Recently a scheme for the coupling of the one-dimensional core transport code ASTRA and the two-dimensional edge transport code B2SOLPS was developed, thus providing the integrated modelling of ...tokamak discharge. Here, this scheme is improved by taking impurities into account and by considering a real flux surface shape using the equilibrium code SPIDER. This integrated modelling is applied to discharges of the spherical tokamak Globus-M to study the dependence of the scrape-off layer (SOL) width and divertor heat loads on the discharge power and the plasma current. Since these values, together with the magnetic field, are relatively small in Globus-M, this study can test the existing scaling against data in a wider range of tokamak operational parameters. The modelling results agree reasonably with Thomson scattering and Langmuir probe measurements and allow, in principle, the determination of the physical mechanisms responsible for the SOL structure formation. It is found that the SOL width is approximately inversely proportional to the plasma current, in agreement with existing experimental scaling, while its dependence on discharge power is found to be quite weak.
The first experiments on noninductive current drive (CD) using lower hybrid waves in a spherical tokamak are described. Waves at 2.45 GHz were launched by a 10 waveguide grill with 120° phase shift ...between neighbouring waveguides. The experimental results for a novel poloidal slowing-down scheme are described. The CD efficiency is found to be somewhat larger than that predicted theoretically whilst at the same time being somewhat less than that for standard tokamak lower hybrid CD. Geodesic acoustic modes (GAM) have been discovered in Globus-M. GAMs are localized 2-3 cm inside the separatrix. The GAM frequency agrees with theory. The mode structures of plasma density and magnetic field oscillation at the GAM frequency have been studied. Fast particle confinement during neutral beam injection has been investigated and numerically simulated. Alfvén instabilities excited by fast particles were detected by a toroidal Mirnov probe array. Their excitation conditions are discussed and the dynamics of fast ion losses induced by Alfvén eigenmodes is presented. Preliminary experiments on the isotopic effect influence on global confinement in the ohmic heating (OH) regime are described. Scrape-off layer (SOL) parameters were measured and compared with results from self-consistent integrated transport modelling. Results showed that SOL width scales inversely proportional to plasma current. The behaviour of an a priori damaged tungsten divertor plate mock-up exposed to plasma flows was investigated. Preliminary conclusions are that the initial damage gives rise to a loose layer formation with low thermal conductivity right beneath the surface. Finally, engineering design issues of the next step-Globus-M2 (1 T, 500 kA) and the status of component manufacture are described.
Methodological, organizational, legal, political and other aspects of ensuring the stability of regions and territorial communities have been studied. The best world practices in this field are ...analyzed on the examples of the formation and functioning of the security districts of the Netherlands and local sustainability forums of Great Britain. Problems and prospects of ensuring the stability of regions and territorial communities in Ukraine are identified. Recommendations for the formation of a comprehensive model of interagency cooperation and coordination of activities in the field of national security and sustainability at the regional and local levels in Ukraine are proposed. Designed for experts, scientists, specialists in the field of national security, subjects of power, representatives of public organizations and individuals, all who are interested in the problems of building national stability. The publication can also be useful in the development and adoption of regulations governing legal relations in this area.
The paper is devoted to the problem of effective query execution in cluster-based systems. An original approach to data placement and replication on the nodes of a cluster system is presented. Based ...on this approach, a load balancing method for parallel query processing is developed. A method for parallel query execution in cluster systems based on the load balancing method is suggested. Results of computational experiments are presented, and analysis of efficiency of the proposed approaches is performed.
Over the recent years, an increasing attention has been paid in the Russian healthcare to the concept of a‘fast-track surgery’ also known as ‘enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)’. This article ...presents the advantage of inhalation anesthetic agents from the perspective of the ERAS concept. A special attention is paid to drugs belonging to halogen-containing inhalation anesthetic class (Sevoflurane and Desflurane). It is emphasized that, despite a number of differences in the clinical effect of these anesthetics, they are drugs of choice in the fast-track surgery.
Genes of adenine-specific DNA-methyltransferase M.BspLU11IIIa and cytosine-specific DNA-methyltransferase M.BspLU11IIIb of the type IIG BspLU11III restriction-modification system from the ...thermophilic strain Bacillus sp. LU11 were expressed in E. coli. They contain a large number of codons that are rare in E. coli and are characterized by equal values of codon adaptation index (CAI) and expression level measure (E(g)). Rare codons are either diffused (M.BspLU11IIIa) or located in clusters (M.BspLU11IIIb). The expression level of the cytosine-specific DNA-methyltransferase was increased by a factor of 7.3 and that of adenine-specific DNA only by a factor of 1.25 after introduction of the plasmid pRARE supplying tRNA genes for six rare codons in E. coli. It can be assumed that the plasmid supplying minor tRNAs can strongly increase the expression level of only genes with cluster distribution of rare codons. Using heparin-Sepharose and phosphocellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 both DNA-methyltransferases were isolated as electrophoretically homogeneous proteins (according to the results of SDS-PAGE).
В статье приводится опыт лечения 206 пациентов с поствакцинальными БЦЖ-поражениями лимфатических узлов (202 наблюдения — 98,1 %) и с поствакцинальными туберкулезными оститами (4 больных — 1,9 %) в ...возрасте от 1 месяца до 3 лет, оперированных в период с 2009 по 2011 год. Мальчиков было 127 (61,7 %), девочек — 79 (38,3 %).В статье также поднимаются вопросы выбора хирургической тактики при лечении осложнений БЦЖ-вакцинации у детей. УЗИ с допплерографией позволяет определить характер изменений в лимфатических узлах (от начальной инфильтрации до тотального гнойного расплавления) для выбора рациональной лечебной тактики.
The paper is dedicated to a problem of effective query processing in cluster database systems. An original approach to data allocation and replication at nodes of a cluster system is presented. On ...the basis of this approach the load balancing method is developed. Also, we propose a new method for parallel query processing on the cluster systems. All described methods have been implemented in “Omega” parallel database management system prototype. Our experiments show that “Omega” system demonstrates nearly linear scalability even in presence of data skew.
This article provides an experience of treatment of 206 patients with post-vaccination with BCG-affected lymph nodes (202 observations — 98.1 %) and children with post-vaccination tuberculous ...osteitis (4 patients — 1.9 %) aged from 1 month to 3 years, who were operated during the period from 2009 to 2011. There were 127 (61.7 %) boys, and 79 (38.3 %) girls. The article also raises questions of choice of surgical tactics in the treatment of complications of BCG vaccination in children. Doppler ultrasound can determine the nature of changes in the lymph nodes (from initial infiltration to total purulent fusion) to select a rational treatment strategy.
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