and adults (20–60 years). Tonsillar B cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry. Using expression of CD38 and IgD to define B cell subsets, we found that the frequency of germinal center (GC) B cells in the tonsils was significantly higher, and the frequency of memory B cells lower, in young children as compared to adolescents and adults. Within the GC B cell subsets, adults had a higher frequency of IgA
+
cells and a lower frequency of IgM
+
cells as compared to individuals in the younger age groups. Moreover, young children had a higher frequency of IgG
+
cells in the GC B cell subsets than did individuals in the older age groups. We also observed an abundance of IgM
+
cells among memory B cells and plasmablasts in young children and IgA
+
cells in adults. In summary, the proportion of GC B cells in palatine tonsillar B cells decreases with age, while the proportion of memory B cells increases with age. In addition, Ig isotypes in tonsils preferentially switch from IgM to IgA as individuals age.
Acute hepatitis A (AHA) and acute hepatitis B (AHB) are caused by an acute infection of the hepatitis A virus and the hepatitis B virus, respectively. In both AHA and AHB, liver injury is known to be ...mediated by immune cells and cytokines. In this study, we measured serum levels of various cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins in patients with AHA or AHB to identify liver injury-associated cytokines.
Forty-six patients with AHA, 16 patients with AHB, and 14 healthy adults were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of 17 cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or cytometric bead arrays and analyzed for correlation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.
Interleukin (IL)-18, IL-8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were significantly elevated in both AHA and AHB. IL-6, IL-22, granzyme B, and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) were elevated in AHA but not in AHB. In both AHA and AHB, the serum level of CXCL10 significantly correlated with the peak ALT level. Additionally, the serum level of granzyme B in AHA and the serum level of sFasL in AHB correlated with the peak ALT level.
We identified cytokines and T-cell cytotoxic proteins associated with liver injury in AHA and AHB. These findings deepen the existing understanding of immunological mechanisms responsible for liver injury in acute viral hepatitis.
Genital papilloma is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and recurs frequently. Although T cells are known to play a critical role in the control of HPV infection and papilloma ...development, the function and phenotype of these cells in the lesion remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the function and phenotype of CD4
+
T cells isolated from the lesions of primary (
n
= 9) and recurrent (
n
= 11) genital papillomas. In recurrent papillomas, the frequency of proliferating (Ki-67
+
) CD4
+
T cells was significantly reduced compared with primary papillomas. Cytokine production was evaluated by intracellular cytokine staining in anti-CD3/anti-CD28-stimulated CD4
+
T cells. CD4
+
T cells from recurrent lesions showed impaired production of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Of interest, the frequency of cytokine-producing CD4
+
T cells significantly correlated with the frequency of Ki-67
+
CD4
+
T cells. We also studied expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1), a T-cell exhaustion marker. The frequency of PD-1
+
CD4
+
T cells was significantly increased in recurrent lesions and inversely correlated with the frequency of cytokine-producing CD4
+
T cells. The functional significance of PD-1 expression was determined in blocking assays with anti-PD-L1, which restored cytokine production of CD4
+
T cells from recurrent lesions. Taken together, in recurrent genital papilloma lesions, proliferation, and cytokine production by CD4
+
T cells are impaired and the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is responsible for the functional impairment of CD4
+
T cells.
Although T cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, it is unclear which subpopulation of T cells contributes to pathogenesis in acute myocardial infarction (MI). ...We studied the immunological characteristics and clinical impact of CD8 super(+)CD57 super(+) T cells in acute MI patients. The frequency of CD57 super(+) cells among CD8 super(+) T cells was examined in peripheral blood sampled the morning after acute MI events. Interestingly, the frequency of CD57 super(+) cells in the CD8 super(+) T-cell population correlated with cardiovascular mortality 6 months after acute MI. The immunological characteristics of CD8 super(+)CD57 super(+) T cells were elucidated by surface immunophenotyping, intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Immunophenotyping revealed that the CD8 super(+)CD57 super(+) T cells were activated, senescent T cells with pro-inflammatory and tissue homing properties. Because a high frequency of CD8 super(+)CD57 super(+) T cells is associated with short-term cardiovascular mortality in acute MI patients, this specific subset of CD8 super(+) T cells might contribute to acute coronary events via their pro-inflammatory and high cytotoxic capacities. Identification of a pathogenic CD8 super(+) T-cell subset expressing CD57 may offer opportunities for the evaluation and management of acute MI.Cellular & Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 25 August 2014; doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.74
Although T cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, it is unclear which subpopulation of T cells contributes to pathogenesis in acute myocardial infarction （MI）. ...We studied the immunological characteristics and clinical impact of CD8＋CD57＋ T cells in acute MI patients. The frequency of CD57＋ cells among CD8＋ T cells was examined in peripheral blood sampled the morning after acute MI events. Interestingly, the frequency of CD57＋ cells in the CD8＋ T-cell population correlated with cardiovascular mortality 6 months after acute MI. The immunological characteristics of CD8＋CD57＋ T cells were elucidated by surface immunophenotyping, intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Immunophenotyping revealed that the CD8＋CD57＋ T cells were activated, senescent T cells with pro-inflammatory and tissue homing properties. Because a high frequency of CD8＋CD57＋ T cells is associated with short-term cardiovascular mortality in acute MI patients, this specific subset of CD8＋ T cells might contribute to acute coronary events via their pro-inflammatory and high cytotoxic capacities. Identification of a pathogenic CD8＋ T-cell subset expressing CD57 may offer opportunities for the evaluation and management of acute MI.
Provider: - Institution: Catwalkpictures - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Thursday 13 June 2013 - 21:00 Waagnatie - Hangar 28 - Antwerpen Name of collection : "On The Other Hand" Alaska, ...Medicine man Yup’ik shaman- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Catwalkpictures - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Thursday 13 June 2013 - 21:00 Waagnatie - Hangar 28 - Antwerpen Name of collection : "On The Other Hand" Alaska, ...Medicine man Yup’ik shaman- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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