Circular RNA (circRNA) is a closed, single-stranded transcript widely detected in eukaryotes. Recent studies indicate that the levels of circRNAs change with age in various tissues in multiple ...species, ranging from nematodes to mammals. Here we discuss the functional roles of circRNAs in animal aging and longevity. We review studies regarding the differential expression of circRNAs that contributes to cellular senescence and the pathogenesis of aging-associated diseases. We explore the features of aging-associated circRNAs by discussing their potential as biomarkers of aging, tissue specificity, physiological roles, action mechanisms, and evolutionarily conserved characteristics. Our review provides insights into current progress in circRNA research and their significant functions in the aging process.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closed and cyclic RNAs that are widely expressed in eukaryotes and have multiple functions, including interacting with proteins, sponging miRNAs, encoding proteins, and regulating gene expression via binding promoters.The expression patterns and stability of circRNAs have emerged as promising candidate biomarkers of aging and age-associated diseases.The levels of circRNAs generally increase with age in various species and may play roles in aging and cellular senescence.Specifically, ciRS-7/circCDR1as and circSfl are associated with Alzheimer’s disease and fruit fly longevity, respectively.It will be important to identify functional circRNAs to elucidate the underlying mechanisms regarding their roles in aging and/or age-related diseases.
Caenorhabditis elegans is an exceptionally valuable model for aging research because of many advantages, including its genetic tractability, short lifespan, and clear age‐dependent physiological ...changes. Aged C. elegans display a decline in their anatomical and functional features, including tissue integrity, motility, learning and memory, and immunity. Caenorhabditis elegans also exhibit many age‐associated changes in the expression of microRNAs and stress‐responsive genes and in RNA and protein quality control systems. Many of these age‐associated changes provide information on the health of the animals and serve as valuable biomarkers for aging research. Here, we review the age‐dependent changes in C. elegans and their utility as aging biomarkers indicative of the physiological status of aging.
Aging is associated with gradual deterioration of physiological and biochemical functions, including cognitive decline. Transcriptome profiling of brain samples from individuals of varying ages has ...identified the whole-transcriptome changes that underlie age-associated cognitive declines. In this review, we discuss transcriptome-based research on human brain aging performed by using microarray and RNA sequencing analyses. Overall, decreased synaptic function and increased immune function are prevalent in most regions of the aged brain. Age-associated gene expression changes are also cell dependent and region dependent and are affected by genotype. In addition, the transcriptome changes that occur during brain aging include different splicing events, intersample heterogeneity, and altered levels of various types of noncoding RNAs. Establishing transcriptome-based hallmarks of human brain aging will improve the understanding of cognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases and eventually lead to interventions that delay or prevent brain aging.
Magnetic torques generated through spin-orbit coupling
promise energy-efficient spintronic devices. For applications, it is important that these torques switch films with perpendicular magnetizations ...without an external magnetic field
. One suggested approach
to enable such switching uses magnetic trilayers in which the torque on the top magnetic layer can be manipulated by changing the magnetization of the bottom layer. Spin currents generated in the bottom magnetic layer or its interfaces transit the spacer layer and exert a torque on the top magnetization. Here we demonstrate field-free switching in such structures and show that its dependence on the bottom-layer magnetization is not consistent with the anticipated bulk effects
. We describe a mechanism for spin-current generation
at the interface between the bottom layer and the spacer layer, which gives torques that are consistent with the measured magnetization dependence. This other-layer-generated spin-orbit torque is relevant to energy-efficient control of spintronic devices.
Low temperatures delay aging and promote longevity in many organisms. However, the metabolic and homeostatic aspects of low-temperature-induced longevity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that ...lipid homeostasis regulated by Caenorhabditis elegans Mediator 15 (MDT-15 or MED15), a transcriptional coregulator, is essential for low-temperature-induced longevity and proteostasis. We find that inhibition of mdt-15 prevents animals from living long at low temperatures. We show that MDT-15 up-regulates fat-7, a fatty acid desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), at low temperatures. We then demonstrate that maintaining a high UFA/SFA ratio is essential for proteostasis at low temperatures. We show that dietary supplementation with a monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (OA), substantially mitigates the short life span and proteotoxicity in mdt-15(-) animals at low temperatures. Thus, lipidostasis regulated by MDT-15 appears to be a limiting factor for proteostasis and longevity at low temperatures. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of lipid regulation in maintaining normal organismal physiology under different environmental conditions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
has been used as a major model organism to identify genetic factors that regulate organismal aging and longevity. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF- 1) signaling (IIS) regulates aging in many ...species, ranging from nematodes to humans.
is a nonpathogenic genetic nematode model, which has been extensively utilized to identify molecular and cellular components that function in organismal aging and longevity. Here, we review the recent progress in the role of IIS in aging and longevity, which involves direct regulation of protein and RNA homeostasis, stress resistance, metabolism and the activities of the endocrine system. We also discuss recently identified genetic factors that interact with canonical IIS components to regulate aging and health span in
. We expect this review to provide valuable insights into understanding animal aging, which could eventually help develop anti-aging drugs for humans.
