The paper presents the study of the temperature evolution of the phonon spectra of the PbZr 0.985 Ti 0.015 O 3 in the vicinity of the M-point of the Brillouin zone in the temperature range from 518 K ...to 800 K using inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). The spectra provided by IXS at temperatures far above the transition temperature can be well described by the combination of coupled transverse acoustic and antiferrodistortive "oxygen" modes. Additional contributions from the longitudinal acoustic and some high-energy modes were found. However, this model does not correctly describe the data at 518 K close to the transition temperature T tr ≈513 K, due to the emergence of the additional central peak. The model describing data in the whole temperature range is proposed. Assumptions about the nature of the central peak arising close to transition temperature are made.
Background. Standard therapy for deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities includes anticoagulants and antiaggregants. Dangerous complications seriously limit the use of thrombolytic plasminogen ...activators. We have developed an oral thrombolytic, wich is subtilisin immobilized on polyethylene glycol - Trombovazim, and present the main results of the study on the efficacy and safety of lower limbs deep vein thrombosis treatment with the inclusion of this thrombolytic in therapy.Methods. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, "VETTER-1". All 154 volunteers received only conservative standard therapy. None of the participants underwent surgical intervention. The mode of mechanical compression was not taken into account. All participants were divided into 2 groups - control and observation. The control group (n=59) received a placebo, and the observation group was divided into 3 subgroups who received tested drug at a dose of 1600, 3200 and 4800 U/day. The drug effectiveness was determined by means of an objective control method - blood flow ultrasound angioscanning. Statistical treatment of the results was carried out after trial completion.Results. Comparison of revascularization in the zone of compromised blood flow revealed a distinct dose-dependent effect: subgroups that received drug at a dose of 1600, 3200 and 4800 U/day showed a relative frequency of positive dynamics of 0.7070 (+21%, p = 0.0535, n=28), 0.7257 (+24%, p = 0.0188, n=32) and 0.7470 (+28%, p = 0.0082, n=35) respectively. The study did not reveal any negative dynamics in the observation group, and recorded 3 such cases in the control group. The difference between frequency of thrombus lysis in the observation group was 0.87 versus 0.63 in the control group (p = 0.07). All participants who received tested drug at a dose of 4800 U/day demonstrated complete dissolution of thrombus. The safety assessment was based on the analysis of vital functions, laboratory and instrumental examination of subgroup receiving the maximum drug dosage, and did not reveal any undesirable events at all visits during trials.Conclusions. Trombovazim at a dose of 3200 and 4800 U/day statistically significantly increases the effectiveness of the treatment, does not cause hemorrhagic complications and is well tolerated by patients.
The relativistic gyrotron with thermionic magnetron-injection gun was developed and experimentally tested at 3-mm wavelength band. The gyrotron yielded stable generation of the rotating TE12,5,1 mode ...of a circular waveguide cavity with 250 kV/100A helical electron beam. The mode was transformed into the Gaussian wave beam by a built-in mode converter. Output power of the gyrotron was over 5 MW in pulses with durations of about 0.5 μs.
Engineering solutions are widely used for the mitigation of flood and erosion risks and have new challenges because of the expected effects induced by climate change in particular sea level rise and ...increase of storminess.
This chapter describes both active methods of mitigation based on the reduction of the incident wave energy, such as the use of wave energy converters, floating breakwaters and artificial reefs, and passive methods, consisting of increase in overtopping resistance of dikes, improvement of resilience of breakwaters against failures, and the use of beach nourishment as well as tailored dredging operations.
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