Wire bonding is one of the important assembling processes in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. It is responsible for connecting a good die to a lead frame using automatic equipment called ...wire bonders. Among all the assembling processes, wire bonding is one of the most time-consuming processes. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the states of wire bonders in order to efficiently repair and maintain them. This becomes especially important when there are numerous wire bonders in the production line, as it helps improve productivity. In this study, we developed an information system that communicates with wire bonders using Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) Equipment Communications Standard (SECS) sensors. The SECS sensors, which combine the SECS protocol and the functions of the equipment automation program (EAP), take charge of receiving and responding messages from wire bonders and hosts, and acts as a bridge to help collect information on wire bonders and transmit it to our system. The developed system can show the states and error messages of wire bonders, wires, and bond heads. It also provides historical records and availability information of wire bonders. This assists managers in making informed decisions to reduce the time and effort required for maintaining wire bonders. Overall, our system effectively enhances the monitoring and maintenance processes of wire bonders, leading to improved productivity in assembling production.
Background: Administering premixed drugs in commodity packets was first reported in Asia in 2015, but there continues to be a dearth of related population-based data. This study aimed at examining ...(1) the prevalence of drug-packet use in the population and (2) the sociodemographic profiles, particularly gender distribution, of drug-packet users.Methods: Data were derived from a survey of 18,626 Taiwanese civilians, aged 12–64 years, using stratified, multi-stage, random sampling in 2018. Participants anonymously completed a computer-assisted self-interview on tablet computers which covered the use and problematic use of illicit drugs/inhalants, prescription drugs, and other psychoactive substances.Results: Approximately 1.46% of respondents had a lifetime use of illicit drugs, with drugs in commodity packets (0.18%) being ranked the fifth-most commonly used illicit drugs, higher than nitrous oxide (0.14%) and heroin (0.09%). Ten formats of drug packets were endorsed by users. Approximately 81.6% of persons with drug packet use had lifetime use of other illicit drugs. The correlates of the use of drugs in commodity packets were different from those of the exclusive use of other drugs, particularly concerning the lack of gender differences in the former category in the whole sample and the subgroups of various sociodemographic characteristics and other substance use.Conclusion: Drugs in commodity packets have become a common way of administering illicit drugs in the population in Taiwan, and there were no gender differences among users. Our findings have implications for more efficient drug testing and culturally appropriate intervention for drug-packet use.
The perovskite solar cell has potential to become next generation photovoltaics due to its high power conversion efficiency and easy processing. However, the perovskite solar cell is very sensitive ...to moisture and temperature which needs to be protected by low temperature processable moisture permeation coating. Furthermore, the encapsulating coating has to be transparent so the perovskite solar cell can be kept its transparency and used in integrated building structure or tandem with Si solar cell, etc. The coating material should be solventless which will not damage the perovskite layer and release any harmful volatile organic compounds during the coating application process. A solventless hybrid coating made from polyfluoroesterimide and silica nanoparticle has been developed which can be cured within minutes using mercury lamp (light intensity 935 W/m2) at room temperature. The coating exhibits low moisture permeation and high transparency. The performance improvement is due to the presence of water repelling characteristic of fluoro moiety and less moisture permeable inorganic silica component. The encapsulated devices exhibit long-term stability when they were subjected to the environment of 65 °C and 65%RH for >400 h.
•TFEVE-FIDA polymer combines aliphatic fluoropolymer and aromatic thermal stable fluoroimide as the matrix for low WVP coating.•Hybrid sample coating shows over 96% transmittance in visible light and over 90% transmittance at 360nm, and about 2.09 g∙mm/m2∙day.•In the 65°C, 65%RH condition accelerated life time test, the PCE of encapsulated perovskite solar cell can maintain over 85% after 400 hours.
This study evaluates the whole airway abnormalities of long‐term treated late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) patients, with interventions using the flexible bronchoscope (FB). As a retrospective study, ...we follow up with our five LOPD patients treated with Myozyme from 2012 to 2021 regularly, but with a focus on the whole airway abnormalities of these patients visualized through FB. The long‐term clinical outcomes and relevant airway symptoms were assessed. Pulmonary function test and polysomnography were performed to evaluate the degree of respiratory compromise. All patients in the study had varying degrees of airway collapsibility, pulmonary complications, sleep apnea syndrome, and facial anomalies. Pulmonary function could preserve after Myozyme treatment, but potential deterioration thereafter. This is the first study that focuses on airway abnormalities and pulmonary complications in long‐term treated LOPD patients using FB. Despite years of Myozyme treatment, we still observed airway abnormalities in these patients. In our series, the pulmonary complications seem more obvious than those observed in patients with infantile‐onset Pompe disease, which might be related to the late diagnosis and treatment. We might recommend that FB could provide dynamic evaluation and interventions of airway abnormalities simultaneously. Early diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction is a critical prognostic factor of the long‐term outcome of treated LOPD patients.