Microgrid is becoming an essential part of the power grid regarding reliability, economy, and environment. Renewable energies are main sources of energy in microgrids. Long-term solar generation ...forecasting is an important issue in microgrid planning and design from an engineering point of view. Solar generation forecasting mainly depends on solar radiation forecasting. Long-term solar radiation forecasting can also be used for estimating the degradation-rate-influenced energy potentials of photovoltaic (PV) panel. In this paper, a comparative study of different deep learning approaches is carried out for forecasting one year ahead hourly and daily solar radiation. In the proposed method, state of the art deep learning and machine learning architectures like gated recurrent units (GRUs), long short term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN), feed forward neural network (FFNN), and support vector regression (SVR) models are compared. The proposed method uses historical solar radiation data and clear sky global horizontal irradiance (GHI). Even though all the models performed well, GRU performed relatively better compared to the other models. The proposed models are also compared with traditional state of the art methods for long-term solar radiation forecasting, i.e., random forest regression (RFR). The proposed models outperformed the traditional method, hence proving their efficiency.
Despite substantial progresses, in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), developing zinc metal anodes with long‐term reliable cycling capabilities is nontrivial because of dendritic growth and related ...parasitic reactions on the zinc surface. Here, we exploit the tip‐blocking effect of a scandium (Sc3+) additive in the electrolyte to induce uniform zinc deposition. Additional to the tri‐valency of Sc3+, the rigidity of its hydration shell effectively prevents zinc ions from concentrating at the surface tips, enabling highly stable cycling under challenging conditions. The shell rigidity, quantified by the rate constant of the exchange reaction (kex), is established as a key descriptor for evaluating the tip‐blocking effect of redox‐inactive cations, explaining inconsistent results when only the valence state is considered. Moreover, the tip‐blocking effect of Sc3+ is maintained in blends with organic solvents, allowing the zinc anode to cycle reliably even at −40 °C without corrosion.
In aqueous zinc ion batteries, Sc3+ with low water exchange rate constant (kex) has a dynamically rigid solvation shell, holding onto its spatial occupation and thus preventing zinc ions from concentrating near tips on the zinc metal surface towards indiscriminate dendrite growth. The rigidity of solvation shells of redox‐inactive cations is proposed as a descriptor in determining the tip‐blocking effect.
Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling (IIS) pathway regulates aging in many organisms, ranging from simple invertebrates to mammals, including humans. Many seminal discoveries ...regarding the roles of IIS in aging and longevity have been made by using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which various IIS components regulate aging in C. elegans and D. melanogaster. We also cover systemic and tissue-specific effects of the IIS components on the regulation of lifespan. We further discuss IIS-mediated physiological processes other than aging and their effects on human disease models focusing on C. elegans studies. As both C. elegans and D. melanogaster have been essential for key findings regarding the effects of IIS on organismal aging in general, these invertebrate models will continue to serve as workhorses to help our understanding of mammalian aging. BMB Reports 2016; 49(2): 81-92.
Fiber‐based electronics are essential components for human‐friendly wearable devices due to their flexibility, stretchability, and wearing comfort. Many thermoelectric (TE) fabrics are investigated ...with diverse materials and manufacturing methods to meet these potential demands. Despite such advancements, applying inorganic TE materials to stretchable platforms remains challenging, constraining their broad adoption in wearable electronics. Herein, a multi‐functional and stretchable bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) TE fabric is fabricated by in situ reduction to optimize the formation of Bi2Te3 nanoparticles (NPs) inside and outside of cotton fabric. Due to the high durability of Bi2Te3 NP networks, the Bi2Te3 TE fabric exhibits excellent electrical reliability under 10,000 cycles of both stretching and compression. Interestingly, intrinsic negative piezoresistance of Bi2Te3 NPs under lateral strain is found, which is caused by the band gap change. Furthermore, the TE unit achieves a power factor of 25.77 µWm−1K−2 with electrical conductivity of 36.7 Scm−1 and a Seebeck coefficient of −83.79 µVK−1 at room temperature. The Bi2Te3 TE fabric is applied to a system that can detect both normal pressure and temperature difference. Balance weight and a finger put on top of the 3 × 3 Bi2Te3 fabric assembly are differentiated through the sensing system in real time.
Multi‐functional and stretchable Bi2Te3 TE fabrics are developed as significant components for fiber‐based electronics. The fabrics can sense lateral strain, normal pressure, and temperature with different sensing mechanisms. The facile Bi2Te3 TE fabric‐based electronics pave the way for applying inorganic TE materials as a stretchable form in wearable electronics.
PDF
