Objectives/Hypothesis:
To investigate the use of narrow‐band imaging (NBI) endoscopy to detect the appearance of a light crest (LC) on the epithelial surface of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, which is ...suggested to be a distinctive endoscopic finding associated with the presence of adenoid hypertrophy.
Study Design:
Cross‐sectional study.
Methods:
A total of 79 consecutive adults with a high suspicion of malignancy underwent NBI endoscopy and nasopharyngeal biopsy to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the novel endoscopic technique. The degree of correlation between the LC grading and the histologic examinations of lymphoid hyperplasia, including the number of mucin‐producing cells and lymphoid follicles, was then assessed.
Results:
The appearance of an LC on NBI endoscopy correlated with the histologic evidence of lymphoid hyperplasia with a sensitivity of 92.1%, a specificity of 95.1%, a positive predictive value of 94.6%, a negative predictive value of 92.9%, a false‐positive value of 4.9%, a false‐negative value of 7.9%, and an accuracy of 93.7%. The screening performance of NBI endoscopy for the presence of adenoid hypertrophy is significantly superior to that of conventional endoscopy (P =.0003). The LC grading was significantly correlated with the number of mucin‐producing cells and lymphoid follicles (P <.001).
Conclusions:
In NBI endoscopy, observation of an LC on the epithelial surface of the nasopharyngeal mucosa is a highly accurate predictor of the presence of adenoid hypertrophy.
Metastasis at the colostomy site is rare. Most reported patients with such metastases undergo abdominoperineal resection and this kind of metastases happened after a longer period post-cancer ...surgery. In our patient, because it happened during a short interval between rectal cancer surgery and stoma closure, colostomy site metastasis probably occurred owing to ablative cancer cell reflux and seeding from the obstruction during decompressive colostomy rather than local, lymphatic or haematogenous spread. Meticulous histologic analyses to rule out undetected, concomitant polyps and metachronous cancer are very important for patients with obstructive colorectal cancer who undergo decompressive colostomy. The potential risk of colostomy site metastasis during staged surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer remains uncertain; however, the result from this case report raises the question of such a risk for further studies in a greater number of patients.
Objectives/Hypothesis:
This study investigated the association between the results of nasopharyngeal (NPX) biopsies and clinical manifestations in patients with suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma ...(NPC).
Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
Four hundred seventy‐three patients with 512 NPX biopsies were enrolled. The statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate clinical significance and screening performance for suspected NPC.
Results:
The negative rate of all NPX biopsies was 69.7% (345/495), and the majority of the noncancerous group revealed lymphoid hyperplasias (208/345, 60.3%). The three diagnostic capabilities of NPX mass, epistaxis (EPI), neck mass (NM), EPI‐NM, EPI‐NPX mass, NM‐NPX mass, and EPI‐NM‐NPX mass were 0.595, 0.557, 0.735, 0.609, 0.566, 0.748, and 0.600, respectively.
Conclusions:
Although NPX mass, EPI, and NM were significant to identify suspected NPC, the diagnostic capabilities of combining EPI, NM, and NPX were still low. A large number of noncancerous biopsy results were obtained due to lymphoid hyperplasias often being mistaken as NPC. Laryngoscope, 2012
Summary
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease, which is recognized as a common complication of diabetes. ICAM‐1 expression by human ...gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is crucial for regulating local inflammatory responses in inflamed periodontal tissues. However, the effect of P. gingivalis in a high‐glucose situation in regulating HGF function is not understood. The P. gingivalis strain CCUG25226 was used to study the mechanisms underlying the modulation of HGF ICAM‐1 expression by invasion of high‐glucose‐treated P. gingivalis (HGPg). A high‐glucose condition upregulated fimA mRNA expression in P. gingivalis and increased its invasion ability in HGFs. HGF invasion with HGPg induced increases in the expression of ICAM‐1. By using specific inhibitors and short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we have demonstrated that the activation of p38 MAPK and Akt pathways is critical for HGPg‐induced ICAM‐1 expression. Luciferase reporters and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that HGPg invasion increases NF‐κB‐ and Sp1‐DNA‐binding activities in HGFs. Inhibition of NF‐κB and Sp1 activations blocked the HGPg‐induced ICAM‐1 promoter activity and expression. The effect of HGPg on HGF signalling and ICAM‐1 expression is mediated by CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Our findings identify the molecular pathways underlying HGPg‐dependent ICAM‐1 expression in HGFs, providing insight into the effect of P. gingivalis invasion in HGFs.
