To detect an outbreak-related source of Legionella, control the outbreak, and prevent additional Legionella infections from occurring.
Epidemiologic investigation of an acute outbreak of ...hospital-associated Legionnaires disease among outpatients and visitors to a Wisconsin hospital.
Patients with laboratory-confirmed Legionnaires disease who resided in southeastern Wisconsin and had illness onsets during February and March 2010.
Patients with Legionnaires disease were interviewed using a hypothesis-generating questionnaire. On-site investigation included sampling of water and other potential environmental sources for Legionella testing. Case-finding measures included extensive notification of individuals potentially exposed at the hospital and alerts to area healthcare and laboratory personnel.
Laboratory-confirmed Legionnaires disease was diagnosed in 8 patients, all of whom were present at the same hospital during the 10 days prior to their illness onsets. Six patients had known exposure to a water wall-type decorative fountain near the main hospital entrance. Although the decorative fountain underwent routine cleaning and maintenance, high counts of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 were isolated from cultures of a foam material found above the fountain trough.
This outbreak of Legionnaires disease was associated with exposure to a decorative fountain located in a hospital public area. Routine cleaning and maintenance of fountains does not eliminate the risk of bacterial contamination. Our findings highlight the need to evaluate the safety of water fountains installed in any area of a healthcare facility.
The principle of the new Ellipso-Height Topometry and the basic relations for measurement and calibration are shown in detail. First topography sets are presented and discussed: topography of the ...height, of the ellipsometric angles Ψ and Δ, of the real and imaginary part of the complex refractive index, of the corrected heights, of the local thickness, and material maps. Results for two different samples are presented: a photolithographic object with microstructures of silicon and SiO
2 and a rough surface of a cylinder bore of a automobile engine, demonstrating the use for industrial application.
Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol Borgatta, Lynn; Burnhill, Michael S; Tyson, Judith ...
Obstetrics and gynecology (New York. 1953),
2001, 2001-January, 2001-Jan, 2001-1-00, 20010101, Letnik:
97, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Objective: To evaluate the introduction of an early medical abortion program with methotrexate and misoprostol, using a standardized protocol.
Methods: A total of 1973 women at 34 Planned Parenthood ...sites participated in a case series of early medical abortion. Ultrasound was used to confirm gestational age of less than 49 days from the first day of the last menstrual period. Women were given intramuscular methotrexate 50 mg/m
2 of body surface area on day 1, and then they inserted misoprostol 800 μg vaginally at home on day 5, 6, or 7. Women were advised to have a suction curettage if the pregnancy appeared viable 2 weeks after methotrexate or if any gestational sac persisted 4 weeks after methotrexate. Outcomes were complete medical abortion and suction curettage.
Results: Sixteen hundred fifty-nine women (84.1%) had a complete medical abortion, and 257 (13.0%) had suction curettage. The most common reason for curettage was patient option (8.9%). At 2 weeks after methotrexate use, 1.4% of women had curettage because of a viable pregnancy; at 4 weeks, 1.6% of women had curettage because of a persistent but nonviable pregnancy. One percent of women had curettage because of physician recommendation, most commonly for bleeding. Suction curettage rates decreased with site experience (
P < .006) and were lower at early gestational ages (
P < .004) and in nulliparous women (
P < .004).
Conclusion: Medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol is safe and effective and can be offered in a community setting.
The cultivation of Leucospermum for profit has potential for Hawaii growers if improved horticultural characteristics, disease resistance, and tolerance to tropical weather conditions could be ...incorporated into new cultivars. The protea cultivar development program at the University of Hawaii is an example of an effort to create such improved cultivars. An outline of the approach and highlights of some successes are presented.
Ellipso-height-topometry, EHT, as introduced by Leonhardt, et al. Interferometry for ellipso-height-topometry, part 1, Optik 113 (2003) 513–519; Topometry for locally changing materials, Opt. Lett. ...23 (1998) 1772–1774; Ellipso-height topometry, Optik 112 (2001) 413–420 is an extended topometry where topographies of the surface height
H(
x,
y), the ellipsometric parameters
Ψ(
x,
y) and
Δ(
x,
y) (and optionally the intensity distribution
I(
x,
y)) of the surface are measured on the same pixel raster and with high resolution. Thus, we can dispose over a set of (mutually coherent) topographies, and further topographies of quantities of interest can be calculated from this set: the local change in the complex refractive index
N(
x,
y)=
n(
x,
y)−
k(
x,
y)
i of bulk surfaces, the thickness distribution
t(
x,
y) of locally changing (discontinuous) films and overlayers, and a correction of the optically measured local height
H(
x,
y). The height error Δ
H(
x,
y) can be calculated from the ellipsometric data and the true height
h(
x,
y)=
H(
x,
y)
−Δ
H(
x,
y) is thus obtained. Δ
H(
x,
y) can assume large values when overlayers of oxidations or residues from lubrication oil or from processing are present. Much more information about the surface is gained with this concept.
In part 1 of this work a
z-scanning interferometric scheme with oblique incidence over the entire object field has been introduced, with the advantages of white-light interferometry, but with the additional capability of measuring material information to supply a complete set of topographies for extended topometry. In addition, very useful coherence properties for interferometry with oblique incidence were presented and discussed which allow to shape the interferogram in a simple way without any additional devices. In this part we derive the theory of the ellipsometric measurement and present first results by complete sets of two different samples.
In March 1992, a cluster of 89 persons with tuberculosis infection was identified in San Mateo County, California. Thirteen persons (15%), including 11 children, were diagnosed with active pulmonary ...tuberculosis. All contacts were African Americans who resided in or visited one of two houses used for crack cocaine smoking or dealing. The patient with the index case, a male infected with human immunodeficiency virus, contributed to the transmission of tuberculosis as a transient resident of several dwellings. Public health authorities applied unique intervention methods to control the outbreak, including the use of a mobile health van. Further innovative strategies will be necessary to meet the challenge of this reemerging disease.
Summary
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a ssDNA virus transmitted by the banana aphid, (Pentalonia nigronervosa). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to study BBTV transmission ...efficiency, to determine the minimum acquisition‐access period, the minimum inoculation‐access period, the retention time, and to examine the possibility of transovarial transmission in this vector. BBTV was acquired by banana aphids within 4 h and was transmitted within 15 min feeding. On average, more than 65% of single viruliferous adult aphids transmitted BBTV. The aphids retained BBTV for their adulthood of 15–20 days. None of the 131 offspring from adult aphids reared on infected bananas were BBTV positive. Aphid transmission experiments were conducted to determine if taro and gingers are hosts of BBTV. None of the 87 taro and ginger plants exposed to aphid inoculation were infected by BBTV. The BBTV‐free status of these plants was verified by PCR assay for 6 months post‐inoculation. In addition, none of the taro and ginger samples collected from fields adjacent to BBTV‐infected banana plants tested positive for BBTV.
Insulated atomic force microscopy probes carrying gold conductive tips were fabricated and employed as bifunctional force and current sensors in electrolyte solutions under electrochemical potential ...control. The application of the probes for current-sensing imaging, force and current-distance spectroscopy as well as scanning electrochemical microscopy experiments was demonstrated.
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