Abstract
The zero echo time (ZTE) technique has improved the detection of lung nodules in PET/MRI but respiratory motion remains a challenge in lung scan. We investigated the feasibility and ...performance of fractionated deep-inspiration breath-hold (FDIBH) three-dimensional (3D) ZTE FDG PET/MRI for assessing lung nodules in patients with proved malignancy. Sixty patients who had undergone ZTE FDG PET/MRI and chest CT within a three-day interval were retrospectively included. Lung nodules less than 2 mm were excluded for analysis. Two physicians checked the adequacy of FDIBH ZTE and compared the lung nodule detection rates of FDIBH 3D ZTE and free-breathing (FB) four-dimensional (4D) ZTE, with chest CT as the reference standard. FDIBH resolved the effect of respiratory motion in 49 patients. The mean number and size of the pulmonary nodules identified in CT were 15 ± 31.3 per patient and 5.9 ± 4.6 mm in diameter. The overall nodule detection rate was 71% for FDIBH 3D ZTE and 70% for FB 4D ZTE (
p
= 0.73). FDIBH 3D ZTE significantly outperformed FB 4DZTE in detecting lung base nodules (72% and 68%;
p
= 0.03), especially for detecting those less than 6 mm (61% and 55%;
p
= 0.03). High inter-rater reliability for FDIBH 3D ZTE and FB 4D ZTE (k = 0.9 and 0.92) was noted. In conclusion, the capability of FDIBH 3D ZTE in respiratory motion resolution was limited with a technical failure rate of 18%. However, it could provide full expansion of the lung in a shorter scan time which enabled better detection of nodules (< 6 mm) in basal lungs, compared to FB 4D ZTE.
This paper investigates how judicial quality affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Employing a difference-in-differences model based on the establishment of circuit courts in ...China and a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2010 to 2020, we find that enhanced judicial quality improves firms' CSR performance. Further analysis shows that CSR helps reduce the incidence and expense of lawsuits and financial constraints arising after the circuit court establishment and mitigates negative market responses toward lawsuit announcements. This suggests that CSR has strategic value against lawsuits and firms' incentives to reduce litigation costs, financial constraints, and adverse market reactions are the potential mechanisms. The effect of judicial quality on CSR performance is more pronounced for firms with greater ex-ante litigation risk, lower ex-ante CSR awareness, and close to circuit courts. Overall, this study highlights a novel externality of the judiciary and suggests that legal justice can promote stakeholder justice.
•We exploit the establishment of circuit courts in China and find a significant improvement in CSR performance.•The result remains after matching, alternative variable measurements, and other robustness checks.•The effect is stronger for firms with greater litigation risk, lower CSR awareness, and close to circuit courts.•Firms' incentives to reduce litigation costs, financial constraints, and adverse market reactions are potential mechanisms.•Our results suggest that legal justice can promote stakeholder justice.
In this study, the organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure based on the active layer of PTB7:PC71BM and fabricated by sheet-to-sheet slot-die coating process are ...prepared to evaluate the uniformity and process stability of the active layer on cell performance. Various solvent additives are mixed in the host solvent o-xylene for improving the performance of low band-gap based polymer system. The solvent additives as recipe will influence the drying rate as well as the nano-BHJ morphology of the active layer. The residual solvent left in the dried film plays an important role in determining the uniformity and performance of organic photovoltaics. Thus, we comparatively investigate the correlation between recipes using solvent additives and different substrate temperature on sheet-to-sheet (S2S) system. OPV with active areas of range from 1 × 0.3, 1 × 1, 1 × 2 to 1 × 4 cm2 are fabricated to verify the performance of the scale-up devices. The temperature-independent feature of substrate is demonstrated for the recipe of 1.5 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) plus 1.5 vol% 1-chloronaphthalene (CN). Less performance loss of 2.7% is shown at the active area of 1 × 4 cm2 compared to that of 16.1% for the recipe of 3 vol% DIO. The results will facilitate the scalable commercialization due to several merits of broad process window of S2S slot-die coating process, high film uniformity and high reproducibility between batches, and high power conversion efficiency.
•Slot-die coating of organic solar cell and module with improved uniformity and process stability.•Add solvent additives in active layer to control the uniformity of slot-die films.•Tune the substrate temperature to control the BHJ film morphology.•Large-area devices and module with low power conversion efficiency loss.
