•Comparison of systems combining moving bed biofilm reactor with membrane bioreactor and membrane bioreactor configuration.•Kinetic parameters which characterised the moving bed biofilm reactor and ...the membrane bioreactor processes were analysed.•Not statistically significant differences between the experimental plants regarding the organic matter and nutrients removal.•Improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the MBBR-MBR system which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone.•MBR had a better performance from the point of view of the kinetic parameters.
New technologies regarding wastewater treatment have been developed. Among these technologies, the moving bed biofilm reactor combined with membrane bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) is a recent solution alternative to conventional processes. This paper presents the results obtained from three wastewater treatment plants working in parallel. The first wastewater treatment plant consisted of a membrane bioreactor (MBR), the second one was a MBBR-MBR system containing carriers both in anoxic and aerobic zones, and the last one consisted of a MBBR-MBR system which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone. The reactors operated with a hydraulic retention time of 26.47h. During the study, the difference between the experimental plants was not statistically significant concerning organic matter and nutrients removal. However, different tendencies regarding nutrients removal are shown by the three wastewater treatment plants. In this sense, the performances in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the MBBR-MBR system which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone (67.34±11.22% and 50.65±11.13%, respectively) were slightly better than those obtained from another experimental plants. As a whole, the pilot plant which consisted of a MBR showed better performance from the point of view of the kinetics of the heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass with values of μm,H=0.00858h−1, μm,A=0.07646h−1, KM=2.37mgO2L−1 and KNH=1.31mgNL−1.
•Resource recovery from urban wastewater to promote shift towards a circular economy.•Pilot and full-scale studies show MBBR as suitable system for treated wastewater reuse.•Numerous methods ...developed for nutrient recovery from WWTP’s effluents.
Over the last years, an increasing concern has emerged regarding the eco-friendly management of wastewater. Apart from the role of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for wastewater and sewage sludge treatment, the increasing need of the recovery of the resources contained in wastewater, such as nutrients and water, should be highlighted. This would allow for transforming a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) into a sustainable technological system.
The objective of this review is to propose a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) as a novel technology that contributes to the circularity of the wastewater treatment sector according to the principles of circular economy. In this regard, this paper aims to consider the MBBR process as the initial step for water reuse, and nutrient removal and recovery, within the circular economy model.
•Conventional MBR and two hybrid MBBR–MBR systems were compared.•Hybrid MBBR–MBR systems have the highest nitrifying activities and nitrate formation.•Hybrid MBBR–MBR systems show the highest ...potential capacity to remove total nitrogen.•WWTP with carriers only in aerobic zone has the best heterotrophs and NOB kinetics.
A membrane bioreactor (MBR), a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor (MBBR–MBR) containing carriers in the anoxic and aerobic zones of the bioreactor and a hybrid MBBR–MBR which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone were used in parallel with the same urban wastewater and compared. The reactors operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9.5h. Kinetic parameters for heterotrophic and autotrophic biomasses, mainly ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), were evaluated and related to organic matter and nutrients removals. The microbial communities of each wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing methods to detect and quantify the contribution of nitrifying bacteria in the total bacterial community. All three systems showed similar performance in terms of pollutant removal although the hybrid MBBR–MBR containing carriers only in the aerobic zone of the bioreactor (WWTP 3) showed the best performance from the point of view of the kinetics of heterotrophic and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, with values of μm,H=0.02665h−1, KM=8.88081mgO2L−1, μm,NOB=0.53690h−1 and KNOB=2.16702mgNL−1. It supported the efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removals and the concentrations of nitrite and nitrate in the different effluents.
•Two hybrid MBBR-MBR and an MBR were compared for biological nutrient removal.•Hybrid MBBR-MBRap with anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic carriers had the best TP removal.•Hybrid MBBR-MBRap had the highest ...COD removal with the best heterotrophic kinetics.•Hybrid MBBR-MBRbp with anaerobic and anoxic carriers showed the highest TN removal.•MBRp and hybrid MBBR-MBRbp had the best kinetics regarding NOB and AOB, respectively.
