Background
Dysbiosis in the gut microbial community might be involved in the pathophysiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The fungal component of the gut microbiome, namely the ...mycobiota, is a hyperdiverse group of multicellular eukaryotes that can influence host intestinal permeability. This study therefore aimed to investigate the impact of fungal mycobiome dysbiosis and intestinal permeability on ADHD.
Methods
Faecal samples were collected from 35 children with ADHD and from 35 healthy controls. Total DNA was extracted from the faecal samples and the internal transcribed spacer regions were sequenced using high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The fungal taxonomic classification was analysed using bioinformatics tools and the differentially expressed fungal species between the ADHD and healthy control groups were identified. An in vitro permeability assay (Caco‐2 cell layer) was used to evaluate the biological effects of fungal dysbiosis on intestinal epithelial barrier function.
Results
The β‐diversity (the species diversity between two communities), but not α‐diversity (the species diversity within a community), reflected the differences in fungal community composition between ADHD and control groups. At the phylum level, the ADHD group displayed a significantly higher abundance of Ascomycota and a significantly lower abundance of Basidiomycota than the healthy control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Candida (especially Candida albicans) was significantly increased in ADHD patients compared to the healthy controls. In addition, the in vitro cell assay revealed that C. albicans secretions significantly enhanced the permeability of Caco‐2 cells.
Conclusions
The current study is the first to explore altered gut mycobiome dysbiosis using the NGS platform in ADHD. The findings from this study indicated that dysbiosis of the fungal mycobiome and intestinal permeability might be associated with susceptibility to ADHD.
This study uses graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) to enhance the Li+‐ion mobility of a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The GPE comprises a framework of ...poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐vinylacetate) blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) and a salt LiPF6 solvated in carbonate solvents. The GOQDs, which function as acceptors, are small (3−11 nm) and well dispersed in the polymer framework. The GOQDs suppress the formation of ion−solvent clusters and immobilize PF6− anions, affording the GPE a high ionic conductivity and a high Li+‐ion transference number (0.77). When assembled into Li|electrolyte|LiFePO4 batteries, the GPEs containing GOQDs preserve the battery capacity at high rates (up to 20 C) and exhibit 100% capacity retention after 500 charge−discharge cycles. Smaller GOQDs are more effective in GPE performance enhancement because of the higher dispersion of QDs. The minimization of both the ion−solvent clusters and degree of Li+‐ion solvation in the GPEs with GOQDs results in even plating and stripping of the Li‐metal anode; therefore, Li dendrite formation is suppressed during battery operation. This study demonstrates a strategy of using small GOQDs with tunable properties to effectively modulate ion−solvent coordination in GPEs and thus improve the performance and lifespan of LIBs.
A polymer framework decorated with graphene oxide quantum dots of gel polymer electrolytes minimizes the ion−solvent clusters that are present in liquid electrolytes for lithium‐ion batteries. The quantum dots function as acceptors to immobilize anions and lower the degree of Li+ solvation, substantially facilitating ion transport in the electrolyte bulk and transfer at the electrode–electrolyte interface.
This study evaluated whether the concentration of biphasic O
(5-2%) promotes the formation of qualified blastocysts (QBs) and euploid blastocysts and the probability of cycles with transferable ...blastocysts. The paired experimental design included a total 90 patients (180 cycles) without euploid blastocysts in previous monophasic O
(5%) cycles were enrolled for an additional cycle of biphasic O
(5-2%). In the biphasic O
(5-2%) group, the QB rate (35.8%, 225/628) was significantly higher than that in the monophasic O
(5%) group (23.5%, 137/582; p < 0.001). In addition, the euploid blastocyst number (0.5 ± 0.8) and the percentage of cycles with transferable blastocysts were significantly higher in the biphasic O
(5-2%) group (57.8%, 52/90) than those in the monophasic O
(5%) group (0 and 35.6%, 32/90, respectively; p < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis also indicated that the QB rate and the probability of cycles with transferable blastocysts correlated with O
tension (OR 1.535, 95% CI 1.325-1.777, and OR 3.191, 95% CI 1.638-5.679, respectively; p < 0.001). Biphasic O
culture can be used as an alternative strategy to increase the euploid QBs and the probability of cycles with transferable blastocysts in patients with a poor prognosis.
