Arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) derived lipids play key roles in initiating and resolving inflammation. Neuro-inflammation is thought to play a ...causal role in perioperative neurocognitive disorders, yet the role of these lipids in the human central nervous system in such disorders is unclear. Here we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify AA, DHA, and EPA derived lipid levels in non-centrifuged cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), centrifuged CSF pellets, and centrifuged CSF supernatants of older adults obtained before, 24 h and 6 weeks after surgery. GAGE analysis was used to determine AA, DHA and EPA metabolite pathway changes over time. Lipid mediators derived from AA, DHA and EPA were detected in all sample types. Postoperative lipid mediator changes were not significant in non-centrifuged CSF (p > 0.05 for all three pathways). The AA metabolite pathway showed significant changes in centrifuged CSF pellets and supernatants from before to 24 h after surgery (p = 0.0000247, p = 0.0155 respectively), from before to 6 weeks after surgery (p = 0.0000497, p = 0.0155, respectively), and from 24 h to 6 weeks after surgery (p = 0.0000499, p = 0.00363, respectively). These findings indicate that AA, DHA, and EPA derived lipids are detectable in human CSF, and the AA metabolite pathway shows postoperative changes in centrifuged CSF pellets and supernatants.
Despite the pivotal role that emotion regulation is thought to occupy for individual and relational wellbeing, emotion regulation in couples has been surprisingly understudied. With a clinical sample ...consisting of 275 couples starting therapy from 2017 to 2022, this study sought to clarify the actor and partner effects of clinical couples' emotion dysregulation on relationship satisfaction. Our results showed that, for partners' emotion dysregulation dimensions, while impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, and limited emotion regulation strategies were negatively predictive of couple relationship satisfaction, nonacceptance of negative emotions had a positive association with relationship satisfaction. Further, compared with other dimensions of emotion dysregulation, female limited emotion regulation strategies were greater predictors of decreased female relationship satisfaction. We also found significant gender differences in partners' emotion dysregulation dimensions and relationship satisfaction. These results show the significance of addressing emotion dysregulation for both partners at intra‐ and inter‐personal levels simultaneously in couple therapy. Notably, the 275 couples in our sample did not report a clinically distressed relationship, though they attended at least one couple therapy session. Clinical implications and directions for future study are discussed.
摘要
尽管情绪调节被认为对个人和关系都起着关键作用，但有关伴侣情绪调节的研究，却令人惊讶的不足。本研究以 275 对在 2017 到 2022 年间参与治疗的伴侣为样本，试图阐明临床伴侣情绪失调对关系满意度的主体和客体效应。我们的研究结果表明，在伴侣的情绪失调维度上，虽然冲动控制困难、缺乏情绪意识和有限情绪调节策略对伴侣关系满意度有负向预测作用，但不接受负面情绪与关系满意度呈正相关。此外，与情绪失调的其他维度相比，女性的有限情绪调节策略是女性关系满意度下降的最大预测因素。我们还发现伴侣双方的情绪失调维度与关系满意度存在显着的性别差异。这些结果表明，在伴侣治疗中，同时处理伴侣双方内在和人际层面情绪失调的重要性。值得注意的是，我们样本中的 275 对伴侣，并没有显示临床困扰程度的关系，尽管他们至少参加了一次伴侣治疗。本文还讨论了研究结果的临床意义与未来研究方向。
This study was designed to assess associations between resource loss related to the 2019 hurricane season, and traumatic event exposure history on individual and relational wellbeing. Further, the ...potential intermediary role of grit was explored. The study was completed with a sample of 240 heterosexual couples who reported living in or near coastal regions in the southeast US, who were at risk of experiencing disaster-related losses during the 2019 hurricane season. A modified actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was fitted using path analysis to test associations between disaster-related loss (incurred in 2019) and prior traumatic event exposure, and the outcome variables of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and attachment behaviors within and across partners, with male and female grit tested as intermediaries. Results showed higher levels of disaster-related loss in 2019 and exposure to prior traumatic events associated significantly with higher levels of PTSS within partners. Higher levels of traumatic event exposure also associated with lower grit within partners. In turn, higher levels of grit associated with higher levels of attachment behaviors and lower levels of PTSS within and across partners. Indirect effects suggested that lower grit may play an intermediary role in the path between higher trauma event exposure history and lower levels of attachment behaviors within partners. Results suggest the primacy of loss in understanding traumatic stress, and further imply the importance of grit as a potential buffer in individual and relational wellbeing.