Background: The aim of this study was to build an auto-segmented artificial intelligence model of the atria and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on computed tomography (CT) images, and examine the ...prognostic significance of auto-quantified left atrium (LA) and EAT volumes for AF.Methods and Results: This retrospective study included 334 patients with AF who were referred for catheter ablation (CA) between 2015 and 2017. Atria and EAT volumes were auto-quantified using a pre-trained 3-dimensional (3D) U-Net model from pre-ablation CT images. After adjusting for factors associated with AF, Cox regression analysis was used to examine predictors of AF recurrence. The mean (±SD) age of patients was 56±11 years; 251 (75%) were men, and 79 (24%) had non-paroxysmal AF. Over 2 years of follow-up, 139 (42%) patients experienced recurrence. Diabetes, non-paroxysmal AF, non-pulmonary vein triggers, mitral line ablation, and larger LA, right atrium, and EAT volume indices were linked to increased hazards of AF recurrence. After multivariate adjustment, non-paroxysmal AF (hazard ratio HR 0.6; 95% confidence interval CI 0.4–0.8; P=0.003) and larger LA-EAT volume index (HR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0–1.2; P=0.009) remained independent predictors of AF recurrence.Conclusions: LA-EAT volume measured using the auto-quantified 3D U-Net model is feasible for predicting AF recurrence after CA, regardless of AF type.
Cognitive studies have suggested that anxiety is correlated with cognitive performance. Previous research has focused on the relationship between anxiety level and the perceptual load within the ...frontal region, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. High-anxious individuals are predicted to have worse performance on cognitively-demanding tasks requiring efficient cognitive processing. A few functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have specifically discussed the performance and brain activity involving working memory for high-anxious individuals. This topic has been further explored with electroencephalography, although these studies have mostly provided results involving visual face-related stimuli. In this study, we used auditory stimulation to manipulate the working memory load and attempted to interpret the deficiency of cognitive function in high-anxious participants or patients using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The fNIRS signals of 30 participants were measured while they were performing an auditory working memory task. For the auditory
-back task, there were three experimental conditions, including two
-back task conditions of stimuli memorization with different memory load and a condition of passive listening to the stimuli. Hemodynamic responses from frontal brain regions were recorded using a wireless fNIRS device. Brain activation from the ventrolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex were measured with signals filtered and artifacts removed. The fNIRS signals were then standardized with statistical testing and group analysis was performed. The results revealed that there were significantly stronger hemodynamic responses in the right ventrolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex when subjects were attending to the auditory working memory task with higher load. Furthermore, the right lateralization of the prefrontal cortex was negatively correlated with the level of state anxiety. This study revealed the possibility of incorporating fNIRS signals as an index to evaluate cognitive performance and mood states given its flexibility regarding portable applications compared to other neuroimaging techniques.
At the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, a small/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) instrument has been installed at the BL23A beamline with a superconducting wiggler insertion ...device. This beamline is equipped with double Si(111) crystal and double Mo/B4C multilayer monochromators, and an Si‐based plane mirror that can selectively deflect the beam downwards for grazing‐incidence SAXS (GISAXS) studies of air–liquid or liquid–liquid interfaces. The SAXS/WAXS instrument, situated in an experimental hutch, comprises collimation, sample and post‐sample stages. Pinholes and slits have been incorporated into the beam collimation system spanning a distance of ∼5 m. The sample stage can accommodate various sample geometries for air–liquid interfaces, thin films, and solution and solid samples. The post‐sample section consists of a 1 m WAXS section with two linear gas detectors, a vacuum bellows (1–4 m), a two‐beamstop system and the SAXS detector system, all situated on a motorized optical bench for motion in six degrees of freedom. In particular, the vacuum bellows of a large inner diameter (260 mm) provides continuous changes of the sample‐to‐detector distance under vacuum. Synchronized SAXS and WAXS measurements are realized via a data‐acquisition protocol that can integrate the two linear gas detectors for WAXS and the area detector for SAXS (gas type or Mar165 CCD); the protocol also incorporates sample changing and temperature control for programmable data collection. The performance of the instrument is illustrated via several different measurements, including (1) simultaneous SAXS/WAXS and differential scanning calorimetry for polymer crystallization, (2) structural evolution with a large ordering spacing of ∼250 nm in a supramolecular complex, (3) SAXS for polymer blends under in situ drawing, (4) SAXS and anomalous SAXS for unilamellar lipid vesicles and metalloprotein solutions, (5) anomalous GISAXS for oriented membranes of Br‐labeled lipids embedded with peptides, and (6) GISAXS for silicate films formed in situ at the air–water interface.
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