Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and there are limited effective treatment strategies. QHRD106, a polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified long-acting tissue kallikrein ...preparation, has not been reported previously. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of QHRD106 in ischemic stroke and its possible mechanism. We found that QHRD106 treatment alleviated brain injury after stroke via bradykinin (BK) receptor B2 (B2R) instead of BK receptor B1 (B1R). Mechanistically, QHRD106 reduced high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced apoptosis and inflammation after ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we confirmed that QHRD106 reduced the level of acetylated HMGB1 and reduced the binding between heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1) and HMGB1, thus inhibiting the translocation and release of HMGB1. In summary, these findings indicate that QHRD106 treatment has therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemic stroke.
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•QHRD106 is a long-acting intramuscular tissue kallikrein injection•QHRD106 attenuates ischemic stroke injury through B2R instead of B1R•QHRD106 reduces HMGB1 release by neurons and microglial cells after ischemic stroke
Pharmacology; Biochemistry; Physiology; Neuroscience
Background
The prevalence of dementia in China, particularly in rural areas, is consistently increasing; however, research on population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of risk factors for dementia is ...scarce.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey, namely, the China Multicentre Dementia Survey (CMDS) in selected rural and urban areas from 2018 to 2020. We performed face-to-face interviews and neuropsychological and clinical assessments to reach a consensus on dementia diagnosis. Prevalence and weighted PAFs of eight modifiable risk factors (six classical: less childhood education, hearing impairment, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, and social isolation, and two novels: olfactory decline and being unmarried) for all-cause dementia were estimated.
Results
Overall, CMDS included 17,589 respondents aged ≥ 65 years, 55.6% of whom were rural residents. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence for all-cause dementia was 9.11% (95% CI 8.96–9.26), 5.19% (5.07–5.31), and 11.98% (11.8–12.15) in the whole, urban, and rural areas of China, respectively. Further, the overall weighted PAFs of the eight potentially modifiable risk factors were 53.72% (95% CI 52.73–54.71), 50.64% (49.4–51.89), and 56.54% (55.62–57.46) in the whole, urban, and rural areas of China, respectively. The eight risk factors’ prevalence differed between rural and urban areas. Lower childhood education (PAF: 13.92%) and physical inactivity (16.99%) were primary risk factors in rural and urban areas, respectively.
Conclusions
The substantial urban–rural disparities in the prevalence of dementia and its risk factors exist, suggesting the requirement of resident-specific dementia-prevention strategies.
Clinical characteristics and outcome in COVID-19 with brucellosis patients has not been well demonstrated, we tried to analyze clinical outcome in local and literature COVID-19 cases with brucellosis ...before and after recovery.
We retrospectively collected hospitalization data of comorbid patients and prospectively followed up after discharge in Heilongjiang Infectious Disease Hospital from January 15, 2020 to April 29, 2022. Demographics, epidemiological, clinical symptoms, radiological and laboratory data, treatment medicines and outcomes, and follow up were analyzed, and findings of a systematic review were demonstrated.
A total of four COVID-19 with brucellosis patients were included. One patient had active brucellosis before covid and 3 patients had nonactive brucellosis before brucellosis. The median age was 54.5 years, and all were males (100.0%). Two cases (50.0%) were moderate, and one was mild and asymptomatic, respectively. Three cases (75.0%) had at least one comorbidity (brucellosis excluded). All 4 patients were found in COVID-19 nucleic acid screening. Case C and D had only headache and fever on admission, respectively. Four cases were treated with Traditional Chinese medicine, western medicines for three cases, no adverse reaction occurred during hospitalization. All patients were cured and discharged. Moreover, one case (25.0%) had still active brucellosis without re-positive COVID-19, and other three cases (75.0%) have no symptoms of discomfort except one case fell fatigue and anxious during the follow-up period after recovery. Conducting the literature review, two similar cases have been reported in two case reports, and were both recovered, whereas, no data of follow up after recovery.
These cases indicate that COVID-19 patients with brucellosis had favorable outcome before and after recovery. More clinical studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.
