An analysis on the nonlinear dynamics of a simply supported functionally graded materials (FGMs) rectangular plate subjected to the transversal and in-plane excitations is presented in a thermal ...environment for the first time. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent. Based on Reddy's third-order plate theory, the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the FGM plates are derived using Hamilton's principle. Galerkin's method is utilized to discretize the governing partial equations to a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system including the quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms under combined parametric and external excitations. The resonant case considered here is 1:1 internal resonance and principal parametric resonance. The asymptotic perturbation method is utilized to obtain four-dimensional nonlinear averaged equation. The numerical method is used to find the nonlinear dynamic responses of the FGM rectangular plate. It was found that periodic, quasi-periodic solutions and chaotic motions exist for the FGM rectangular plates under certain conditions. It is believed that the forcing excitations f1 and f2 can change the form of motions for the FGM rectangular plate.
Objective The incidence of breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) varies between 7-35% depending on the combination of treatment modalities. Early detection of BCRL is crucial in order to start an ...effective non-operative treatment program. Because of the lack of prospective research on this topic, this study was undertaken to prospectively determine the effect of Lympho Venous Anastomosis (LVA) on BCRL and to review the current literature. Study design and methods Ten patients who were previously treated for breast cancer by surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and were unresponsive to 12-weeks of non-operative treatment, underwent an LVA procedure (Degni-Cordeiro). Objective measurements were gathered for circumferential measurement and water volumetry, and quality of life. Various types of lymphoscintigraphy were carried out pre-operatively and post-operatively at 3 and 12 months. Treatment was embedded in a multidisciplinary setting. Results Post-operative volume measurements initially showed a 4.8% reduction of lymphedema at 3 months and a 2% reduction after one year. Various scintigraphic parameters showed some improvement. Quality of life questionnaires reported minimal improvement. Reviewing the literature, only retrospective studies were found; these reported varying results for LVA procedures. The selection of patients, classification of lymphedema, indications and types of LVA, and additional therapeutic options were heterogeneous, not comparable, and lacked a validated method of effect-assessment. Conclusions Our results showed a minimal reduction in volume of lymphedema following LVA; in the literature, there was no convincing evidence of the success of LVA. Non-operative treatment and elastic stockings are still preferred by most patients with lymphedema, especially in early stages with few irreversible changes.
In a semimetal, both electrons and holes contribute to the density of states at the Fermi level. The small band overlaps and multiband effects engender novel electronic properties. We show that a ...moderate hydrostatic pressure effectively suppresses the band gap in the elemental semiconductor black phosphorus. An electronic topological transition takes place at approximately 1.2 GPa, above which black phosphorus evolves into a semimetal state that is characterized by a colossal positive magnetoresistance and a nonlinear field dependence of Hall resistivity. The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations detected in magnetic field reveal the complex Fermi surface topology of the semimetallic phase. In particular, we find a nontrivial Berry phase in one Fermi surface that emerges in the semimetal state, as evidence of a Dirac-like dispersion. The observed semimetallic behavior greatly enriches the material property of black phosphorus and sets the stage for the exploration of novel electronic states in this material.
Calligonum caput-medusae
is known to grow well when irrigated with water containing NaCl. The aim of this study was to investigate ecophysiological responses of
C. caput-medusae
to different NaCl ...concentrations. In our study, we examined the effect of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mM NaCl. Our results demonstrated that maximum seedling growth occurred at 50 mM NaCl. Photosynthetic parameters, such as the photosynthetic pigment content and gas exchange parameters, correlated with growth response. High salinity (≥ 100 mM NaCl) resulted in a significant reduction of the plant growth. Similarly, marked declines in the pigment content, maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were also detected. However, intercellular CO
2
concentration showed a biphasic response, decreasing with water containing less than 200 mM NaCl and increasing with NaCl concentration up to 400 mM. Water-use efficiency and intrinsic water-use efficiency exhibited the opposite response. The reduction of photosynthesis at the high NaCl concentration could be caused by nonstomatal factors. High salinity led also to a decrease in the relative water content and water potential. Correspondingly, an accumulation of soluble sugars and proline was also observed. Na
+
and Cl
−
concentrations increased in all tissues and K
+
concentrations were maintained high during exposure to NaCl compared with the control. High salinity caused oxidative stress, which was evidenced by high malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents. In order to cope with oxidative stress, the activity of antioxidative enzymes increased to maximum after 50 mM NaCl treatment. The data reported in this study indicate that
C. caput-medusae
can be utilized in mild salinity-prone environments.
AbstractFiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites with a large rupture strain (LRS) (i.e., having an ultimate tensile strain larger than 5%) are promising jacketing materials for the seismic retrofit ...of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. These LRS FRPs are environmentally friendly as their reinforcing fibers can be made from recycled plastics e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles; as a result, they are also cheaper than conventional FRPs i.e., carbon FRP (CFRP), glass GFRP (GFRP), and aramid FRP (AFRP). This paper presents the first-ever study on the behavior and modeling of LRS FRP-confined concrete under cyclic axial compression. Experimental results are first presented to examine both the envelope compressive stress-strain curve and the cumulative effect of loading cycles. A cyclic stress-strain model is then proposed and shown to provide close predictions of the test results. The proposed cyclic stress-strain model is formed by combining an existing monotonic stress-strain model for predicting the envelope curve with an existing cyclic stress-strain model for predicting the unloading and reloading paths. This cyclic stress-strain model can be employed in modeling the behavior of LRS FRP-jacketed RC columns subjected to seismic loading.
We measure the magnetotransport properties of the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 single crystal under magnetic fields up to 36 T. Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations are clearly resolved ...and the n=1 Landau level is reached. A detailed analysis on the intercept of the Landau index plot reveals a significant dependence of the SdH phase factor on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. When the magnetic field is applied in the 001 direction, i.e., along the fourfold screw axis of the tetragonal crystal structure, a nontrivial tt Berry phase, as predicted for the Dirac fermions, is observed. However, in a magnetic field tilted away from the 001 direction, the tt Berry phase is evidently reduced, and a considerable enhancement of the effective mass is also revealed. Our observations demonstrate that the Dirac dispersion in Cd3As2 is effectively modified in a tilted magnetic field, whereas the preserved tt Berry phase in a magnetic field along the 001 direction can be related to the realization of the Weyl fermions. The sudden change of the SdH phase also indicates a possible topological phase transition induced by the symmetry-breaking effect.
Platelets are reprogrammed by cancer via a process called education, which favors cancer development. The transcriptional profile of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) is skewed and therefore ...practicable for cancer detection. This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n = 3; Netherlands, n = 5; Poland, n = 1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main out-comes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, and early-stage ovarian cancer. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities.
The features of ion and electron fishbone instabilities have been investigated during neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on HL-2A. Some new phenomena, such ...as frequency jumps and V-font-style sweeping, have been presented in the paper. Three kinds of i-fishbones, including hybrid sawtooth–fishbone (sawbone), run-on fishbone and classical fishbone, have been identified during NBI. During high power (
P
ECRH
> 0.7 MW) ECRH, the experimental results indicate that the e-fishbone frequencies are higher than those during low power ECRH, and are provided with up- and down-chirping behaviours, and sometimes also with V-font-style sweeping. The periodic mode frequency jumps have also been detected by a soft x-ray array. It is possible to correlate these phenomena with the redistribution of energetic electrons.
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