Interior insulation is a crucial retrofit measure to improve the energy performance of historical building while preserving their exterior appearance. However, it affects the hygrothermal behaviour ...of the wall and for this reason it must be planned with a very detailed and careful approach. This becomes even more important when dealing with buildings that are subject to extreme climate conditions such as mountain huts. They are typically exposed to very cold temperatures for all year and to an elevated driving rain load. This paper presents the methodology followed to design the interior insulation intervention of a mountain hut located in Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy). The methodology is centred around the use of hygrothermal dynamical simulations at component level, but several other tools are used to identify the right input for these simulations: the analysis of monitoring data of nearby weather stations to define the exterior climate, simulations at the building level to calculate the interior climate and laboratory measurements to identify the correct material properties.
Abstract Background The mechanisms causing age-dependent changes in left ventricular (LV) structure and function are not completely understood. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of ...metalloproteinases (TIMPs) constitute one important proteolytic pathway affecting LV remodeling. However, whether these determinants of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition change as a function of age has not been examined in an aging population free of clinically significant cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Subjects (n = 77, age 20–90 years) with no evidence of cardiovascular disease underwent echocardiography and measurement of plasma MMP-2, 7, 8, and 9 and TIMP-1, 2, and 4 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). As subject age increased, volume/mass ratio decreased and mitral E/A ratio decreased. As subject age increased, MMP-2 increased (from 1188 ± 99 ng/mL to 1507 ± 76 ng/mL), MMP-7 increased (from 1.2 ± 0.1 ng/mL to 3.1 ± 0.6 ng/mL), MMP-9 decreased (from 29 ± 7 ng/mL to 8 ± 2 ng/mL), and TIMP-1, 2, and 4 increased (from 728 ± 46 ng/mL to 1093 ± 73 ng/mL, from 34 ± 5 ng/mL to 53 ± 6 ng/mL, and from 1.26 ± 0.22 ng/mL to 2.34 ± 0.30 ng/mL, respectively) (all P < .05). There were significant correlations between decreased LV volume/mass and E/A ratio and increased MMP-7 and TIMP-1 and 4. Conclusions MMPs and TIMPs changed as a function of age in the absence of clinically significant cardiovascular disease. These age-dependent alterations in MMP and TIMP profiles favor ECM accumulation and were associated with concentric remodeling and decreased LV diastolic function. Because of these age-dependent changes in this proteolytic system, the superimposition of disease processes such as myocardial infarction or hypertensive heart disease in the older subject may result in different myocardial ECM remodeling than that seen in a younger subject.
The PADME beam line Monte Carlo simulation Bossi, F.; Branchini, P.; Buonomo, B. ...
The journal of high energy physics,
09/2022, Letnik:
2022, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
The PADME experiment at the DAΦNE Beam-Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Laboratory of Frascati is designed to search for invisible decays of dark sector particles produced in ...electron-positron annihilation events with a positron beam and a thin fixed target, by measuring the missing mass of single-photon final states. The presence of backgrounds originating from beam halo particles can significantly reduce the sensitivity of the experiment. To thoroughly understand the origin of the beam background contribution, a detailed G
eant
4-based Monte Carlo simulation has been developed, containing a full description of the detector together with the beam line and its optical elements. This simulation allows the full interactions of each particle to be described, both during beam line transport and during detection, a possibility which represents an innovative way to obtain reliable background predictions.
A possible solution to the dark matter problem postulates that dark particles can interact with Standard Model particles only through a new force mediated by a "portal". If the new force has a U(1) ...gauge structure, the "portal" is a massive photon-like vector particle, called dark photon or A′. The PADME experiment at the DAΦNE Beam-Test Facility (BTF) in Frascati is designed to detect dark photons produced in positron on fixed target annihilations decaying to dark matter (e+e-→γA′) by measuring the final state missing mass. The experiment will be composed of a thin active diamond target where a 550 MeV positron beam will impinge to produce e+e- annihilation events. The surviving beam will be deflected with a magnet while the photons produced in the annihilation will be measured by a calorimeter composed of BGO crystals. To reject the background from Bremsstrahlung gamma production, a set of segmented plastic scintillator vetoes will be used to detect positrons exiting the target with an energy lower than that of the beam, while a fast small angle calorimeter will be used to reject the e+e-→γγ(γ) background. To optimize the experimental layout in terms of signal acceptance and background rejection, the full layout of the experiment was modelled with the GEANT4 simulation package. In this paper we will describe the details of the simulation and report on the results obtained with the software.
Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 LI), the percentage Ki67 immunoreactive cells, is a measure of tumor proliferation, with important clinical relevance in breast cancer, and it is extremely important to ...standardize its evaluation.
To test the efficacy of computer assisted image analysis (CAIA) applied to completely digitized slides and to assess its feasibility in routine practice and compare the results obtained using two different Ki67 monoclonal antibodies.
