We present the first limits on inelastic electron-scattering dark matter and dark photon absorption using a prototype SuperCDMS detector having a charge resolution of 0.1 electron-hole pairs (CDMS ...HVeV, a 0.93 g CDMS high-voltage device). These electron-recoil limits significantly improve experimental constraints on dark matter particles with masses as low as 1 MeV/c^{2}. We demonstrate a sensitivity to dark photons competitive with other leading approaches but using substantially less exposure (0.49 g d). These results demonstrate the scientific potential of phonon-mediated semiconductor detectors that are sensitive to single electronic excitations.
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•Binary adsorption of metals on clays was interpreted by multicomponent isotherms.•Bentonite capacity for adsorbing Cd(II) was similar to that for adsorbing Ni(II).•Zn(II) presented ...strong antagonism to the adsorption of Cd(II) on sepiolite.•Adsorption of Zn(II) on sepiolite was slightly affected by presence of Cd(II).•Vermiculite adsorption capacity toward Pb(II) was higher than that toward Cu(II).
The binary adsorption of Cd(II)–Ni(II) on bentonite, Zn(II)–Cd(II) on sepiolite and Pb(II)–Cu(II) on vermiculite was investigated in this work. The experimental binary adsorption data were interpreted using the following multicomponent adsorption isotherms: non-modified, extended and modified Langmuir; non-modified and modified Redlich–Peterson; extended Freundlich; and Sheindorf–Rebuhn–Sheintuch. The modified Redlich–Peterson multicomponent isotherm best fitted the adsorption data of Cd(II)–Ni(II) on bentonite and Pb(II)–Cu(II) on vermiculite, while the modified Langmuir multicomponent isotherm best fitted the data of Zn(II)–Cd(II) on sepiolite. The competitive adsorption of Cd(II)–Ni(II) on bentonite revealed that both metals presented very similar antagonism toward the adsorption of the other metal. The single metal adsorption on sepiolite showed that the Cd(II) adsorption capacity of sepiolite was 1.3 times greater than that of Zn(II); however, in the binary adsorption, the Zn(II) presented a strong antagonism to the adsorption of Cd(II), but Cd(II) did not affected the adsorption of Zn(II). The single adsorption isotherms of Cu(II) and Pb(II) on vermiculite revealed that the affinity of the vermiculite towards Pb(II) was slightly higher than that of the Cu(II). However, in the competitive adsorption, the affinity of Pb(II) towards the vermiculite was much higher than that of the Cu(II).
Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator) (Netherlands), P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator) (Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Stamatis ...Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Elena Arbelo (Spain), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Johann Bauersachs (Germany), Antoni Bayes-Genis (Spain), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Werner Budts (Belgium), Maja Cikes (Croatia), Kevin Damman (Netherlands), Victoria Delgado (Netherlands), Paul Dendale (Belgium), Polychronis Dilaveris (Greece), Heinz Drexel (Austria), Justin Ezekowitz (Canada), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Laurent Fauchier (France), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Alan Fraser (United Kingdom), Norbert Frey (Germany), Chris P. Gale (United Kingdom), Finn Gustafsson (Denmark), Julie Harris (United Kingdom), Bernard Iung (France), Stefan Janssens (Belgium), Mariell Jessup (United States of America), Aleksandra Konradi (Russia), Dipak Kotecha (United Kingdom), Ekaterini Lambrinou (Cyprus), Patrizio Lancellotti (Belgium), Ulf Landmesser (Germany), Christophe Leclercq (France), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Francisco Leyva (United Kingdom), AleVs Linhart (Czech Republic), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), Lars H. Lund (Sweden), Donna Mancini (United States of America), Josep Masip (Spain), Davor Milicic (Croatia), Christian Mueller (Switzerland), Holger Nef (Germany), Jens-Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Michel Noutsias (Germany), Steffen E. Petersen (United Kingdom), Anna Sonia Petronio (Italy), Piotr Ponikowski (Poland), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Dimitrios J. Richter (Greece), Evgeny Schlyakhto (Russia), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Michele Senni (Italy), Marta Sitges (Spain), Miguel Sousa-Uva (Portugal), Carlo G. Tocchetti (Italy), Rhian M. Touyz (United Kingdom), Carsten Tschoepe (Germany), Johannes Waltenberger (Germany/Switzerland) All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and published in a supplementary document simultaneously to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/guidelines For the Supplementary Data which include background information and detailed discussion of the data that have provided the basis for the guidelines see European Heart Journal online.
•Boron can be removed from water by adsorption on layered double hydroxide (LDH).•Both boric acid and borate species are adsorbed on the LDH.•Adsorption of borate is due to anion exchange and ...electrostatic interactions.•Adsorption of boric acid is attributed to acid–base reaction.•Solution pH plays a key role on the adsorption of the boron species onto LDH.
