The impact of climate teleconnections on the regional hydrometeorology has been well studied, but very little effort has been made to relate climate teleconnections with groundwater flow variation. ...In this study, we used a wavelet coherence method to analyze monthly climate indices, precipitation, and spring discharge data, and investigated the relation between major teleconnection patterns (the Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Dipole) and karst hydrological process in Niangziguan Springs Basin, China. The results indicate precipitation and spring discharges correlate well with climate indices at intra‐ and inter‐annual time scales. Further, the climate indices are mainly correlated with precipitation at shorter periodicities, but correlated with spring discharge at longer scales. The difference reflects the modulation of karst aquifers on precipitation‐spring discharge during the processes of precipitation infiltration into the ground, and subsequent transformation into spring discharge. When teleconnection signals are transmitted into spring discharge via precipitation infiltration and groundwater propagation, some high‐frequency climatic signals are likely to be filtered, attenuated, and delayed, thus only low‐frequency climatic signals are preserved in spring discharge.
With the rapid development of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and photography technology, it is now possible to conduct aerial photogrammetry at low tide in the intertidal zone using UAV to generate ...high-resolution DEM(Digital Elevation Model), which can help interpret intertidal topographic relief and micro-geomorphic features. In this study, the intertidal zone near Heishijiao Park in Dalian City(121.554 E,38.869 N) was selected to investigate the DEM generation method in terms of data preparation, production process, and accuracy control. Low-altitude photogrammetry was carried out using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAV to explore the operation method and processing process of intertidal DEM generation, and its planimetric accuracy and elevation accuracy were checked after internal data processing. The applicability and accuracy reliability of the DEM model generated by this method were evaluated in conjunction with relevant measurement specifications. The results showed that, with the reasonable deployment of image control points, the medium error of the DEM plane is 0.190 m and the medium error of elevation is 0.174 m. The accuracy can meet the requirements of 1:500 large-scale mapping. The acquisition of a high-precision DEM enables accurate processing of the intertidal zone, allowing for digital terrain analysis of the area.
Large-scale atmospheric circulations significantly affect regional precipitation patterns. However, it is not well known whether and how these phenomena affect regional precipitation distribution in ...northern China. This paper reported the individual and coupled effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian summer monsoon (ISM), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on annual precipitation for the Ordos Basin, an arid and semi-arid basin, currently with major industries of coal, fossil oil, natural gas, and halite in north central China. Our results showed that ENSO and ISM exerted substantial impact on annual precipitation while the impact of PDO and AMO was relatively limited. There were 24 and 15 out of 33 stations showing significant differences (
p
< 0.1) in annual precipitation (from 1950 to 2013) for ENSO and ISM, respectively. The median precipitation across the basin during El Niño years was 21.49 % higher than that during La Niña years and 17.28 % higher during the positive phase of ISM years compared to the negative phase of the ISM years. The impacts of ENSO and ISM on precipitation were enhanced during a PDO cold phase but weakened in a PDO warm phase. The impact of ENSO was still enhanced by an AMO warm phase. The effects of climatic phenomena on precipitation showed a strong spatial difference in the Ordos Basin. The impact of ENSO was mostly evident around the edges of the basin while the impact of ISM decreases from south to north. The deserts (i.e., Hobq Desert and Mu Us Sandy Land) in the center of the basin were less affected by these large-scale climatic phenomena. An improved understanding of such relationships would be helpful in water resource planning and disaster management for the Ordos Basin.
Pseudolarix amabilis (Nelson) Rehd, is a monotypic genus plant belonging to the family Pinaceae. The root bark , known as “Tu-Jin-Pi” has been used for the treatment of skin diseases. During our ...activity screening, the water-soluble part of the 70% EtOH extract of P. amabilis bark showed excellent inhibitory bioactivities on PTP1B enzyme, leading to the phytochemical isolation of the root bark of P. amabilis. Three oleanane-type compounds (1-3) and seven phenolic compounds (4-10) were isolated, in which oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronyl-6′-ethyl ester (1) was identified as a new saponin. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution mass spectra. In addition, their pharmacological inhibitory bioactivities on PTP1B enzyme were evaluated, and the three oleanane-type compounds 1-3 exhibited inhibitory bioactivities with IC50 values of 1.90 ± 0.37, 19.15 ± 0.10 and 10.44 ± 0.59 μM, respectively.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant solid tumor characterized by rich vascularization. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 9 (PSG9) is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)/PSG ...family and is produced at high levels during pregnancy. We previously identified PSG9 as an HCC-related protein. However, the expression of PSG9 and its regulation during HCC carcinogenesis remain poorly explored. In the present study, we first found that the levels of PSG9 protein were significantly increased in the plasma of HCC patients. PSG9 overexpression also increased the proliferation ability of an HCC cell line. High expression of PSG9 was associated with angiogenesis by accelerating VEGFA expression. In addition, Cox's proportional hazards model analysis revealed that the plasma level of PSG9 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. We propose that PSG9 is a novel indicator of prognosis in patients with HCC and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for HCC. Furthermore, our results indicate that PSG9 protein may facilitate the development of HCC by fostering angiogenesis via promoting VEGFA production in cancer cells.
