Langue et littératures néo-latines Leroux, Virginie
Livret-annuaire - Ecole pratique des hautes études. Section des sciences historiques et philologiques,
07/2020
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Programme de l’année 2018-2019 : I. La théorie des genres dans le livre III des Poetices libri septem de Jules-César Scaliger (1561). — II. Jean Second (1511-1536), poète de Charles Quint. — III. Le ...Magasin des dieux de Georg Pictorius (1558).
This cluster-randomized pragmatic (effectiveness) trial tested maternal counseling based on Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an approach to control caries in indigenous children. Nine Cree ...communities in Quebec, Canada were randomly allocated to test or control. MI-style counseling was delivered in test communities to mothers during pregnancy and at well-baby visits. Data on outcomes were collected when children were 30 months old. Two hundred seventy-two mothers were recruited from the 5 test and 4 control communities. Baseline characteristics were comparable but not equivalent for both groups. At trial’s end, 241 children had follow-up. The primary analysis outcome was enamel caries with substance loss (d2); no statistically significant treatment effect was detected. Prevalence of treated and untreated caries at the d2 level was 76% in controls vs. 65% in test (p = 0.17). Exploratory analyses suggested a substantial preventive effect for untreated decay at or beyond the level of the dentin, d3 (prevalences: 60% controls vs. 35% test), and a particularly large treatment effect when mothers had 4 or more MI-style sessions. Overall, these results provide preliminary evidence that, for these young, indigenous children, an MI-style intervention has an impact on severity of caries (clinical trial registration ISRCTN41467632).
Communities can be described by species, interactions and the network of interactions which emerge from these building blocks. Networks are often summarized by diverse metrics which capture key ...components of network topology, for example, number of trophic levels, number of interactions per species (i.e. degree) and frequency of apparent competition modules (i.e. motifs). Network metrics are often used to predict whole community responses following a perturbation. Understanding whether our predictive capabilities at the network level are maintained at other levels of organization such as species and interaction levels is critical but rarely studied. Our objective was to determine whether we can use different network metrics (e.g. modularity, species roles) to predict which networks, species and interactions will persist following a perturbation. Given the nested structure of interactions, species and networks, we hypothesized that those metrics which were correlated with network persistence would be the same metrics correlated with which species and interactions persist and that the direction of these correlations would be maintained across organizational levels (i.e. network, species and interactions). We used numerical simulations of a dynamic food web model and model selection to test the relationships between network metrics (e.g. degree, modularity, motif profiles) and network, species and interaction‐level persistence. We found that out degree and frequency of both apparent and exploitative competition were the best predictors of species persistence, however all metrics were weak predictors of species persistence. This demonstrates that metrics which predict network persistence are not always the best predictors of species and interaction level persistence. Additionally, metrics can work in opposition depending on the organizational scope examined; for example interaction strength is positively correlated with interaction persistence, but negatively correlated with species persistence. Multiscale analysis of network metrics such as this one, may provide critical insight for advancing network‐based environmental management in the Anthropocene.
As part of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) validation process, a comparison of the skills of three satellites SMOS, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) ...or Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer, and Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), and one-model European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) soil moisture products is conducted over four watersheds located in the U.S. The four products compared in for 2010 over four soil moisture networks were used for the calibration of AMSR-E. The results indicate that SMOS retrievals are closest to the ground measurements with a low average root mean square error of 0.061 m 3 ·m -3 for the morning overpass and 0.067 m 3 ·m -3 for the afternoon overpass, which represents an improvement by a factor of 2-3 compared with the other products. The ECMWF product has good correlation coefficients (around 0.78) but has a constant bias of 0.1-0.2 m 3 ·m -3 over the four networks. The land parameter retrieval model AMSR-E product gives reasonable results in terms of correlation (around 0.73) but has a variable seasonal bias over the year. The ASCAT soil moisture index is found to be very noisy and unstable.
Raymond Boudon a soutenu que la sociologie pouvait atteindre le même niveau de scientificité que les sciences de la nature. Souscrivant au principe de l’individualisme méthodologique, il a expliqué ...pourquoi les individus croient en les choses les plus invraisemblables et a défendu, toute sa vie durant, une féconde théorie de la rationalité.
The persistence of whole communities hinges on the presence of select interactions which act to stabilize communities making the identification of these keystone interactions critical. One potential ...candidate is omnivory, yet theoretical research on omnivory thus far has been dominated by a modular theory approach whereby an omnivore and consumer compete for a shared resource. Empirical research, however, has highlighted the presence of a broader suite of omnivory modules.
Here, we integrate empirical data analysis and mathematical models to explore the influence of both omnivory module (including classic, multi‐resource, higher level, mutual predation and cannibalism) and omnivore–resource interaction type on food web stability.
We use six classic empirical food webs to examine the prevalence of the different types of omnivory, a multi‐species consumer–resource model to determine the stability of these different kinds of omnivory within a module context, and finally extend these models to a 50 species, whole food web model to examine the influence of omnivory on whole food web persistence.
Our results challenge the concept that omnivory is broadly stabilizing. In particular, we demonstrate that the impact of omnivory depends on the type of omnivory being examined with multi‐resource omnivory having the largest correlation with whole food web persistence. Moreover, our results highlight that we need to exercise caution when scaling modular theory to whole food web theory. Cannibalism, for example, was the most persistent and stable omnivory module in the modular theory analysis, but only demonstrated a weak correlation with whole food web persistence. Lastly, our results demonstrate that the frequency of omnivory modules are more important for whole food web persistence than the frequency of omnivore–resource interactions.
Together, these results demonstrate that the role of omnivory often depends both on the type of omnivory being examined and the food web within which it is nested. In whole food web models, omnivory acts less as a keystone interaction, rather, specific types of omnivory, particularly multi‐resource omnivory, act as keystone modules. Future work integrating module and whole food web theory is critical for resolving the role of key interactions in food webs.
The authors challenge preconceptions about the influence of omnivory on communities moving from empirical evidence to theoretical analyses.
Fluorinated heterocycles are important building blocks in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material sciences. Therefore, organofluorine chemistry has witnessed high interest in the development of ...efficient methods for the introduction of emergent fluorinated substituents (EFS) onto heterocycles. In this context, fluoroalkyl amino reagents (FARs)-a class of chemicals that was slightly forgotten over the last decades-has emerged again recently and proved to be a powerful tool for the introduction of various fluorinated groups onto (hetero)aromatic derivatives.
Abstract
Vibrational analysis is one of the usual methods to monitor rotational machines that uses sensors fixed on the frame. Although effective, this method can be expansive and uneasy to use ...particularly at slow speeds (<60 rpm). This paper offers to evaluate the capabilities of a 6-axes low-cost inertial measurement unit which is positioned on the shaft to detect and diagnose bearing defects. This study is based on experimental data allowing to (i) choose the most relevant axis for better defect detection, (ii) to compare statistical indexes using usual vibratory analysis for a speed range from 5 to 400 rpm and for five defect severities, (iii) to compute the defect severity from a shocks local study.
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