There are many types of disabilities, and each type has a variety related to socioeconomic factors. Such factors affect to many health problems of the disabled. However, surveys of the oral health ...status of the disabled in Korea are rare.
The purpose of this study was to estimate oral health disparity through comparing oral health status of the disabled to the non-disabled, adjusted for the net effect of the disability on oral health status.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the disabled in urban and suburban areas in Korea from June to September 2016. People with physical, mental, and multiple disabilities took part in this survey. The clinical examinations were carried out by trained dentists. Statistical analysis was performed to quantify the association between oral health and socioeconomic status after restricting the analysis using a propensity score matching method.
The disabled had more DMFT, DT, and MT, fewer FT, and fewer teeth than the non-disabled based on entire groups (P<0.01). No difference in the ratio of periodontitis was observed. The subjects with mental disabilities (MD) scored 3.09 (95% CI, 1.07-8.97), and those with multiple disabilities scored 4.37 (95% CI, 1.16-16.37) for edentulous status. The MD had an odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI, 1.03-1.74), and those with multiple disabilities had an odds ratio of 1.75 (95% CI, 1.11-2.76) for the DMFT index.
These results represent poor oral health status of the disabled compared to the non-disabled. Consequentially, we can verify that not only the existence of disability but also the type of disability has a decisive effect on oral health condition. This comparison is necessary to widen our approach to evaluate the actual status condition of the disabled.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Conventional electronic (e‐) skins are a class of thin‐film electronics mainly fabricated in laboratories or factories, which is incapable of rapid and simple customization for personalized ...healthcare. Here a new class of e‐tattoos is introduced that can be directly implemented on the skin by facile one‐step coating with various designs at multi‐scale depending on the purpose of the user without a substrate. An e‐tattoo is realized by attaching Pt‐decorated carbon nanotubes on gallium‐based liquid‐metal particles (CMP) to impose intrinsic electrical conductivity and mechanical durability. Tuning the CMP suspension to have low‐zeta potential, excellent wettability, and high‐vapor pressure enables conformal and intimate assembly of particles directly on the skin in 10 s. Low‐cost, ease of preparation, on‐skin compatibility, and multifunctionality of CMP make it highly suitable for e‐tattoos. Demonstrations of electrical muscle stimulators, photothermal patches, motion artifact‐free electrophysiological sensors, and electrochemical biosensors validate the simplicity, versatility, and reliability of the e‐tattoo‐based approach in biomedical engineering.
A new class of e‐tattoo that can be directly implemented on the skin by rapid one‐step coating with various designs at a multi‐scale for personalized healthcare is introduced. The e‐tattoo is realized by tuning the electrically conductive and mechanically durable liquid metal composite based suspension to have low repulsion between particles, excellent wettability, and high vapor pressure.
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•Recent discoveries in solvent liquefaction of lignocellulose are introduced.•Biofuels, antioxidant, bio-polyols, and chemicals were produced from lignocellulose.•A plausible ...degradation pathway of each biomass component is suggested.•The challenges and future perspective of solvent liquefaction process is discussed.
The concerns over the increasing energy demand and cost as well as environmental problems derived from fossil fuel use are the main driving forces of research into renewable energy. Lignocellulosic biomass comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is an abundant, carbon neutral, and alternative resource for replacing fossil fuels in the future. Solvent liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising route to obtain biofuels, bio-based materials, and chemicals using a range of solvents as reaction media under moderate reaction conditions. Recently, several researchers have considered novel approaches for enhancing the process efficiency and economics.
This review article reports the state-of-the-art knowledge of lignocellulose liquefaction in the recent three years with the main focus on the feedstock, liquefaction technology, target products, and degradation mechanism of each biomass component. This review is expected to provide an important reference for research into the solvent liquefaction of lignocellulose in the near future.
Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous cancer, making treatment responses difficult to predict. Here we show that we identify two distinct molecular subtypes, mesenchymal phenotype (MP) and epithelial ...phenotype (EP), by analyzing genomic and proteomic data. Molecularly, MP subtype tumors show high genomic integrity characterized by low mutation rates and microsatellite stability, whereas EP subtype tumors show low genomic integrity. Clinically, the MP subtype is associated with markedly poor survival and resistance to standard chemotherapy, whereas the EP subtype is associated with better survival rates and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Integrative analysis shows that signaling pathways driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway are highly activated in MP subtype tumors. Importantly, MP subtype cancer cells are more sensitive to inhibition of IGF1/IGF1R pathway than EP subtype. Detailed characterization of these two subtypes could identify novel therapeutic targets and useful biomarkers for prognosis and therapy response.
Magnetic skyrmions are swirling magnetic textures with novel characteristics suitable for future spintronic and topological applications. Recent studies confirmed the room-temperature stabilization ...of skyrmions in ultrathin ferromagnets. However, such ferromagnetic skyrmions show an undesirable topological effect, the skyrmion Hall effect, which leads to their current-driven motion towards device edges, where skyrmions could easily be annihilated by topographic defects. Recent theoretical studies have predicted enhanced current-driven behavior for antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled skyrmions. Here we present the stabilization of these skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo films. By utilizing element-specific X-ray imaging, we find that the skyrmions in the Gd and FeCo sublayers are antiferromagnetically exchange-coupled. We further confirm that ferrimagnetic skyrmions can move at a velocity of ~50 m s
with reduced skyrmion Hall angle, |θ
| ~ 20°. Our findings open the door to ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic skyrmionics while providing key experimental evidences of recent theoretical studies.
Although depression and anxiety represent significant yet treatable comorbidities in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), their impact on the clinical course and prognosis of IPF remain ...unclear.
We investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of depression and anxiety in patients with IPF.
The present study included a prospective cohort comprising 112 Korean patients with IPF who had completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.
Symptoms of depression and anxiety were present in 25.9% and 21.4% of patients with IPF, respectively (HADS scores ≥8). No significant differences in demographic data, age, sex, smoking status, Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MMRC) scores, pulmonary function tests, or Gender-Age-Physiology Index for IPF were observed between patients with depression or anxiety and those without. However, in patients with anxiety, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores were significantly higher than those of patients without anxiety (40.5 versus 23.5; p = 0.003). The survival rate and total number of hospital admissions did not significantly differ between patients with depression/anxiety and those without.
Our findings indicate that depression and anxiety are relatively common in patients with IPF. Although no significant differences were noted with regard to survival rate and hospitalization, the present study suggests that depression and anxiety significantly influence quality of life in patients with IPF.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An ultrathin (ca. 2 nm) amorphous FeOOH overlayer was deposited conformally on a hematite nanostructure by a simple solution‐based precipitation method, to generate an oxygen evolution cocatalyst for ...efficient solar water splitting. This uniform and highly conformal coating of the ultrathin metal oxyhydroxide is rare and is distinguished from the layers prepared by other conventional methods. With the FeOOH overlayer as the cocatalyst, the water oxidation photocurrent of hematite increased by a factor of approximately two and the onset potential shifted in the cathodic direction by 0.12 V under 1 sun illumination. The enhanced performance was attributed to the improved water oxidation kinetics and the passivation of the surface states of the hematite.
Skinnymalinks: An ultrathin (ca. 2 nm) amorphous FeOOH overlayer was deposited conformally on a hematite nanostructure by a simple solution‐based precipitation method, to generate an oxygen evolution cocatalyst for efficient solar water splitting. With an FeOOH overlayer, the water oxidation performance of hematite increased as a result of improved water oxidation kinetics and passivation of the surface states.
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•Hydroxyapatite/biochar nanocomposites (HAP/BC-NCs) were hydrothermally synthesized.•HAP/BC-NCs were used for Cu(II) removal and exhibited high adsorption affinity.•The adsorption ...rate of Cu(II) was mainly controlled by film diffusion mechanism.•The maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 99.01 mg/g at 298 K.•Adsorption mechanism involved cation exchange and inner-sphere surface complexation.
In this study, hydroxyapatite/biochar nanocomposites (HAP/BC-NCs) were synthesized through a simple one-pot hydrothermal process and utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous media. Characterization results revealed that rod-shaped HAP nanoparticles were successfully incorporated on the surfaces of synthesized HAP/BC-NCs. A set of systematically designed batch experiments were carried out to determine the influences of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on the adsorption behavior of the HAP/BC-NCs. Overall findings from batch experiments and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis demonstrated that the potential mechanisms responsible for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous media are cation exchange between Cu2+ in solution and Ca2+ in the HAP on the surfaces of the as-synthesized nanocomposites and the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes on the surfaces of the HAP/BC-NCs. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order model and that the overall adsorption rate is controlled by film diffusion as the dominant mechanism and intraparticle diffusion as a secondary mechanism. Adsorption isotherms were accurately represented by a Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 99.01 mg/g at 298 K, which represents a higher efficiency for Cu(II) adsorption compared to previously reported composite materials. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process is thermodynamically spontaneous and endothermic process. Overall, the findings presented in this paper suggest that HAP/BC-NCs have promising applicability for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media as an alternative, low-cost, and eco-friendly adsorbent for environmental remediation.
Direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of single‐layer graphene on CVD‐grown hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) film can suggest a large‐scale and high‐quality graphene/h‐BN film hybrid structure ...with a defect‐free interface. This sequentially grown graphene/h‐BN film shows better electronic properties than that of graphene/SiO2 or graphene transferred on h‐BN film, and suggests a new promising template for graphene device fabrication.
Peripheral nerve injuries are serious conditions, and surgical treatment has critical limitations. Therefore, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are proposed as an alternative. In this study, ...multifunctional NGCs are fabricated for the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. Graphene oxide (GO) and gelatin‐methacrylate (GelMA) are polymerized and chemically reduced to form reduced (GO/GelMA) (r(GO/GelMA)). The prepared materials present good electrical conductivity, flexibility, mechanical stability, and permeability, which are suitable for use as NGCs. In vitro studies show 2.1‐ and 1.4‐fold promotion of neuritogenesis of PC12 neuronal cells on r(GO/GelMA) compared to GelMA and unreduced GO/GelMA, respectively. Animal studies using a rat sciatic nerve injury model with a 10 mm gap between the proximal and distal regions of the defect reveal that r(GO/GelMA) NGCs significantly enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, indicated by improved muscle weight increase, electro‐conduction velocity, and sciatic nerve function index. Specifically, r(GO/GelMA) NGCs are utilized to potentiate regrowth with myelination in rat sciatic nerves followed by histological, immunohistological, and morphometrical analyses. This study successfully shows the feasibility of electrically conductive hydrogel NGCs as functional conduits for improved nerve regeneration in a preclinical study, where these NGCs can not only mimic nerve tissues but also strongly promote nerve regeneration.
Electrically conductive hydrogel‐based nerve guidance conduits are fabricated by polymerization of a graphene oxide (GO)‐incorporated gelatin‐methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel, and subsequently chemically reduced. GelMA and reduced GO (rGO) show good tissue compatibility and can promote nerve regeneration. The r(GO/GelMA) conduit has the requirements of an ideal nerve guidance conduit with appropriate mechanical and electrical properties.
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