The aim of the experiment was to highlight the toxicity of the CrVI, administered during three generations, on the haemoglobin and on the osmotic resistance of the erythrocyte membrane in female ...rats. The determinations have been carried out on rat blood collected from female rats that reached sexual maturity, from F0, F1, F2 generation, exposed to LOAEL, of CrVI, as potassium dichromate, in drinking water (3 months). F1 and F2 were obtained from female rats from generation F0 and respectively F1 exposed for 3 months to chromium dose, mated with male rats exposed to the same dose for three months, before mating. The results of the experiment indicated a high significant decrease of haemoglobin, (p<0,01) under to the control lot and under physiologic limits, in the three generations. The decrease of hemoglobin, registered also high significant differences (p<0,01) as well between generation F0 and respectively generation F1 and F2. The chromium toxicity impact on erythrocyte membrane was shown by the progressive decrease of osmotic resistance even from the first generation and by the increase of the haemolysis degree in hypotonic solutions. The exposure to LOAEL CrVI during three generations produces toxic effects on erythrocytes inducing hemolytic effect.
The goal of this study is to establish the in vivo impact of a by-product of salicylic acid, 5-cloro-2-hidroxy-azotyl-sulfamoil-phenyl benzamyde synthesis product (5ClSA-SA), synthesized at the ...Technical University, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry of Timisoara, on some parameters of energetic metabolism. The experimental results shows that the synthesis product has induced a strong significant increase (p<0.01) of glycemia compared to tests, in direct relation with administration period and a fluctuation of cholesterol values with decrease followed by strong significant increase (p<0.01) compared to tests. Glycemia and plasmatic cholesterol values were situated between physiological limits. Triglycerides registered strong significant increases (p<0.01) in direct relation with administration period, over the physiological limits.
The influence of ad libitum aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3, administration during three generations on the blood glutathione (GSH) values in rats was studied. This study was carried out on 34 Wistar ...rats divided in 9 experimental batches (LI , LII, LIII, LIF1n, LIIF1n, LIIIF1n, LIF2n, LIIF2n, LIIIF2n )and one control batch (C). Aluminium sulphate has been administrated in drinking water, ad libitum. GSH was measured quantitatively at Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer through Beutler et. al. method (4), at 412nm. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured through Drabkin method (9) at the automatic analyzer Bekman Coulter. GSH is considered to be the most powerful and most important of body’s self-generated antioxidants. It is a powerful antioxidant, he neutralizes free radicals and prevents their formation. Because aluminium (Al) can couse oxidative damage on cellular biological processes by inhibiting GSH regeneration through the inhibition of NADPH supply in mitochondria, but only a little inhibitory effect on the GSH generation in cytosol (17), the consequences of ad libitum Al2(SO4)3 administration was a limited decrease of GSH values.
Chromium compounds are found in the environment, due to erosion of chromium containing rocks and can be distributed by volcanic eruptions in food, water. Metals being non-biodegradable persist in the ...environment for a long period and cause serious ecotoxicological problems. Chromium, which exists in nature mostly in the trivalent form (Cr+3), is essential for activating certain enzymes and for stabilizing proteins and nucleic acids. We have studied the influence of the glutathione dynamics in the second generation rats blood, as a consequence of females chromium (VI) intoxication during the gestation. This study was carried out on 7 Wistar adult female rats, control group (C), 21 adult Wistar female rats, devided in three experimental groups (E) and theire young rats. The rats were feet, durind the gestation, with 25ppm (LOAEL), 50ppm and 75ppm potassium dichromate, ad libitum, in drinking water. The control batch received tap water. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured quantitatively after the wean using a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer, through Beutler et al. method, at 412nm. The study reports also the depletion of young rats blood GSH.
Chromium (VI) is a widely used industrial chemical, extensively used in paints, metal finishes, steel including stainless steel manufacturing, alloy cast irons, chrome, and wood treatment. In nature ...chromium occurs in divalent, trivalent and hexavalent forms. Hexavalent chromium predominates over the trivalent form in natural waters. We have studied the influence of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) on blood GSH values in rats. This study was carried out on 28 Wistar adult female rats, divided in 3 experimental groups (E) and one control group (C). The rats were feed with 25ppm (LOAEL), 50ppm and 75ppm potassium dichromate, ad libitum, in drinking water, during the gestation. The control batch received tap water. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured quantitatively after the wean using a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer, through Beutler et al. method, at 412nm. This study reports that potassium dichromate exposure induced the depletion of blood GSH because Cr(VI) can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). It can induce oxidative stress and toxicity.
