Among autophagy-related molecules, p62/SQSTM1 is an adaptor for identifying and delivering intracellular cargo for degradation. Since ubiquitination is reversible, it has a switch role in autophagy. ...Ubiquitination is also involved in regulating autophagy in a timely manner. This study aimed to elucidate how p62-mediated autophagy is regulated in human endothelial cells and macrophages under atherosclerotic conditions, focusing on the lysosomal and proteasomal pathways. Co-cultured HUVECs and THP-1 cells were exposed to oxLDL (50 μg/mL) and autophagy was assessed. To downregulate p62, siRNA was administered, and the E3 ligases were inhibited by Heclin or MLN4924 treatment under the condition that cellular inflammatory processes were stimulated by oxLDL simultaneously initiated autophagy. Downregulating p62 induced an alternative degradation system, and the E3 ligases were found to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that the endothelial lipid accumulation under atherosclerotic conditions was caused by lysosomal dysfunction associated with autophagy.
In this paper, we propose a covert underwater acoustic communication method that is robust to fading using a chirp signal combined with a frequency-hopping spread spectrum scheme. A fractional ...Fourier transform, which estimates the slope of the signal frequency variation, is applied to the receiver to enable a robust and reliable symbol estimation with respect to the frequency and irregular phase variations. In addition, since the recursive symbol synchronization can be implemented using a chirp signal, compression and expansion effects due to the Doppler shift can be mitigated. Simulation and lake trials were performed to verify the performance of the proposed method. The simulation was performed by two different methods.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized carriers that reflect the parent cell's information and are known to mediate cell-cell communication. In order to overcome the disadvantages of mesenchymal ...stem cells (MSCs) in cell therapy, such as unexpected differentiation leading to tumorization, immune rejection, and other side effects, EVs derived from MSCs (MSC-EVs) with the tissue regenerative function have been studied as new cell-free therapeutics. However, therapeutic applications of EVs require overcoming several challenges. First, the production efficiency of MSC-EVs should be increased at least as much as the quantity of them are required to their clinical application; second, MSC-EVs needs to show various functionality further, thereby increasing tissue regeneration efficiency. In this study, we treated tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a biological derivative known to regulate cholesterol, to MSCs and investigated whether TUDCA treatment would be able to increase EV production efficiency and tissue regenerative capacity of EVs. Indeed, it appears that TUDCA priming to MSC increases the yield of MSC-EVs >2 times by reducing the cellular cholesterol level in MSCs and increasing the exocytosis-related CAV1 expression. Interestingly, it was found that the EVs derived from TUDCA-primed MSCs (T-EV) contained higher amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1RN, IL6, IL10, and IL11) and osteogenic proteins (ALP, RUNX2, BMP2, BMPR1, and BMPR2) than those in control MSC-EVs (C-EV). Besides, it was shown that T-EV not only regulated M1/M2 macrophages differentiation of monocytes, also effectively increased the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs as well as bone tissue regeneration in a bone defect rat model. Based on these results, it is concluded that TUDCA treatment to MSC as a new approach endows EV with high-yield production and functionality. Thus, we strongly believe T-EV would be a powerful therapeutic material for bone tissue regeneration and potentially could be expanded to other types of tissue regeneration for clinical applications.
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•A strategy priming MSCs with TUDCA for improving bone regenerative capacities of MSC-EVs was successfully developed.•The yield of T-EV significantly increased compared with original MSC-EVs.•T-EV contained much more abundant anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteogenic factors compared with original MSC-EVs.•T-EV showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and osteogenic activity.
Recently, data from built-in sensors in smartphones have been readily available, and analyzing data for various types of health information from smartphone users has become a popular health care ...application area. Among relevant issues in the area, one of the most prominent topics is analyzing the characteristics of human movements. In this paper, we focus on characterizing the human movements of walking and running based on a novel machine learning approach. Since walking and running are human fundamental activities, analyzing their characteristics promptly and automatically during daily smartphone use is particularly valuable. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach, referred to as 'two-stage latent dynamics modeling and filtering' (TS-LDMF) method, where we combine a latent space modeling stage with a nonlinear filtering stage, for characterizing individual dynamic walking and running patterns by analyzing smartphone sensor data. For the task of characterizing movements, the proposed method makes use of encoding the high-dimensional sequential data from movements into random variables in a low-dimensional latent space. The use of random variables in the latent space, often called latent variables, is particularly useful, because it is capable of conveying compressed information concerning movements and efficiently handling the uncertainty originating from high-dimensional sequential observation. Our experimental results show that the proposed use of two-stage latent dynamics modeling and filtering yields promising results for characterizing individual dynamic walking and running patterns.