Cholesterol is a rigid, crystalline, non-polar natural substance that exists in animal blood and cell membranes. Some of its derivatives are known to form ordered liquid crystalline mesophases under ...suitable conditions. In this work, we carefully examined the influence of cholesterol substitution on the characteristics of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-MA-cholesterol) and its corresponding polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-MA-cholesterol) synthesized by both chemical and electrochemical polymerization. We found evidence for an ordered lamellar (smectic-like) structure in the EDOT-MA-cholesterol monomer by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction techniques. The ordered phase was observed to form on cooling from the isotropic melt at about 80 °C. Due to the insulating and bulky cholesterol side group on the EDOT monomer, we found that there was a maximum charge density for electrodeposition at ∼ 0.155 C.cm−2. A series of electrodepositions were performed from 0 to 0.155 C.cm−2 for probing the change of the charge transport with more charges used for the electrodeposition. We found that the impedance increased in the high-frequency range (above 104 Hz) and decreased in the low-frequency range (below 102 Hz). Three equivalent circuit models were proposed for fitting impedance data at different charge densities for a better understanding of the film growth process. The suppressed cyclic voltammogram (CV) of PEDOT-MA-cholesterol showed that the charge storage capability was essentially eliminated in the thickest films. The limited doping of the films was corroborated by their diminished electrochromic behavior, polaron-dominating absorption in UV-vis, overoxidized S 2p X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) signal of electrodeposited films, and proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) of chemically polymerized samples. Dense film morphologies were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIWAXS) indicated the disrupted stacking of conjugated chains, which correlated with the decreased conductivity of the PEDOT-MA-cholesterol films. The measurement of the electrical conductivity gave a value of around 3.30 × 10−6 S.cm−1 which is about six orders of magnitude lower than has been seen in PEDOT (∼3 S.cm-1).
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Abstract
The Taiwanese people are composed of diverse indigenous populations and the Taiwanese Han. About 95% of the Taiwanese identify themselves as Taiwanese Han, but this may not be a homogeneous ...population because they migrated to the island from various regions of continental East Asia over a period of 400 years. Little is known about the underlying patterns of genetic ancestry, population admixture, and evolutionary adaptation in the Taiwanese Han people. Here, we analyzed the whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data from 14,401 individuals of Taiwanese Han collected by the Taiwan Biobank and the whole-genome sequencing data for a subset of 772 people. We detected four major genetic ancestries with distinct geographic distributions (i.e., Northern, Southeastern, Japonic, and Island Southeast Asian ancestries) and signatures of population mixture contributing to the genomes of Taiwanese Han. We further scanned for signatures of positive natural selection that caused unusually long-range haplotypes and elevations of hitchhiked variants. As a result, we identified 16 candidate loci in which selection signals can be unambiguously localized at five single genes: CTNNA2, LRP1B, CSNK1G3, ASTN2, and NEO1. Statistical associations were examined in 16 metabolic-related traits to further elucidate the functional effects of each candidate gene. All five genes appear to have pleiotropic connections to various types of disease susceptibility and significant associations with at least one metabolic-related trait. Together, our results provide critical insights for understanding the evolutionary history and adaption of the Taiwanese Han population.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as powerful anti-cancer agents and are currently being tested for their safety and efficacy in patients. Reovirus (Reolysin), a naturally occurring ...non-pathogenic, double-stranded RNA virus, has natural oncolytic activity and is being tested in phase I–III clinical trials in a variety of tumor types. With its recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) orphan drug designation for several tumor types, Reolysin is a potential therapeutic agent for various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), which have a 5-year survival of ∼55%. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) comprise a structurally diverse class of compounds with targeted anti-cancer effects. The first FDA-approved HDACi, vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid SAHA), is currently being tested in patients with head and neck cancer. Recent findings indicate that HDAC inhibition in myeloma cells results in the upregulation of the Reolysin entry receptor, junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM-1), facilitating reovirus infection and tumor cell killing both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we tested the anti-tumor efficacy of HDAC inhibitors AR-42 or SAHA in conjunction with Reolysin in HNSCCs. While HDAC inhibition increased JAM-1 and reovirus entry, the impact of this combination therapy was tested on the development of anti-tumor immune responses.
Introduction
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative bowel stimulation on the development of postoperative ileus (POI) after loop ileostomy closure.
Methods
This was a ...multicenter, randomized controlled trial (NCT025596350) including adult (≥ 18 years old) patients who underwent elective loop ileostomy closure at 7 participating hospitals. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) using a centralized computer-generated sequence with block randomization to either preoperative bowel stimulation or no stimulation (control group). Bowel stimulation consisted of 10 outpatient sessions within the 3 weeks prior to ileostomy closure and was performed by trained Enterostomal Therapy nurses. The primary outcome was POI, defined as an intolerance to oral food in the absence of clinical or radiological signs of obstruction, on or after postoperative day 3, that either (a) required nasogastric tube insertion; or (b) was associated with two of the following: nausea/vomiting, abdominal distension, or the absence of flatus.
Results
Between January 2017 and November 2020, 101 patients were randomized, and 5 patients never underwent ileostomy closure; thus, 96 patients (47 stimulated vs. 49 control) were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat protocol. Baseline characteristics were well balanced in both groups. The incidence of POI was lower among patients randomized to stimulation (6.4% vs. 24.5%,
p
= 0.034; unadjusted RR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.078–0.87). Stimulated patients also had earlier median time to first flatus (2.0 days (1.0–2.0) vs. 2.0 days (2.0–3.0),
p
= 0.025), were more likely to pass flatus on postoperative day 1 (46.8% vs. 22.4%,
p
= 0.022), and had a shorter median postoperative hospital stay (3.0 days (2.0–3.5) vs. 4.0 days (2.0–6.0),
p
= 0.003).
Conclusions
Preoperative bowel stimulation via the efferent limb of the ileostomy reduced POI after elective loop ileostomy closure.
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