Metabolomic pathways in food allergy Lee, So‐Yeon; Park, Yoon Mee; Yoo, Hyun Ju ...
Pediatric allergy and immunology,
20/May , Letnik:
35, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Food allergy (FA) is a widespread issue, affecting as many as 10% of the population. Over the past two to three decades, the prevalence of FA has been on the rise, particularly in industrialized and ...westernized countries. FA is a complex, multifactorial disease mediated by type 2 immune responses and involving environmental and genetic factors. However, the precise mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Metabolomics has the potential to identify disease endotypes, which could beneficially promote personalized prevention and treatment. A metabolome approach would facilitate the identification of surrogate metabolite markers reflecting the disease activity and prognosis. Here, we present a literature overview of recent metabolomic studies conducted on children with FA.
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in rats with a spinal cord injury (SCI). A moderate mechanical compression injury was imposed on ...adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The post-injury locomotor functions were assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale and the tissue volume of the injured region was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The pro-inflammatory factors were evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) staining, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways related to inflammatory responses were measured by Western blot assays. UDCA improved the BBB scores and promoted the recovery of the spinal cord lesions. UDCA inhibited the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (iba1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). UDCA decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α, interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the mRNA and protein levels. UDCA increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the mRNA and protein levels. UDCA suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and the p38 signals. UDCA reduces pro-inflammatory responses and promotes functional recovery in SCI in rats. These results suggest that UDCA is a potential therapeutic drug for SCI.
Background Recent evidence suggests that prenatal maternal distress increases the risk of allergic diseases in offspring. However, the effect of prenatal maternal depression and anxiety on atopic ...dermatitis (AD) risk remains poorly understood. Objective We investigated whether prenatal maternal distress is associated with AD risk in offspring and whether the mechanism is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Methods Two general population-based birth cohorts formed the study. One cohort (Cohort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and Allergic Diseases COCOA) consisted of 973 mother-baby dyads, and the other (Panel Study on Korean Children PSKC) consisted of 1531 mother-baby dyads. The association between prenatal distress and AD was assessed by using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models. In COCOA placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and glutathione levels and serum IgE levels in 1-year-old children were measured. Results In COCOA and PSKC AD occurred in 30.6% (lifetime prevalence) and 11.6% (1 year prevalence) of offspring, respectively. Prenatal maternal distress increased the risk of AD in offspring, both in COCOA (hazard ratio for depression, 1.31 95% CI, 1.02-1.69; hazard ratio for anxiety, 1.41 95% CI, 1.06-1.89) and PSKC (odds ratio for distress, 1.85 95% CI, 1.06-3.25). In COCOA both prenatal maternal depression and anxiety scores were positively related to the predicted probability of AD ( P < .001 in both). Prenatal distress decreased placental glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratios ( P = .037) and, especially in those who later had AD, decreased placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 levels ( P = .010) and increased IgE levels at 1 year of age ( P = .005). Conclusion Prenatal maternal depression and anxiety promote risk of AD in offspring. Maternal distress increases the predicted probability of AD. The mechanism might involve chronic stress, abnormal steroid levels, and reactive oxygen species.
After spinal cord injury (SCI), tight junction (TJ) protein degradation increases permeability and disrupts the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB). The BSCB is primarily formed of endothelial cell, ...which forms a specialized tight seal due to the presence of TJs. BSCB disruption after SCI allows neutrophil infiltration. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 is believed to be mainly expressed by neutrophils and is quickly released upon neutrophil activation. Here, we determined whether MMP-8 is involved in the TJ protein degradation in endothelial cells and also determined its role in the neuroinflammation after SCI. MMP-8 recombinant protein treatment increases the TNF-α expression and decreased the TJ (occludin and zonula occludens-1) protein expression in the endothelial cells. Likewise, specific MMP-8 inhibitor (MMP-8I) significantly prevented the TNF-α-induced decrease in the expression of TJ protein in endothelial cells. Furthermore, MMP-8 expression was significantly increased 1 and 3 days after moderate compression (35 g for 5 min at T10 level) SCI, whereas TJ protein levels decreased as determined qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. MMP-8 was inhibited directly using a MMP-8I (5 mg/kg) and indirectly by reducing neutrophil infiltration with sivelestat sodium (50 mg/kg) or using the antioxidant
N
-acetyl-
l
-cysteine (100 mg/kg). The MMP-8I significantly decreased TNF-α expression, IL-6, and iNOS expression and increased TJ protein expression after SCI. In addition, MMP-8I significantly lessens the amount of Evans blue dye extravasation observed after injury. Thus, our result suggests that MMP-8 plays an imperative role in inflammation and degradation of TJ proteins. Increased MMP-8 expression was associated with the early inflammatory phase of SCI. Inhibiting MMP-8 significantly attenuated SCI-induced inflammation, BSCB breakdown, and cell injury.