A membrane bioreactor (MBRp), a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor containing carriers in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones (hybrid MBBR-MBRap) and a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor which contained carriers only in the anaerobic and anoxic compartments (hybrid MBBR-MBRbp) were used in parallel and compared regarding the nutrient and organic matter removal from municipal wastewater. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 18h. A kinetic study for the heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, mainly nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), was carried out and related to the nutrient and organic matter removal. The hybrid MBBR-MBRap performed best regarding chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) removals, with values of 85.82±2.12% and 81.42±3.85%, respectively. This system had a higher phosphorus release under anaerobic conditions and a higher phosphorus uptake under aerobic conditions. The highest TN removal efficiency was obtained for the hybrid MBBR-MBRbp, with a value of 61.39±10.71%.
This work analyzes the effect of nalidixic acid (NAL) on the kinetics of the heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass growth within a “NIPHO” activated sludge reactor treating municipal wastewater. ...Thus, the effect of this chemical in the degradation rates of carbon and nitrogen sources and net biomass growth rate is evaluated. Activated sludge samples were taken at three different operation conditions, changing the values of hydraulic retention time (2.8–3.8 h), biomass concentration (1400–1700 mgVSS L−1), temperature (12.6–14.8 °C), and sludge retention time (11.0–12.6 day). A respirometric method was applied to model the kinetic performance of heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass in absence and presence of NAL, and a multivariable statistical analysis was carried out to characterize the influence of the operation variables on the kinetic response of the system, which was finally optimized. The results showed that there was no inhibitory effect of NAL on heterotrophic biomass, with an increase of net heterotrophic biomass growth rate from 1.70 to 6.73 mgVSS L−1 h−1 at the most favorable period. By contrast, the autotrophic biomass was negatively affected by NAL, reducing the value of net autotrophic biomass growth rate from 25.37 to 10.29 mgVSS L−1 h−1 at the best operation conditions. In general, biomass concentration and temperature had the highest influence on the degradation rate of carbon and nitrogen sources, whereas hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time were the most influential on net heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass growth rates.
•NAL affects heterotrophic and autotrophic kinetics in a NIPHO reactor.•Rates of carbon sources removal and net heterotrophic growth increased with NAL.•Rates of nitrogen sources removal and net autotrophic growth decreased with NAL.•XVSS and T affect substrate degradation rate; HRT and SRT influence growth rate.•Modeling and optimization strategies applied to NIPHO activated sludge reactor.
•Conventional MBR, hybrid MBBR–MBR and pure MBBR–MBR were compared.•Pure MBBR–MBR has the highest potential of nitrogen removal.•Pure MBBR–MBR shows the best kinetic performance.•Hybrid MBBR–MBR has ...the highest performance of COD and BOD5 removal.•Attached biomass enhances the process of wastewater treatment.
The moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor (MBBR–MBR) is a novel solution to conventional processes. In this study, a conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR), a hybrid MBBR–MBR and a pure MBBR–MBR were compared. The hybrid MBBR–MBR contained suspended and attached biomass, while the pure MBBR–MBR mainly had attached biomass. The reactors operated with a hydraulic retention time of 9.5h. The pure MBBR–MBR had the highest efficiency of nitrogen removal with a value of 71.91±16.04%. As a whole, the pure MBBR–MBR showed the best performance from the point of view of the kinetics of the heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass with values of μm,H=0.018h−1, μm,A=0.751h−1, KM=2.679mgO2L−1 and KNH=2.191mgNL−1. The presence of the attached biomass improved the organic matter and nitrogen removal in a pure MBBR–MBR system.
A hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR–MBR) system has been tested in this study at two scales to analyse the scale-up effect. Two municipal wastewater treatment plants ...were used, one at laboratory scale (hybrid MBBR–MBRL) with a reactor working volume of 24 l and one at pilot scale (hybrid MBBR–MBRP) with a reactor working volume of 358 l. Hybrid MBBR–MBRL and hybrid MBBR–MBRP showed that the hybrid MBBR–MBR systems used in this research were reliable for organic matter removal with COD removal percentages of 90.97±2.55% and 95.56±2.01% for hybrid MBBR–MBRL and hybrid MBBR–MBRP, respectively. In hybrid MBBR–MBRL, the sludge retention time was higher but the biofilm density was lower due to the wall effect, so the two effects cancelled one another out and the COD removal efficiencies were found to be similar. The study identified the most influential variables and their effects on the process. Hybrid MBBR–MBRL and hybrid MBBR–MBRP were influenced by the attached and suspended biomass and temperature, while the influent loading rate only affected hybrid MBBR–MBRP. On the whole, hybrid MBBR–MBRP showed a better performance from the point of view of the kinetics of the heterotrophic biomass, with values of YH=0.6130mgVSSmgCOD−1, μm,H=0.0146h−1, KS=9.8852mgO2L−1, and bH=0.0031h−1.