The adsorption of boron from an aqueous solution on layered double hydroxide (LDH) was investigated in detail in this work. The LDH was synthesized by a co-precipitation method using carbonate as an exchangeable anion; the LDH was calcined at 550°C and denoted as LDH-550. Experimental adsorption equilibrium data were obtained in a batch adsorber and were interpreted reasonably well using the Langmuir isotherm. The solution pH considerably affected the adsorption capacity of LDH-550 toward boron due to electrostatic interactions between the surface of LDH-550 and the boron species in solution. The adsorption capacity of LDH-550 was independent of temperature when the temperature was increased from 15 to 25°C but decreased when the temperature was increased from 25 to 35°C. The reversibility of the adsorption was shown to be dependent on the desorption pH. Boron can be adsorbed on LDH-550 as boric acid and borate. The adsorption of borate on LDH-550 was due to anion exchange and electrostatic attraction, whereas boric acid was adsorbed by an acid–base reaction. The mechanisms were elucidated by evaluating and interpreting the surface charge of LDH-550 before and after boron adsorption, FTIR analysis and the equivalents of anions exchanged during the adsorption of boron.
In the present work, polylactic acid (PLA), elastin and gelatin fibers, containing clindamycin, were prepared to test their potential application as wound dressings. They underwent release studies to ...determine the mechanism of drug release through mathematical models. The fibers have a homogeneous morphology, without pores. The studies of FTIR and thermal analysis corroborate the presence of each of the components in the fibers; the results of the feasibility tests showed encouraging percentages with a viability of 82% after 7 days of direct contact of the HUVEC cells with the membranes. Similarly, cell adhesion assays show the presence of viable and stretched cells on the fibers, the tendency of the cells to position themselves on the fibers and follow this conformation was observed. On the other hand, studies of antimicrobial activity against
S. aureus
show us that in fibers loaded with clindamycin they have inhibition halos greater than 8 mm.
•Adsorption capacity of ACs toward TCs is dominated by π–π dispersive interactions.•Adsorption rate of TCs on ACs is controlled by intraparticle diffusion.•Adsorption rate increased with mesoporosity ...and average pore size of ACs.•TCs diffuse inside the ACs pores by the pore volume and by surface diffusion mechanisms.•Contribution of surface diffusion depends on the adsorption capacity of the ACs.
The adsorption rate of three tetracyclines (TCs) (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline) on two activated carbons (ACs) were investigated in this work. The experimental adsorption equilibrium data of the TCs on both carbons was obtained in a batch adsorber at T=298K and pH range of 4–5, and the Langmuir isotherm better interpreted the experimental data than the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption of TCs on the ACs was mainly due to π–π interactions. The rate of adsorption of TCs was interpreted using kinetic models along with diffusional models. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were fitted to the experimental concentration decay curves of the TCs for the adsorption of TCs on ACs. The first-order kinetic model matched reasonably well the experimental concentration decay data, but the rate constant, k1, considerably decreased with time. Thus, the rate of adsorption of TCs on ACs cannot be interpreted by the first-order kinetic model. The pore volume diffusion model (PVDM) and the pore volume and surface diffusion model (PVSDM) were also applied to interpret the rate of adsorption of TCs. The PVDM overpredicted the experimental concentration decay data indicating that intraparticle diffusion was due to both pore volume and surface diffusion mechanisms. The PVSDM fitted quite well the experimental concentration decay data of the TCs on both ACs, showing that the intraparticle diffusion of TCs is due to the pore volume diffusion, as well as the surface diffusion. Furthermore, the contribution of surface diffusion is directly dependent on the adsorption capacity of the carbons because the concentration of TCs adsorbed on the surface is the driving force of surface diffusion. Additionally, the contribution of surface diffusion is affected by the time and radial position.
The adsorption mechanism of Ni(II) and Zn(II) onto activated carbon fiber (ACF) cloth and felt plain and oxidized was investigated in this work. The adsorption equilibrium data were obtained in a ...batch adsorber. The concentration of acidic and basic sites on the ACFS was determined by an acid–base titration method. The experimental adsorption equilibrium data were interpreted with the Redlich-Peterson isotherm, which fitted the data reasonably well. The ACF was oxidized with HNO
3
solution and the concentration of acidic sites increased during oxidation, whereas that of the basic sites diminished. The adsorption capacity of the oxidized ACF was higher than that of the plain ACF because the oxidation of ACF formed more acidic sites on the surface where the metal cations can be adsorbed. The adsorption capacity of the plain and oxidized ACFs was linearly dependent upon the concentration of carboxylic sites. The adsorption of Ni(II) and Zn(II) on the ACFs was due to both electrostatic interactions and cation-π interactions. The contribution of ion exchange to the overall adsorption of Zn(II) and Ni(II) on ACFs was less than 3.3 % and can be considered negligible.
The adsorption of fluoride from water on bone char (BC) was investigated in this work, and the fluoride adsorption capacity of BC was compared to that of hydroxyapatite (HAP). The adsorption capacity ...of BC and HAP drastically increased while decreasing the pH from 7.0 to 5.0. Furthermore, the fluoride adsorption on BC was due to its HAP content and was not considerably affected by the presence of the anions Cl−, HCO3−, CO32−, SO42−, NO3− and NO2−. The mechanism of fluoride adsorption on BC was attributed to electrostatic interactions between surface charge of BC and fluoride ions in solution.
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