The neutron-induced total cross sections of natural lead have been measured in a wide energy range (0.3 eV–20 MeV) on the back-streaming white neutron beamline (Back-n) at the China Spallation ...Neutron Source. Neutron energy was determined by the neutron total cross-section spectrometer using the time-of-flight technique. A fast multi-cell fission chamber was used as the neutron detector, and a 10-mm-thick high-purity natural lead sample was employed for the neutron transmission measurements. The on-beam background was determined using Co, In, Ag, and Cd filters. The excitation function of
nat
Pb(n, tot) reaction below 20 MeV was calculated using the TALYS-1.96 nuclear-reaction modeling program. The present results were compared with previous results, the evaluated data available in the five major evaluated nuclear data libraries (i.e., ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-5, CENDL-3.2, and BROND-3.1), and the theoretical calculation curve. Good agreement was found between the new results and those of previous experiments and with the theoretical curves in the corresponding region. This measurement obtained the neutron total cross section of natural lead with good accuracy over a wide energy range and added experimental data in the resonance energy range. This provides more reliable experimental data for nuclear engineering design and nuclear data evaluation of lead.
A novel marine compound xyloketal B protects against oxidized LDL-induced endothelial cell injury through attenuating ROS generation and promoting NO release.
Xyloketal B is a novel marine compound ...with unique chemical structure isolated from mangrove fungus
Xylaria sp. (no. 2508). Pretreatment with xyloketal B (0.63–40
μM) significantly improved oxLDL (150
μg/ml)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) without either toxic or proliferative effects. Xyloketal B concentration-dependently attenuated oxLDL-induced ROS generation, peroxynitrite formation and decrease of Bcl-2 expression. In addition, xyloketal B significantly inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, as well as mRNA expression of gp91
phox and p47
phox. Furthermore, xyloketal B alone augmented the production of nitric oxide (NO). Collectively, these data indicate that xyloketal B protects against oxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative injury probably through inhibiting NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation, promoting NO production and restoring Bcl-2 expression, making it a promising compound for further evaluation in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
We report 2 cases of neonatal Legionella infection associated with aspiration of contaminated water used in hospitals to make infant formula. The molecular profiles of Legionella strains isolated ...from samples from the infants and from water dispensers were indistinguishable. Our report highlights the need to consider nosocomial legionellosis among neonates who have respiratory symptoms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of cheap, abundant, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgently needed for hydrogen production from water splitting. Herein, we ...demonstrate a novel OER electrocatalyst (NiFe(CN)
NO/Ni
S
) prepared by coupling Ni
S
and a bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF) of NiFe(CN)
NO on nickel foam (NF) via a simple two-step route. The NiFe(CN)
NO/Ni
S
electrocatalyst displays an interesting rod-like hierarchical architecture assembled by ultrathin nanosheets. The combination of NiFe(CN)
NO and Ni
S
optimizes the electronic structure of the metal active sites and increases the electron transfer capability. Benefitting from the synergistic effect between Ni
S
and the NiFe-MOF as well as the unique hierarchical architecture, the NiFe(CN)
NO/Ni
S
/NF electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic OER activity with ultralow overpotentials of 162/197 mV at 10/100 mA cm
and an ultrasmall Tafel slope of 26 mV dec
in 1.0 M KOH, which are far superior to those of the individual NiFe(CN)
NO, Ni
S
and commercial IrO
catalysts. In particular, unlike common metal sulfide-based electrocatalysts, the composition, morphology and microstructure of the NiFe-MOF/Ni
S
composite electrocatalyst can be well retained after the OER, which endows it with fantastic long-term durability. This work offers a new strategy for the construction of novel and high-efficiency MOF-based composite electrocatalysts for energy applications.
Backgroud
Current understanding of injury and regeneration of islet β‐cells in diabetes is mainly based on rodent studies. The tree shrew is now generally accepted as being among the closest living ...relatives of primates, and has been widely used in animal experimentation. However, there are few reports on islet cell composition and regeneration of β‐cells in tree shrews.
Methods
In this study, we examined the changes in islet cell composition and regeneration of β‐cells after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment in tree shrews compared with Sprague‐Dawley rats. Injury and regeneration of islet β‐cells were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and PDX‐1.
Results
Our data showed that in rats islet injury was most obvious on day 3 after injection, and islet morphologies were significantly restored by day 21. Regeneration of islet β‐cells was very pronounced in rats, and mainly involved regeneration of centro‐acinar cells and transformation of extra‐islet ductal cells. In tree shrews, the regeneration of islet β‐cells was not as significant. On days 3 and 7, only scattered regenerated cells were observed in the remaining islets. Further, no regeneration of centro‐acinar cells was observed.