Oligosaccharides are one of the most promising biomaterials because they are abundant, renewable, diversified, and biosourced. The use of oligo‐ or polysaccharides for high‐performance non‐volatile ...organic field‐effect‐transistor memory is demonstrated herein. The charge‐storage mechanism is attributed to charged hydroxyl groups that induce stronger hydrogen bonding, thus leading to the stabilization of trapped charges. This study reveals a promising future for green memory devices.
To investigate whether patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) have a higher incidence of stroke.
A population-based retrospective cohort study based on data from the Taiwan National Health ...Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010.
Data were retrospectively collected from the NHIRD. A total of 245 (20.1%) patients with a history of stroke at the time of glaucoma diagnosis were excluded, and 1,218 patients with NTG who were 20 years of age and older were identified. Patients' age, gender and pre-existing comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and disorders of lipid metabolism, were recorded. The propensity score method with a 1:5 matching ratio was used to minimize selection bias. Cox regression with robust variance estimation was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of developing stroke between the NTG and control groups.
After adjusting for patient age, gender, and pre-existing comorbidities, the HR was 6.34, indicating that the incidence of stroke was significantly higher in patients with NTG than in controls. Furthermore, a higher risk of stroke was also found in most subgroups with the above-mentioned comorbidities.
NTG is a significant risk factor for subsequent stroke in most of the described comorbidity subgroups. Early interventions for stroke prevention should be provided to newly diagnosed patients with NTG.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Stem cells have attracted great interest in the development of tissue engineering. However, the self-regeneration and multi-differentiation capabilities of stem cells are easily impaired during cell ...transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated that
(
) seed oil has various positive biological effects. However, it is not yet clear whether
seed oil can increase the growth and differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of
seed oil on the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs. DPSCs with and without
seed oil, respectively, were evaluated and compared. The viabilities of the cells were assessed by MTT tests. The osteogenetic and odontogenetic capacities of the DPSCs were tested using Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. In addition, real-time PCR was performed to examine the gene expression of ALP, BMP-2 and DMP-1. Finally, extracellular matrix vesicle secretion was detected via scanning electron microscopy. No significant difference was observed in the viabilities of the DPSCs with and without
seed oil, respectively. However, under osteogenic and odontogenic induction,
seed oil increased the secretion of mineralized nodules and the ALP activity of the DPSCs (
< 0.05). The ALP gene expression of the differentiation-induced DPSCs was also enhanced. Finally, a greater secretion of extracellular matrix vesicles was detected in the DPSCs following odontogenic induction complemented with
seed oil. Overall, the present results show that
seed oil promotes the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and matrix vesicle secretion of DPSCs.
Three types of magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxides were synthesized and employed as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents to extract several aromatic acids (protocatechuic acid, mandelic ...acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid) from aqueous samples. An interesting feature of these sorbents is that they dissolve when the pH of the solution is lower than 4. Thus, the analyte elution step, as needed in conventional sorbent-based extraction, was obviated by dissolving the sorbent in acid after extraction and separation from the sample solution. The extract was then directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection system for analysis. In the key adsorption process, both dispersive SPE and co-precipitation extraction with the sorbents were conducted and experimental parameters such as pH, temperature, and extraction time were optimized. The results showed that both extraction methods provided low limits of detection (0.03–1.47 μg/L) and good linearity (r 2 > 0.9903). The optimized extraction conditions were applied to human urine and sports drink samples. This new and interesting extraction approach was demonstrated to be a fast and efficient procedure for the extraction of organic anions from aqueous samples.