The aim of the study was to relieve the effect of synthesis product (by-product of salicylic acid) administration 5-cloro-2hidroxy-azotil-sulfamoil-fenil benzamide (5ClSA-SA) in comparison with basic ...structural compounds (salicylamide and sulfanilamide) on some parameters of proteic metabolism on rats. The synthesis product 5ClSA-SA is amide of 5 chlorosalycilic acid with sulfanilamide synthesized at The Technical University, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry of Timisoara. The experimental results demonstrate that the synthesis product has determinate a strong significant increase (p<0.01) of proteinemia compared to test, over the physiological limits; salicylamide has induces the significant increase (p<0.05), and sulfanilamide has induced the significant decrease (p<0.05) of total proteins compared to test but in physiological limits. After the administration of the three substances, the albumin and urea values has strong significant decrease (p<0.01) compared to test and under the physiological limits. The synthesis product has not determinate significant differences (p>0.05) of creatinine compared to test, obtained values being situated in physiological limits, while salicylamide and sulfanilamide have induced strong significant decrease (p>0.01), respectively significant (p>0.05) compared to test and under physiological limits.
The aim of the study was to relieve the impact of chromium hexavalent ions on the resistance of erythrocyte membrane in female rats at sexual maturity but exposed “in utero”or during the suckling or ...pre-puberty period. Concrete objectives were to establish the effect of 25 ppm (E1 group), 50 ppm (E2 groupt) and 75 ppm (E3 group) chromium doses on haemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte membrane resistance (R.O.) (in terms of haemolysis degree in NaCl hypotonic solutions). The consequence of Cr(VI) exposure was the high significant decrease (p<0,01) of Hb in all E groups compared to control (C) (E1/C:-24.66%; E2/C: - 37.36%; E3/C: - 42.67%), under physiologic limits in E2 and E3 groups and at the lowest physiologic limit in E1. Maxim R.O. was equal in all groups and in physiologic limits. Minim R.O. decreased to 0.7% NaCl in E1 and to 0.8% NaCl in E2 and E3. It was asserted the increase of haemolyse degree in direct relation with the dose. Increasing the chromium intake level a haemolytic effect was induced.
The „in vivo” experiment has had as aim the study of different Cr(VI) doses administration on globular resistance in female rats related to administration duration. Study was carried out on 56 female ...rats divided in 8 groups, 6 experimental and 2 control that received potassium dichromate in drinking water in doses of 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75ppm Cr(VI), for 3 months, respectively, 6 months. Decrease of globular resistance (in terms of haemolysis degree in hypotonic solutions) at increasing dose (up to 0.8% NaCl at 75 ppm dose) in all experimental groups, in direct relation with the duration of administration was registered. Control groups were in physiological limits. The results of the present study revealed the affecting of erythrocyte membrane in function of administration duration and chromium intake level, because of oxidative lesions produced by it.
In the present study, we have observed the effect of deuterium depleted water (DDW) on some blood parameters at rats. We used Wistar rats, whom we administered cadmium chloride in single dose (20 ...ppm/body weight). Following the intoxication with cadmium chloride, oxidative stress was induced upon the rats, which was reflected also on the blood parameters. We observed, that deuterium depleted water, administrated to rats preventively, as well as after the cadmium chloride intoxication, has an antioxidative effect, helping to restore the white blood cell formula.
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major causes of visual impairment and blindness in adult population. The pathology is complex, the metabolic changes induced by the hyperglycemic environment ...leading to neurodegeneration, microvascular damage, with secondary ischemic and inflammatory changes in the retina. This review aims to update the literature data related to the role of inflammation in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Thus, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms triggered by excess glucose increase the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes, which leads to the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as Il1, Il6, TNF alpha as well as complement activation. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated that both systemic and ocular prolonged inflammation are correlated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In conclusion, preventing and/or reducing the progression of diabetic retinopathy requires both rigorous glycemic control in diabetic patients and targeted interference of the specific inflammatory pathways involved. Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, inflammation, cytokines, pathophysiology, neurodegeneration