Summary Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease, which is recognized as a common complication of diabetes. ICAM-1 expression by human ...gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is crucial for regulating local inflammatory responses in inflamed periodontal tissues. However, the effect of P.gingivalis in a high-glucose situation in regulating HGF function is not understood. The P.gingivalis strain CCUG25226 was used to study the mechanisms underlying the modulation of HGF ICAM-1 expression by invasion of high-glucose-treated P.gingivalis (HGPg). A high-glucose condition upregulated fimAmRNA expression in P.gingivalis and increased its invasion ability in HGFs. HGF invasion with HGPg induced increases in the expression of ICAM-1. By using specific inhibitors and short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we have demonstrated that the activation of p38 MAPK and Akt pathways is critical for HGPg-induced ICAM-1 expression. Luciferase reporters and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that HGPg invasion increases NF-kappaB- and Sp1-DNA-binding activities in HGFs. Inhibition of NF-kappaB and Sp1 activations blocked the HGPg-induced ICAM-1 promoter activity and expression. The effect of HGPg on HGF signalling and ICAM-1 expression is mediated by CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Our findings identify the molecular pathways underlying HGPg-dependent ICAM-1 expression in HGFs, providing insight into the effect of P.gingivalis invasion in HGFs. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal disease, afflicting many thousands the world over. Human CCA develops through a multi-step progression model, preceded by the onset of dysplasia in the ...cholangiolar ductal epithelium. An animal model of multi-step carcinogenesis in the biliary tree will enable the study of genetic changes in human CCA, and provide an avenue for chemoprevention strategies. We describe an oral thioacetamide (TAA)-induced model of rat CCA that recapitulates the histologic progression of human CCA. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (n = 170), weighing 350 ± 20 g, were used in this study. Drinking water with TAA 300 mg/l was administered orally, and the liver was harvested and examined histologically at weekly intervals, beginning at 5 weeks after initiation of TAA. Harvested tissues were formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded for morphologic and immunohistochemical studies. Multifocal bile ductular proliferation with intestinal metaplasia (presence of goblet cells) and increasing histologic atypia (biliary dysplasia) was observed by the 9th week of TAA administration. Biliary cytokeratin (CK19)-expressing invasive intestinal-type CCA with stromal desmoplasia was evident at the 16th week, and by the 22nd week, the yield rate for CCAs had increased to 100%. Invasive CCAs preceded the development of hepatic cirrhosis by at least 4 weeks; the earliest incidence of hepatic fibrosis was observed beginning at 20 weeks post-TAA administration. The progression from normal cholangioles to biliary dysplasia to invasive CCA was accompanied by up-regulation of the proto-oncogenes c-met and c-erbB-2, tyrosine kinase receptors over-expressed in human CCAs. The study was terminated at 6 months, at which time no systemic metastases or deaths were observed. Oral administration of TAA in drinking water to male SD rats provides a reproducible animal model for development of CCA with a high yield rate. In particular, the presence of biliary dysplasia beginning at the 9th week, which progresses to invasive CCA, mimics the multi-step model of human CCA. The TAA rat model may serve as a powerful pre-clinical platform for therapeutic and chemoprevention strategies for human CCA.
Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether different body mass index (BMI) values affect lymph node (LN) retrieval and whether such variations influence long–term survival in Asian ...patients.
Method
From January 1995 to July 2003, 645 stage III colon cancer patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were stratified into four groups: Obese (BMI ≧ 27 kg/m
2
), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 27 kg/m
2
), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m
2
), and underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m
2
).
Results
Mean BMI in the cohort was 23.3 kg/m
2
. Mean number of LNs harvested was 23.1, 19.5, 19.8 and 28.1 in the normal, overweight, obese and underweight groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean number of LNs harvested when comparing the overweight and underweight groups to the normal group (
p
= 0.013 and
p
= 0.04, respectively). Females were overrepresented in the underweight group (
p
= 0.011), and patients who had proximal colon cancers were more frequently underweight (
p
= 0.018). The mean number of LNs harvested varied by cases of right hemicolectomy (
p
= 0.009) and proximal cancer location (
p
= 0.009) for different BMI groups. Multivariate analysis showed that underweight, proximal colon cancer, well- or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and stage IIIC cancer were significant variables for adequate LN recovery. BMI was not significantly associated with relapse-free survival (
p
= 0.523) or overall survival (
p =
0.127).
Conclusion
BMI is associated with LN harvest but is not an independent variable in stage III colon cancer survival.
is a major bacterial species implicated in the progression of periodontal disease, which is recognized as a common complication of diabetes. The interleukin (IL)-1β, processed by the NLR family pyrin ...domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, has been identified as a target for pathogenic infection of the inflammatory response. However, the effect of
in a high-glucose situation in the modulation of inflammasome activation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is not well-understood.
strain CCUG25226 was used to study the mechanisms underlying the regulation of HGF NLRP3 expression by the infection of high-glucose-treated
(HGPg).
HGF infection with HGPg increases the expression of IL-1β and NLRP3. We further demonstrated that the upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c by activation of the Akt and p70S6K pathways is critical for HGPg-induced NLRP3 expression. We showed that the inhibition of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) blocks the Akt- and p70S6K-mediated SREBP-1c, NLRP3, and IL-1β expression. The effect of HGPg on HGF signaling and NLRP3 expression is mediated by β1 integrin. In addition, gingival tissues from diabetic patients with periodontal disease exhibited higher NLRP3 and SREBP-1c expression.
Our findings identify the molecular pathways underlying HGPg-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome expression in HGFs, providing insight into the effect of
invasion in HGFs.
Our recent in vitro study showed that extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) stimulated calcium deposition in human periosteal cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the use of ESW could induce new bone ...formation in osteoporotic bone. Using our established osteoporotic goat model, the calcaneus, distal radius and femoral condyle of the left limb were treated with ESW once per month; the contralateral side served as the control. Bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture and dynamic histomorphometric index were evaluated after 9 months. Trabecular BMD of the calcaneus increased significantly by 2.90%. This finding was substantiated by micro-computed tomography findings showing that trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness of the treated calcaneus were enhanced compared with the contralateral control. However, significant difference could not be detected in the other two weight-bearing skeletal sites. Mineral apposition rates of all ESW-treated regions were also consistently higher than those of the control. These findings suggest that ESW treatment could enhance local BMD by inducing new bone formation, yet the effect was more apparent in non-weight-bearing sites.
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