The phase III AXEPT study showed the noninferiority of modified capecitabine plus irinotecan (mXELIRI) with or without bevacizumab relative to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with ...or without bevacizumab as a second‐line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. We evaluated the associations between the UGT1A1 genotype linked to adverse events—caused by irinotecan—and the efficacy and safety of mXELIRI and FOLFIRI. The UGT1A1 genotype was prospectively determined and patients were categorized into three groups according to WT (*1/*1), single heterozygous (SH; *28/*1 or *6/*1), and double heterozygous or homozygous (DHH; *28/*28, *6/*6, or *28/*6). Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival, response rate, and safety were assessed. The UGT1A1 genotype was available in all 650 randomized patients (WT, 309 47.5%; SH, 291 44.8%; DHH, 50 7.7%). The median OS was 15.9, 17.7, and 10.6 months in the WT, SH, and DHH groups, respectively, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval CI, 1.12‐2.09; P = .008) for DHH vs WT or SH. The median OS in the mXELIRI and FOLFIRI arms was 18.1 vs 14.3 months (HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.62‐1.03) in the WT group, 16.3 vs 18.3 months (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.79‐1.36) in the SH group, and 13.0 vs 9.1 months (HR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.39‐1.31) in the DHH group, respectively. Modified capecitabine plus irinotecan with or without bevacizumab could be a standard second‐line chemotherapy in terms of efficacy and safety regardless of the UGT1A1 genotype.
Capecitabine plus irinotecan (XELIRI) with or without bevacizumab is noninferior to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without bevacizumab in terms of overall survival, regardless of UGT1A1 genotype. Additionally, modified XELIRI with or without bevacizumab showed a favorable tolerability profile that was comparable to that of FOLFIRI with or without bevacizumab among all UGT1A1 genotypes.
The studies concerning clinical implications of TET2 mutation in patients with primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are scarce. We analyzed TET2 mutation in 486 adult patients with primary AML. TET2 ...mutation occurred in 13.2% of our patients and was closely associated with older age, higher white blood cell and blast counts, lower platelet numbers, normal karyotype, intermediate-risk cytogenetics, isolated trisomy 8, NPM1 mutation, and ASXL1 mutation but mutually exclusive with IDH mutation. TET2 mutation is an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics, and its negative impact was further enhanced when the mutation was combined with FLT3-ITD, NPM1-wild, or unfavorable genotypes (other than NPM1+/FLT3-ITD− or CEBPA+). A scoring system integrating TET2 mutation with FLT3-ITD, NPM1, and CEBPA mutations could well separate AML patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics into 4 groups with different prognoses (P < .0001). Sequential analysis revealed that TET2 mutation detected at diagnosis was frequently lost at relapse; rarely, the mutation was acquired at relapse in those without TET2 mutation at diagnosis. In conclusion, TET2 mutation is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics, especially when it is combined with other adverse molecular markers. TET2 mutation appeared to be unstable during disease evolution.
Autophagy is markedly impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we reveal unique autophagy dysregulation within neurons in five AD mouse models in vivo and identify its basis using a neuron-specific ...transgenic mRFP-eGFP-LC3 probe of autophagy and pH, multiplex confocal imaging and correlative light electron microscopy. Autolysosome acidification declines in neurons well before extracellular amyloid deposition, associated with markedly lowered vATPase activity and build-up of Aβ/APP-βCTF selectively within enlarged de-acidified autolysosomes. In more compromised yet still intact neurons, profuse Aβ-positive autophagic vacuoles (AVs) pack into large membrane blebs forming flower-like perikaryal rosettes. This unique pattern, termed PANTHOS (poisonous anthos (flower)), is also present in AD brains. Additional AVs coalesce into peri-nuclear networks of membrane tubules where fibrillar β-amyloid accumulates intraluminally. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization, cathepsin release and lysosomal cell death ensue, accompanied by microglial invasion. Quantitative analyses confirm that individual neurons exhibiting PANTHOS are the principal source of senile plaques in amyloid precursor protein AD models.
PDF