•Hybrid MBBR–MBR was reliable for COD removal (higher than 90.97±2.55%).•Hybrid MBBR presents a better kinetic behaviour and higher removal rate in pilot scale.•Variations of organic loading and temperature are two effects of the scale up.•The scale of working affects the sludge retention time and attached biomass.
The moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) is a novel solution to conventional activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors. In this study, a pure MBBR-MBR was studied. The ...pure MBBR-MBR mainly had attached biomass. The bioreactor operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9.5 h. The kinetic parameters for heterotrophic and autotrophic biomasses, mainly nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), were evaluated. The analysis of the bacterial community structure of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), NOB, and denitrifying bacteria (DeNB) from the pure MBBR-MBR was carried out by means of pyrosequencing to detect and quantify the contribution of the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the total bacterial community. The relative abundance of AOB, NOB, and DeNB were 5, 1, and 3 %, respectively, in the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and these percentages were 18, 5, and 2 %, respectively, in the biofilm density (BD) attached to carriers. The pure MBBR-MBR had a high efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) removal of 71.81 ± 16.04 %, which could reside in the different bacterial assemblages in the fixed biofilm on the carriers. In this regard, the kinetic parameters for autotrophic biomass had values of
Y
A
= 2.3465 mg O
2
mg N
−1
,
μ
m, A
= 0.7169 h
−1
, and
K
NH
= 2.0748 mg N L
−1
.
A hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBR) system was studied as an alternative solution to conventional activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors. This paper ...shows the results obtained from three laboratory-scale wastewater treatment plants working in parallel in the start-up and steady states. The first wastewater treatment plant was a MBR, the second one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system containing carriers both in anoxic and aerobic zones of the bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBRa), and the last one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone (hybrid MBBR-MBRb). The reactors operated with a hydraulic retention time of 30.40 h. A kinetic study for characterizing heterotrophic biomass was carried out and organic matter and nutrients removals were evaluated. The heterotrophic biomass of the hybrid MBBR-MBRb showed the best kinetic performance in the steady state, with yield coefficient for heterotrophic biomass=0.30246 mg volatile suspended solids per mg chemical oxygen demand, maximum specific growth rate for heterotrophic biomass=0.00308 h(-1) and half-saturation coefficient for organic matter=3.54908 mg O2 L(-1). The removal of organic matter was supported by the kinetic study of heterotrophic biomass.
Moving bed biofilm reactor to treat wastewater Leyva-Díaz, J. C.; Martín-Pascual, J.; Poyatos, J. M.
International journal of environmental science and technology (Tehran),
04/2017, Letnik:
14, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This review carries out a comparative study of advanced technologies to design, upgrade and rehabilitate wastewater treatment plants. The study analyzed the relevant researches in the last years ...about the moving bed biofilm reactor process with only attached biomass and with hybrid biomass, which combined attached and suspended growth; both could be coupled with a secondary settling tank or microfiltration/ultrafiltration membrane as a separation system. The physical process of membrane separation improved the organic matter and NH
4
+
-N removal efficiencies compared with the settling tank. In particular, the pure moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor showed average chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 88.32, 90.84 and 60.17%, respectively, and the hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor had mean chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day and total nitrogen reduction percentages of 91.18, 97.34 and 68.71%, respectively. Moreover, the hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor showed the best efficiency regarding organic matter removal for low hydraulic retention times, so this system would enable the rehabilitation of activated sludge plants and membrane bioreactors that did not comply with legislation regarding organic matter removal. As the pure moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor performed better than the hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor concerning the total nitrogen removal under low hydraulic retention times, this system could be used to adapt wastewater treatment plants whose effluent was flowed into sensitive zones where total nitrogen concentration was restricted. This technology has been reliably used to upgrade overloaded existing conventional activated sludge plants, to treat wastewater coming from textile, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, paper mill or hospital effluents, to treat wastewater containing recalcitrant compounds efficiently, and to treat wastewater with high salinity and/or low and high temperatures.
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