Summary
Background
Little is known about factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) of patients with vitiligo, and previous studies have shown conflicting results.
Objectives
To explore the QoL of ...patients with vitiligo and to identify factors affecting QoL.
Methods
A nationwide questionnaire‐based study was conducted with 1123 patients with vitiligo recruited from 21 hospitals in Korea from July 2015 to June 2016. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire for demographic information and the Skindex‐29 instrument. Mild or severely impaired QoL in patients with vitiligo was assessed according to each domain (symptoms, functioning and emotions) of Skindex‐29. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with QoL.
Results
Of the enrolled participants, 609 were male and 514 female, with a mean age of 49·8 years (range 20–84). The median duration of disease was 3·0 years (range 0–60). Using multivariate logistic regression modelling, the involvement of visible body parts and a larger affected body surface area were consistently associated with QoL impairment in all three domains of Skindex‐29. Additionally, the QoL of patients aged 20–59 years, who potentially had a more active social life than older patients, was associated with functional impairment. Furthermore, a higher educational background was associated with emotional impairment.
Conclusions
A multitude of factors significantly influence the QoL of patients with vitiligo. A better appreciation of these factors would help the management of these patients.
What's already known about this topic?
Quality of life is highly impaired in patients with vitiligo.
What does this study add?
The involvement of visible body parts and a larger affected body surface area were consistently associated with impaired symptoms, functioning and emotions.
Vitiligo with nonvisible lesions also considerably compromises quality of life; vitiligo should not be regarded as a cosmetic problem.
Patients aged 20–59 years experienced significant functional impairment, and those with a higher educational background had more impairment in their emotions.
Linked Comment: Ezzedine and Eleftheriadou. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:28–29.
Plain language summary available online
Respond to this article
The role of hypomethylating agent therapy (HMT) as a bridge to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains undetermined. We ...investigated the feasibility of HMT followed by alloHCT in patients with MDS. In all, 19 patients who received HMT followed by alloHCT were analyzed. A total of 7 patients were classified as low-risk and 12 as high-risk, based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification at the time of HMT. HMT consisted of decitabine in 9 patients and azacitidine in 10. After HMT, two patients achieved CR, six mCR, three hematologic improvement alone, and six SD in terms of best response. HMT did not alter WHO classification in 15 patients (79%), whereas 1 patient (5%) improved and 3 (16%) progressed to AML. Most patients (95%) received a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen based on fludarabine/BU/anti-thymocyte globulin, and peripheral blood-mobilized stem cells. Neutrophil and platelet engraftments were achieved in 95 and 79% of patients, respectively. The incidences of acute and chronic GVHD were 42 and 26%, respectively. In all, 2-year OS rates were 68%, and the overall outcomes of those who achieved CR/mCR with HMT tended to be superior to those without CR/mCR. HMT followed by alloHCT was a feasible and effective treatment strategy for patients with MDS.
Background
Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity, in terms of physical, social and psychological functions, as well as therapeutic responses. Here, we examined FM ...patients in terms of pain, physical, social and psychological variables to identify clinical subgroups that may be predictive of treatment patterns.
Methods
A total of 313 FM patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, current or past FM symptoms and current use of relevant medications. A K‐means cluster analysis was conducted using variables reflecting tender points, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventor and Social Support Scale.
Results
Four distinct clusters were identified in these patients. Group 1 was characterized by high pain levels, severe physical and mental impairment and low social support. Group 2 had moderate pain and physical impairment, mild mental impairment and moderate social support. Group 3 had moderate pain, low physical and moderate mental impairment and low social support. Group 4 had low pain levels, nearly normal physical and mental function and high social support. Group 1 was more often a current or past smoker, more likely to have a variety of symptoms, including swelling, cognitive dysfunction, dizziness, syncope, oesophageal dysmotility, dyspepsia, irritable bladder, vulvodynia and restless leg syndrome.
Conclusions
We identified four subgroups of FM patients based on pain, physical, social and psychological function. These subgroups had different clinical symptoms and medication profiles, suggesting that FM may be better managed using a more comprehensive assessment of an individual patient's symptoms.
Significance
FM patients can be clustered into four distinct subgroups based on clinically measurable variables – pain, physical involvement, psychological function and social support. These subgroups had different clinical symptoms and medication profiles.
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to investigate the influence of hospital volume, delay of surgery, and both together on the long-term survival of postoperative cancer ...patients.
Using information from the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 2001 through 2005 and the National Health Insurance claim database, we determined survival for 147 682 patients who underwent definitive surgery for any of six cancers.
Regardless of cancer site, surgical patients in low- to medium-volume hospitals showed significantly worse survival adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.36–1.86 than those in high-volume hospitals in multivariable analyses. Among the latter, treatment delays > 1 month were not associated with worse survival for stomach, colon, pancreatic, or lung cancer but were for rectal aHR = 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17–1.40 and breast (aHR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.37–1.84) cancer. For patients in low- to medium-volume hospitals, treatment delay was associated with worse survival for all types of cancer (aHR = 1.78–3.81).
Our findings suggest that the effect of hospital volume and surgical treatment delay on overall survival of cancer patients should be considered in formulating or revising national health policy.