Dear Editor, Recently, interspecies chimera formation has been established in rodents by injection of rat pluripotent stem cells （PSCs） into mouse early embryos, and such a system provides an in vivo ...assay to test the developmental potential of human PSCs （hPSCs） 1. In addition, the interspecies chimeras formed between hPSCs and large animal embryos would open new avenues to generate human tissues and organs for regenerative medicine 2. In rodents, embryonic stem cells （ESCs） and epiblast stem cells （EpiSCs） have been derived from inner cell mass （ICM） of the blastocyst and post-implantation epiblast respectively 3, 4.
Currently,multicast survivability in optical network obtains more attention.This paper focuses on the field of multicast grooming shared protection in green optical network and designs a novel ...auxiliary graph and a shared matrix to address the survivable multicast resource consumption.This paper also proposes a new heuristic called Green Multicast Grooming algorithm based on spanning path Cross-Shared protection（GMGCSP）,in which network reliability,energy efficiency and resource utilization are jointly considered.Simulation results testify that,compared to other algorithms,the proposed GMG-CSP not only has lower blocking probability and higher bandwidth utilization ratio,but also saves more energy.
The amino acid antiporter system Xc
is important for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) that functions to prevent lipid peroxidation and protect cells from nonapoptotic, iron-dependent death (i.e., ...ferroptosis). While the activity of system Xc
often positively correlates with the expression level of its light chain encoded by SLC7A11, inhibition of system Xc
activity by small molecules (e.g., erastin) causes a decrease in the intracellular GSH level, leading to ferroptotic cell death. How system Xc
is regulated during ferroptosis remains largely unknown. Here we report that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a common stress sensor, can promote ferroptosis induced by erastin. ATF3 suppressed system Xc
, depleted intracellular GSH, and thereby promoted lipid peroxidation induced by erastin. ATF3 achieved this activity through binding to the SLC7A11 promoter and repressing SLC7A11 expression in a p53-independent manner. These findings thus add ATF3 to a short list of proteins that can regulate system Xc
and promote ferroptosis repressed by this antiporter.
Two-dimensional (2D) MoS2, which has great potential for optoelectronic and other applications, is thermodynamically stable and hence easily synthesized in its semiconducting 2H phase. In contrast, ...growth of its metastable 1T and 1T′ phases is hampered by their higher formation energy. Here we use theoretical calculations to design a potassium (K)-assisted chemical vapour deposition method for the phase-selective growth of 1T′ MoS2 monolayers and 1T′/2H heterophase bilayers. This is realized by tuning the concentration of K in the growth products to invert the stability of the 1T′ and 2H phases. The synthesis of 1T′ MoS2 monolayers with high phase purity allows us to characterize their intrinsic optical and electrical properties, revealing a characteristic in-plane anisotropy. This phase-controlled bottom-up synthesis offers a simple and efficient way of manipulating the relevant device structures, and provides a general approach for producing other metastable-phase 2D materials with unique properties.
Searching for advanced microwave absorption (MA) nanomaterials is one of the most feasible ways to address the increasing electromagnetic pollution in both military and civil fields. To this end, ...graphene and MXene have won the widespread attention as the main representatives due to their remarkable structures and properties. The common features such as the large aspect ratio, active chemical surface, and varieties of synthesis processes endow graphene and MXene with unique superiorities for developing high‐efficiency MA structures, in particular lightweight assemblies and various hybrids. Meanwhile, the structural and performance differences (such as different conductivities) between them result in distinctive techniques in the design, fabrication, and application of their MA materials. Herein, the research progress in graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in general strategies. Moreover, through the comparison between graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials, their respective advantages in achieving high‐performance MA are presented. Furthermore, the future challenge, research orientation, and prospect for these MA materials are also highlighted and discussed.
The research progress in graphene‐ and MXene‐based microwave absorption (MA) materials are reviewed with a special focus on advances in general strategies. Moreover, their respective advantages in achieving high‐performance MA are presented based on performance comparison. Furthermore, the future challenges, research orientation, and prospect for these MA materials are also highlighted and discussed.
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