Exact two-dimensional (2D) analytic expressions for electric and magnetic fields and their potentials created by a linear beam of relativistic charged particles between infinite perfectly conductive ...plates and ferromagnetic poles are derived. The solutions are obtained by summing an infinite sequence of fields from linear charge-images and current-images in complex space. Knowledge of the normal component of the electric field on the conductor surface makes it possible to calculate the induced electric charge surface density. In addition, we derive within an improved linear approximation new analytical expressions for fields near the beam in the case of an arbitrary beam offset from the median plane. The mathematical features of exact solutions and limitations for the applicability of linear approximations are specified. The primary goals of the future high-luminosity p-p and heavy-ion Large Hadron Collider programme after the Long Shutdown 2 are the search for yet unobserved effects of physics beyond the Standard Model, searches for rare or low-sensitivity processes in the Higgs sector, and probing in more detail the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. This programme relies on the stable operation of the accelerator. However, as the beam luminosity increases, a number of destabilizing phenomena occur, in particular field emission, enhancing the electron cloud effect. For the case of a proton beam, we apply the exact 2D solution for estimating the intensity of electron field emission activated by the electric field of the beam in collimators of the future high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Calculation shows that the field emission intensity is very sensitive to a collimator surface roughness. In addition, with a relatively small and accidental beam displacement from the median path, about 20% of the collimator half-gap, the emission intensity increases by a factor of 10.sup.7. This will partially neutralize the beam space charge, violating acceleration dynamics, and enhancing instability effects.
Liposomes modified with TAT peptide (TATp-liposomes) showed fast and efficient translocation into the cell cytoplasm with subsequent migration into the perinuclear zone. TATp-liposomes containing a ...small quantity (≤10 mol %) of a cationic lipid formed firm noncovalent complexes with DNA. Here, we present results demonstrating both in vitro and in vivo transfection with TATp-liposome-DNA complexes. Mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were transfected with such complexes in vitro. The transfection with the TATp-liposome-associated pEGFP-N1 plasmid encoding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was high, whereas the cytotoxicity was lower than that of commonly used cationic lipid-based gene-delivery systems. Intratumoral injection of TATp-liposome-DNA complexes into the Lewis lung carcinoma tumor of mice also resulted in an expression of GFP in tumor cells. This transfection system should be useful for various protocols of cell treatment in vitro or ex vivo as well as for localized in vivo gene therapy.
PdRh/C catalyst and electrodeposited Pd, Rh and PdRh particles on glassy carbon electrode were studied in methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions in comparison with Pt-containing catalysts. Some ...features of this process have been described: (1) the appearance of oxidation peak in acidic and neutral media is possible only when polarization on CV is prolonged to hydrogen adsorption region where the surface OH-group formation occurred and surface oxides are reduced; (2) the CV-responses of model systems (electrodeposited Pd, Rh, PdRh) corresponding to alcohol oxidation increase and deform even during relaxation period when polarization is switched off; (3) experiments with addition of corresponding aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde) to alcohol solution with stabilized CV responses showed that only increase in currents but not deformation of CV occurred. The addition of acid residue did not change the response noticeably. The formation of the same electroactive species, gem-diolate, for both alcohol and aldehyde electrooxidation mechanisms was supposed.
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).A combination is presented of all inclusive deep inelastic cross sections previously published by the H1 and ZEUS ...collaborations at HERA for neutral and charged current ... scattering for zero beam polarisation. The data were taken at proton beam energies of 920, 820, 575 and 460 GeV and an electron beam energy of 27.5 GeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 1 fb... and span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, ..., and Bjorken x. The correlations of the systematic uncertainties were evaluated and taken into account for the combination. The combined cross sections were input to QCD analyses at leading order, next-to-leading order and at next-to-next-to-leading order, providing a new set of parton distribution functions, called HERAPDF2.0. In addition to the experimental uncertainties, model and parameterisation uncertainties were assessed for these parton distribution functions. Variants of HERAPDF2.0 with an alternative gluon parameterisation, HERAPDF2.0AG, and using fixed-flavour-number schemes, HERAPDF2.0FF, are presented. The analysis was extended by including HERA data on charm and jet production, resulting in the variant HERAPDF2.0Jets. The inclusion of jet-production cross sections made a simultaneous determination of these parton distributions and the strong coupling constant possible, resulting in ... An extraction of ... and results on electroweak unification and scaling violations are also presented.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Spin‐crossover (SCO) complexes based on three‐dimensional coordination polymers (see Figure) exhibit unprecedented pressure‐tunable thermal and piezochromic bistability at room temperature. The ...thermal‐ and piezohysteresis loops of the material can be tuned, providing a step towards reliable pressure‐based memory systems or displays.
A zircon with an age of ~2.9 Ga, much older than all existing dates, has been discovered for the first time in basalts of the Afanasy Nikitin Rise. Such an ancient age is typical of continental crust ...rocks of Western Hindustan or Antarctica. Analyses have revealed the geochemical similarity of magmas of the Conrad and Afanasy Nikitin rises and their difference from Crozet Rise magmas owing to their different formation conditions. Emplacement of the Conrad and Afanasy Nikitin rises occurred ~80–90 Ma ago under the influence of the same Conrad hotspot near the spreading Indian–Antarctic Ridge. This hotspot is a satellite of the giant Kerguelen Plume, active in the Eastern Indian Ocean from 130 Ma ago to the present. The plume formed the Ninetyeast Ridge in the ancient spreading center, and plume magmas leaked along the spreading zone up to the formation area of the Conrad and Afanasy Nikitin rises. During interaction of the Kerguelen Plume with the spreading zone and transform faults, nonspreading blocks of the ancient continental lithosphere of the Gondwana may have been preserved.
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