Post transplant infusion of donor-type natural killer (NK) cells has been shown to have an anti-leukemia-enhancing effect without evoking GVHD in murine hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) ...models. Here, we tested 14 patients (age, 23-65 years), 12 with acute leukemia and 2 with myelodysplastic syndrome, who underwent HLA-mismatched HCT and subsequently received donor NK cell infusions. Cell donors (age, 16-51 years), comprising seven siblings, five offspring, and two mothers of the patients, underwent growth factor-mobilized leukapheresis for 3-5 days. Cells collected on the first 2-4 days were used for HCT, whereas those collected on the last day were CD34 selected by magnetic-activated cell sorting (median, 2.22 x 10(6) cells/kg; range, 0.29-5.66). Donor NK cells were generated from the CD34(+) cells by ex vivo cell culture over a 6-week period (median, 9.28 x 10(6) cells/kg; range, 0.33-24.50; CD122/CD56(+) 64%; CD3(+) 1.0%; and viability 88%). There were no signs of acute toxicity in patients infused with these cells 6-7 weeks post transplant. Overall, one and five patients developed acute and chronic GVHD during post transplant period, respectively. These results showed that clinical-grade donor NK cell production from CD34(+) cells is feasible.
Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) is a collective term for light absorbing organic compounds in the atmosphere. While the identification of BrC and its formation mechanisms is currently a central effort ...in the community, little is known about the atmospheric removal processes of aerosol BrC. As a result, we report on a series of laboratory studies of photochemical processing of BrC in the aqueous phase, by direct photolysis and OH oxidation. Solutions of ammonium sulfate mixed with glyoxal (GLYAS) or methylglyoxal (MGAS) are used as surrogates for a class of secondary BrC mediated by imine intermediates. Three nitrophenol species, namely 4-nitrophenol, 5-nitroguaiacol and 4-nitrocatechol, were investigated as a class of water-soluble BrC originating from biomass burning. Photochemical processing induced significant changes in the absorptive properties of BrC. The imine-mediated BrC solutions exhibited rapid photo-bleaching with both direct photolysis and OH oxidation, with atmospheric half-lives of minutes to a few hours. The nitrophenol species exhibited photo-enhancement in the visible range during direct photolysis and the onset of OH oxidation, but rapid photo-bleaching was induced by further OH exposure on an atmospheric timescale of an hour or less. To illustrate the atmospheric relevance of this work, we also performed direct photolysis experiments on water-soluble organic carbon extracted from biofuel combustion samples and observed rapid changes in the optical properties of these samples as well. Overall, these experiments indicate that atmospheric models need to incorporate representations of atmospheric processing of BrC species to accurately model their radiative impacts.
Free vibration of non-uniform functionally graded beams is analyzed via the Timoshenko beam theory. Bending stiffness and distributed mass density are assumed to obey a unified exponential law. For ...various boundary conditions, exact frequency equations are derived in closed form. These frequency equations can reduce to those for classical Timoshenko beams if the gradient index disappears. Moreover, the frequency equations of exponentially graded Rayleigh, shear, and Euler–Bernoulli beams can be obtained as special cases of the present. The gradient index has a strong influence on the natural frequencies. For Timoshenko beams, there exist two critical frequencies depending on the gradient index. Harmonic vibration cannot be excited for frequencies less than the lower critical frequency. The obtained results can serve as a benchmark for examining the accuracy of numerical frequencies based on other approaches for analyzing transverse vibration of non-uniform axially graded Timoshenko beams. The results also apply to bending vibration of rectangular Timoshenko beams with constant thickness and exponentially decaying/amplifying width.
•Free vibration of functionally graded Timoshenko beams is analyzed.•Exact frequency equations of exponentially graded Timoshenko beams are obtained.•Effect of end constraints of functionally graded Timoshenko beams is examined.•Natural frequencies depend on the gradient index and admit jump property.•Natural frequencies for graded beams using Euler–Bernoulli, shear, Rayleigh, and Timoshenko theories are compared.
Aims
For the effective production of 146S particles, which determines foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) vaccine efficacy, we aimed to identify the optimal medium that is easy‐to‐use, productive and ...economically affordable for the large‐scale production of FMD vaccine.
Methods and Results
Nine combinations of cell growth media and replacement media were tested for virus propagation. Apart from the replacement strategy, we tested a simple addition strategy involving the addition of 30% v/v of fresh medium to the total spent medium using the Cellvento BHK‐200 (Vento). Unlike other tested media that produced poor yields of 146S particles when the spent media were not eliminated, Vento exhibited high productivity with the 30% addition strategy.
Conclusions
Considering its lower price and media consumption compared to those of other media that require media replacement, the 30% addition strategy of Vento is highly effective. Furthermore, owing to its simple application strategy, it makes the scale‐up process easy and helps in saving the time and labour involved in spent media removal.
Significance and Impact of the Study
Through the first comparative assessment of commercial media for the 146S particle recovery, this study suggests the best practical medium for the industrial‐scale production of FMD vaccines.
Thioamides antithyroid‐drugs (ATDs) are important in hyperthyroid disease management. Identification of the susceptibility locus of ATD‐induced agranulocytosis is important for clinical management. ...We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) involving 20 patients with ATD‐induced agranulocytosis and 775 healthy controls. The top finding was further replicated. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs185386680, showed the strongest association with ATD‐induced agranulocytosis in GWAS (odds ratio (OR) = 36.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.8–103.7; P = 1.3 × 10‐24) and replication (OR = 37; 95% CI = 3.7–367.4; P = 9.6 × 10‐7). HLA‐B*38:02:01 was in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs185386680. High‐resolution HLA typing confirmed that HLA‐B*38:02:01 was associated with carbimazole (CMZ)/methimazole (MMI)‐induced agranulocytosis (OR = 265.5; 95% CI = 27.9–2528.0; P = 2.5 × 10‐14), but not associated with propylthiouracil (PTU). The positive and negative predictive values of HLA‐B*38:02:01 in predicting CMZ/MMI‐induced agranulocytosis were 0.07 and 0.999. Approximately 211 cases need to be screened to prevent one case. Screening for the risk allele will be useful in preventing agranulocytosis in populations in which the frequency of the risk allele is high.
PDF