High entropy alloy (HEA) is a random mixture of multiple elements stabilized by high mixing entropy. We synthesized a Ta1/6Nb2/6Hf1/6Zr1/6Ti1/6 bulk HEA compound as a body-centered cubic structure ...with lattice parameter a = 3.38 Å based on arc melting. From the electronic and magnetic property measurements, we obtained the superconducting properties such as electron-phonon coupling constant λel-ph, electron-phonon potential Vel-ph, density of states at the Fermi level D(EF), superconducting energy gap 2Δ(0)/kBTc, upper-critical field Hc2(0), coherence length ξ, and critical current density Jc. The compound showed a superconducting transition at Tc = 7.85 K. The compound has relatively sizeable specific heat jump (ΔC/γTc), high effective mass of carrier (29 me), and high Kadowaki-Woods ratio (A/γ2, which plays an important role in the heavy Fermi compounds), indicating that it resides within the strongly coupled s-wave superconductor within a dirty limit. Its vortex pinning force is described by the Dew-Huges double exponential pinning model, implying that there are two types of pinning mechanisms. The possible coexistence of strongly correlated behavior in s-wave superconductivity in HEA compounds is noteworthy because many of the strongly correlated superconductors, such as heavy-fermion and high Tc cuprate superconductors, have nodal gap symmetry. The HEA compound suggests exploiting different types of superconductivity with the current strongly correlated superconductors as well as metallic superconductors.
Kawadoki-Woods plot for transition metals (aTM = 0.4 μΩ cm mol2 K2 J−2, dark blue dashed line) and for heavy fermion system (aHF = 10 μΩ cm mol2 K2 J−2, orange dash-dotted line). The inset shows the temperature dependent electrical resistivity above the Tc fitted by the formula ρ(T) = ρ0+AT2. Display omitted
Two Zintl phase thermoelectric compounds of Eu11-xKxBi10-ySny (x = 0, 0.26(1); y = 0.86(2), 1.93(2)) have been synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction and arc-melting methods. The two ...isotypic crystal structures are characterized by both single-crystal and powder X-ray diffractions, and adopt a tetragonal Ho11Ge10-type structure (space group I4/mmm, Z = 2, Pearson code tI84) containing nine crystallographically independent asymmetric atomic sites in a unit cell. The chemical compositions are confirmed by EDS analysis. The complex crystal structure of the two title compounds can be described as an assembly of three different types of co-facial polyhedra formed by cations and 3-dimensional anionic frameworks surrounding these polyhedra. A quaternary title compound, Eu10.74(2)K0.26Bi9.14(2)Sn10.86, which simultaneously contains both cationic and anionic p-dopants in a single compound, was successfully crystallized for the first time in the A11M10 (A = alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth metals; M = triels, tetrels, pnictogens) series. In particular, two different types of p-dopants K and Sn show particular site-preferences, respectively, where K and Sn prefer to occupy the cationic Wyckoff 4e site and the anionic Wyckoff 8h site. These noticeable site preferences can be elucidated by either a size-factor criterion for the K-doping case or by an electronic-factor criterion for the Sn-doping case. The tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital calculations show that as the double p-doping is applied to the Eu11-xKxBi10-ySny system, some extra holes are generated on the electronic structures according to the density of states curves. However, a series of thermoelectric property measurements prove that this extra hole-carrier doping is hardly effective enough to completely suppress a bipolar conduction of holes and electrons due to the rigid metallic band structure of the title system.
The Zintl phase solid-solution Ca11-xYbxSb10-yGez (0 ≤ x ≤ 9; 0 ≤ y ≤ 3; 0 ≤ z ≤ 3) system with the cationic/anionic multisubstitution has been synthesized by molten Sn metal flux and arc-melting ...methods. The crystal structure of the nine title compounds were characterized by both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractions and adopted the Ho11Ge10-type structure with the tetragonal space group I4/mmm (Z = 4, Pearson Code tI84). The overall isotypic structure of the nine title compounds can be illustrated as an assembly of three different types of cationic polyhedra sharing faces with their neighboring polyhedra and the three-dimensional cage-shaped anionic frameworks consisting of the dumbbell-shaped Sb2 units and the square-shaped Sb4 or (Sb/Ge)4 units. During the multisubstitution trials, interestingly, we observed a metal-to-semiconductor transition as the Ca and Ge contents increased in the title system from Yb11Sb10 to Ca9Yb2Sb7Ge3 (nominal compositions) on the basis of a series of thermoelectric property measurements. This phenomenon can be elucidated by the suppression of a bipolar conduction of holes and electrons via an extra hole-carrier doping. The tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital calculations using four hypothetical structural models nicely proved that the size of a pseudogap and the magnitude of the density of states at the Fermi level are significantly influenced by substituting elements as well as their atomic sites in a unit cell. The observed particular cationic/anionic site preferences, the historically known abnormalities of atomic displacement parameters, and the occupation deficiencies of particular atomic sites are further rationalized by the QVAL value criterion on the basis of the theoretical calculations. The results of SEM, EDS, and TGA analyses are also provided.