Hydrogels are physically and chemically cross-linked, 3D, porous, hydrated molecular structures that mimic the native tissue microenvironment. Hydrogels fabricated with environmentally sensitive ...polymers can possess additional properties such as thermoresponsiveness. This property originates from its phase transition from gel to solution and vice versa with temperature variation. Phase transition mechanisms also depend on the interaction between the polymers and surrounding environment. Their thermoresponsiveness makes hydrogels attractive for drug delivery, gene therapy, cell culture, and tissue engineering approaches. The resemblance to living tissue of such thermoresponsive hydrogels produced by crosslinking of natural polymers opens up many biomedical application opportunities for human use. The most intensively studied natural thermoresponsive polymer is poly(
N
-isopropyl-acrylamide) (PNIPAM). This review focuses on the phase transition mechanism in thermoresponsive PNIPAM, the factors affecting the behavior of the gel, its specific properties, and, in particular, the role of PNIPAM’s phase transition in drug delivery, cell culture, and tissue engineering.
Abstract Micropatterning techniques that control three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of biomolecules and cells at the microscale will allow development of clinically relevant tissues composed of ...multiple cell types in complex architecture. Although there have been significant developments to regulate spatial and temporal distribution of biomolecules in various materials, most micropatterning techniques are applicable only to two-dimensional patterning. We report here the use of two-photon laser scanning (TPLS) photolithographic technique to micropattern cell adhesive ligand (RGDS) in hydrogels to guide cell migration along pre-defined 3D pathways. The TPLS photolithographic technique regulates photo-reactive processes in microscale focal volumes to generate complex, free from microscale patterns with control over spatial presentation and concentration of biomolecules within hydrogel scaffolds. The TPLS photolithographic technique was used to dictate the precise location of RGDS in collagenase-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol- co -peptide) diacrylate hydrogels, and the amount of immobilized RGDS was evaluated using fluorescein-tagged RGDS. When human dermal fibroblasts cultured in fibrin clusters were encapsulated within the micropatterned collagenase-sensitive hydrogels, the cells underwent guided 3D migration only into the RGDS-patterned regions of the hydrogels. These results demonstrate the prospect of guiding tissue regeneration at the microscale in 3D scaffolds by providing appropriate bioactive cues in highly defined geometries.
Recent studies suggest that the intracoronary administration of bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may improve left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial ...infarction (AMI). However, there is still argumentative for the safety and efficacy of MSCs in the AMI setting. We thus performed a randomized pilot study to investigate the safety and efficacy of MSCs in patients with AMI. Eighty patients with AMI after successful reperfusion therapy were randomly assigned and received an intracoronary administration of autologous BM-derived MSCs into the infarct related artery at 1 month. During follow-up period, 58 patients completed the trial. The primary endpoint was changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at 6 month. We also evaluated treatment-related adverse events. The absolute improvement in the LVEF by SPECT at 6 month was greater in the BM-derived MSCs group than in the control group (5.9% ± 8.5% vs 1.6% ± 7.0%; P=0.037). There was no treatment-related toxicity during intracoronary administration of MSCs. No significant adverse cardiovascular events occurred during follow-up. In conclusion, the intracoronary infusion of human BM-derived MSCs at 1 month is tolerable and safe with modest improvement in LVEF at 6-month follow-up by SPECT. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01392105).
PDF