Conclusion
The results suggest that the repair mechanism of islet β‐cells in tree shrews is similar to that of humans.
Tellurene is a new member of the two-dimensional (2D) materials' family, whose existence has been recently confirmed by first principles calculation and experimental work. Tellurene is also the first ...2D mono-elemental material of group-VI predicted by scientists, and investigations of its basic properties are still in their infancy. In this study, we use first principles calculation based on density functional theory to investigate the adsorption of nineteen typical adatoms (Li, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, B, N, O, Si, Cl, and Al), and five typical gas molecules (H
2
, O
2
, H
2
O, NO
2
, and NH
3
) on α-phase as well as β-phase tellurene sheets. Our calculations shows that most adatoms are chemisorbed on tellurene sheets with large adsorption energies. Moreover, some of the adatoms are observed to give rise to distinct structural deformations and even local reconstructions. We report that a variety of electronic states are induced by the adatoms, which implies that different electronic structures can be engineered by the adsorption of adatoms. In fact, n-type doping, p-type doping, half-metal, and spin-gapless semiconductor features can be acquired by doping adatoms on tellurene sheets. Our calculations also show that the five gas molecules are all physisorbed on tellurene sheets, and no splitting behaviors are observed. Therefore, the adsorption of the five gas molecules has a weak effect on the electronic properties of tellurene. To conclude, our results indicate that adatom engineering may be used to greatly expand the potential applications of 2D tellurene.
Tellurene is a new member of the two-dimensional (2D) materials' family, whose existence has been recently confirmed by first principles calculation and experimental work.
ABSTRACT
Gut microbiota can regulate many physiological processes within gastrointestinal tract and other distal sites. Dysbiosis may not only influence chronic diseases like the inflammatory bowel ...disease (IBD), metabolic disease, tumor and its therapeutic efficacy, but also deteriorate acute injuries. This article aims to review the documents in this field and summarize the research hotspots as well as developing processes. Gut microbiota and immune microenvironment-related documents from 1976 to 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometrics was used to assess the core authors and journals, most contributive countries and affiliations together with hotspots in this field and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Data were visualized to help comprehension. Nine hundred and twelve documents about gut microbiota and immune microenvironment were retrieved, and the annual publications increased gradually. The most productive author, country, and affiliation were “Zitvogel L,” USA and “UNIV TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,” respectively. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, CANCERS, and INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCE were the periodicals with most publications. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified three clusters, including gut microbiota, inflammation, and IBD. Combined with the visualized analysis of documents and keyword co-occurrence as well as literature reading, we recognized three key topics of gut microbiota: cancer and therapy; immunity, inflammation and IBD; acute injuries and metabolic diseases. This article revealed researches on gut microbiota and immune microenvironment were growing. More attention should be given to the latest hotspots like gut microbiota, inflammation, IBD, cancer and immunotherapy, acute traumas, and metabolic diseases.
IMPORTANCE
Gut microbiota can regulate many physiological processes within gastrointestinal tract and other distal sites. Dysbiosis may not only influence chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic disease, tumor and its therapeutic efficacy, but also deteriorate acute injuries. While the application of bibliometrics in the field of gut microbiota and immune microenvironment still remains blank, which focused more on the regulation of the gut microbiota on the immune microenvironment of different kinds of diseases. Here, we intended to review and summarize the presented documents in gut microbiota and immune microenvironment field by bibliometrics. And we revealed researches on gut microbiota and immune microenvironment were growing. More attention should be given to the latest hotspots like gut microbiota, inflammation, IBD, cancer and immunotherapy, acute traumas, and metabolic diseases.
Gut microbiota can regulate many physiological processes within gastrointestinal tract and other distal sites. Dysbiosis may not only influence chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic disease, tumor and its therapeutic efficacy, but also deteriorate acute injuries. While the application of bibliometrics in the field of gut microbiota and immune microenvironment still remains blank, which focused more on the regulation of the gut microbiota on the immune microenvironment of different kinds of diseases. Here, we intended to review and summarize the presented documents in gut microbiota and immune microenvironment field by bibliometrics. And we revealed researches on gut microbiota and immune microenvironment were growing. More attention should be given to the latest hotspots like gut microbiota, inflammation, IBD, cancer and immunotherapy, acute traumas, and metabolic diseases.
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