Two Zintl phase thermoelectric compounds of Eu
11−
x
K
x
Bi
10−
y
Sn
y
(
x
= 0, 0.26(1);
y
= 0.86(2), 1.93(2)) have been synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction and arc-melting ...methods. The two isotypic crystal structures are characterized by both single-crystal and powder X-ray diffractions, and adopt a tetragonal Ho
11
Ge
10
-type structure (space group
I
4/
mmm
,
Z
= 2, Pearson code
tI
84) containing nine crystallographically independent asymmetric atomic sites in a unit cell. The chemical compositions are confirmed by EDS analysis. The complex crystal structure of the two title compounds can be described as an assembly of three different types of co-facial polyhedra formed by cations and 3-dimensional anionic frameworks surrounding these polyhedra. A quaternary title compound, Eu
10.74(2)
K
0.26
Bi
9.14(2)
Sn
10.86
, which simultaneously contains both cationic and anionic p-dopants in a single compound, was successfully crystallized for the first time in the A
11
M
10
(A = alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth metals; M = triels, tetrels, pnictogens) series. In particular, two different types of p-dopants K and Sn show particular site-preferences, respectively, where K and Sn prefer to occupy the cationic Wyckoff 4
e
site and the anionic Wyckoff 8
h
site. These noticeable site preferences can be elucidated by either a size-factor criterion for the K-doping case or by an electronic-factor criterion for the Sn-doping case. The tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital calculations show that as the double p-doping is applied to the Eu
11−
x
K
x
Bi
10−
y
Sn
y
system, some extra holes are generated on the electronic structures according to the density of states curves. However, a series of thermoelectric property measurements prove that this extra hole-carrier doping is hardly effective enough to completely suppress a bipolar conduction of holes and electrons due to the rigid metallic band structure of the title system.
Eu
10.74(2)
K
0.26
Bi
9.14(2)
Sn
0.86
is the first example of having both cationic and anionic p-dopants in a single compound.
Two Zintl phase thermoelectric compounds of Eu
K
Bi
Sn
(x = 0, 0.26(1); y = 0.86(2), 1.93(2)) have been synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction and arc-melting methods. The two ...isotypic crystal structures are characterized by both single-crystal and powder X-ray diffractions, and adopt a tetragonal Ho
Ge
-type structure (space group I4/mmm, Z = 2, Pearson code tI84) containing nine crystallographically independent asymmetric atomic sites in a unit cell. The chemical compositions are confirmed by EDS analysis. The complex crystal structure of the two title compounds can be described as an assembly of three different types of co-facial polyhedra formed by cations and 3-dimensional anionic frameworks surrounding these polyhedra. A quaternary title compound, Eu
K
Bi
Sn
, which simultaneously contains both cationic and anionic p-dopants in a single compound, was successfully crystallized for the first time in the A
M
(A = alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth metals; M = triels, tetrels, pnictogens) series. In particular, two different types of p-dopants K and Sn show particular site-preferences, respectively, where K and Sn prefer to occupy the cationic Wyckoff 4e site and the anionic Wyckoff 8h site. These noticeable site preferences can be elucidated by either a size-factor criterion for the K-doping case or by an electronic-factor criterion for the Sn-doping case. The tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital calculations show that as the double p-doping is applied to the Eu
K
Bi
Sn
system, some extra holes are generated on the electronic structures according to the density of states curves. However, a series of thermoelectric property measurements prove that this extra hole-carrier doping is hardly effective enough to completely suppress a bipolar conduction of holes and electrons due to the rigid metallic band structure of the title system.
68‐1: Evaluation for Reaction Time of Gaming Displays Jin, Yan; Yoo, Seungwon; Kim, Jaehong ...
SID International Symposium Digest of technical papers,
June 2022, 2022-06-00, 20220601, Letnik:
53, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Display technology plays a significant role in gaming and two different types of display panel technologies available are OLED and LCD when choosing a gaming monitor. In general, interest in physical ...specifications such as refresh rate, contrast ratio, response time and input lag in gaming displays is high. In this article, we studied the reaction time between two different gaming displays with respect to different response time, contrast ratio and refresh rate. Response time and contrast ratio turned out to be the key factors influencing the reaction time which were both advantageous for OLED. In case of gaming monitors, contrast ratio acts as the major factor in reaction time, and in case of TV displays, response time acts as a major factor in reaction time.
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