315 consecutive breast cancer routinely immunostained for Ki-67 (223 with SP6 and 92 with MM1 antibodies previously examined by an experienced pathologist, have been re-evaluated using Aperio Scanscope Xs.
Mean human Ki67 LI values were 36%± 14.% and 28% ± 18% respectively for SP6 and MM1 antibodies; mean CAM Ki67 LI values were 31%± 19% and 22% ± 18% respectively for SP6 and MM1. Human and CAIA evaluation are statistically highly correlated (Pearson: 0.859, p<0.0001), although human LI are systematically higher. An interobserver variation study on CAIA performed on 84 cases showed that the correlation between the two evaluations was linear to an excellent degree.
Our study shows that a) CAIA can be easily adopted in routine practice, b) human and CAIA Ki67 LI are highly correlated, although human LI are systematically higher, c) Ki67 LI using different evaluation methods and different antibodies shows important differences in cut-off values.
We analyze the capacity scaling laws of mobile ad hoc networks comprising heterogeneous nodes and spatial inhomogeneities. Most of previous work relies on the assumption that nodes are identical and ...uniformly visit the entire network space. Experimental data, however, show that the mobility pattern of individual nodes is usually restricted over the area, while the overall node density is often largely inhomogeneous due to the presence of node concentration points. In this paper we introduce a general class of mobile networks which incorporates both restricted mobility and inhomogeneous node density, and describe a methodology to compute the asymptotic throughput achievable in these networks by the store-carry-forward communication paradigm. We show how the analysis can be mapped, under mild assumptions, into a Maximum Concurrent Flow (MCF) problem over an associated Generalized Random Geometric Graph (GRGG). Moreover, we propose an asymptotically optimal scheduling and routing scheme that achieves the maximum network capacity.
A possible solution to the Dark Matter problem postulates that it interacts with Standard Model particles through a new force mediated by a "portal". If the new force has a U(1) gauge structure, the ..."portal" is a massive photon-like vector particle, called dark photon or A'. The PADME experiment at the DAΦNE Beam-Test Facility (BTF) in Frascati is designed to detect dark photons produced in positron on fixed target annihilations decaying to dark matter (e+e-→γA′) by measuring the final state missing mass. One of the key roles of the experiment will be played by the electromagnetic calorimeter, which will be used to measure the properties of the final state recoil γ. The calorimeter will be composed by 616 21×21×230 mm3 BGO crystals oriented with the long axis parallel to the beam direction and disposed in a roughly circular shape with a central hole to avoid the pile up due to the large number of low angle Bremsstrahlung photons. The total energy and position of the electromagnetic shower generated by a photon impacting on the calorimeter can be reconstructed by collecting the energy deposits in the cluster of crystals interested by the shower. In PADME we are testing two different clustering algorithms, PADME-Radius and PADME-Island, based on two complementary strategies. In this paper we will describe the two algorithms, with the respective implementations, and report on the results obtained with them at the PADME energy scale (< 1 GeV), both with a GEANT4 based simulation and with an existing 5×5 matrix of BGO crystals tested at the DAΦNE BTF.
The PADME experiment will search for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">e^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow \gamma A^{\prime } </tex-math></inline-formula> process in a positron-on-target ...experiment, assuming a decay of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">A^{\prime } </tex-math></inline-formula> into invisible particles of the hidden sector. The 550-MeV positron beam of the DA<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Phi </tex-math></inline-formula>NE beam-test facility (BTF), at Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, will be used. The suppression of the background, due to bremsstrahlung emission from the beam positrons, requires highly efficient charged-particle detectors with optimized geometry. A fine-grained plastic scintillator veto composed of three stations operating in vacuum is proposed. Two stations, placed inside a dipole magnet with 0.6-T magnetic field, will also provide momentum measurement at the percent level. Different prototypes for the design of the detector elements, the photosensor, and the front-end electronics were studied with single electron beam at the DA<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Phi </tex-math></inline-formula>NE BTF to choose the optimal technologies and construction solutions. PADME is currently under construction, and it is planned to begin data collection in 2018. The design of the charged-particle vetoes and the test beam performance of the prototypes are reviewed.
Balancing conservation of historic buildings and improvement of their energy performance is a challenging task that involves multiple factors. Prescriptive standards for interventions of internal ...insulation in modern materials are not compatible with conservation of historic plasters and thus a more detailed and sympathetic approach must be used. Knowing the hygric behaviour of historic plasters is a prerequisite in the assessment of any intervention of internal insulation. In this paper, four different methods for the quantification of the water absorption coefficient, laboratory and onsite based, are presented and applied to an outstanding case study in Tyrol (AT). The variability observed, between methods but also between the different layers of plasters found onsite and even between measurements, highlighted the need for robust guidelines for the application and interpretation of the results. This study summarises the numerous factors influencing the result of the water absorption measurement and shows a first investigation into one of these aspects (heterogeneity of the wall). Numerical simulation has proven to be an effective tool to use in combination with experimental results in testing the effect of the different parameters affecting the water absorption characterisation of historic plasters.
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