Taiwan’s electronics industry usually outsources most of its important components for production to enhance market competitiveness and operational flexibility. The quality of all component products ...is important to ensure the quality of the final product. In electronic assembly, printed circuit boards (PCBs) are key components that carry other electronic components to provide a stable circuit working environment. Surface Mounted Technology (SMT) is the mainstream technology in electronic assembly plants. Obviously, good SMT process quality is relatively important to the final product quality. The process capability index (PCI) is the most widely used process quality evaluation tool in the industry. Therefore, this paper used the PCI representing quality as the green outsourcer selection tool for the SMT process, derived the confidence interval of PCI to develop a quality evaluation model of green outsourcers, and considered the model as the green outsourcer selection model. Meanwhile, this model can be provided to enterprises, outsourcers, or suppliers to evaluate and improve the process quality of components to ensure the quality of components and final products. Since the selection model is based on confidence intervals, it can reduce the risk of misjudgment due to sampling error.
Energy shortage has become a global issue in the twenty-firt century, as energy consumption grows at an alarming rate as the fossil fuel supply exhausts. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising ...photovoltaic technology that has grown quickly in recent years. Its power conversion efficiency (PCE) is comparable to that of traditional silicon-based solar cells, and scale-up costs can be substantially reduced due to its utilization of solution-processable fabrication. Nevertheless, most PSCs research uses hazardous solvents, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and chlorobenzene (CB), which are not suitable for large-scale ambient operations and industrial production. In this study, we have successfully deposited all of the layers of PSCs, except the top metal electrode, under ambient conditions using a slot-die coating process and nontoxic solvents. The fully slot-die coated PSCs exhibited PCEs of 13.86% and 13.54% in a single device (0.09 cm
) and mini-module (0.75 cm
), respectively.
Feasible commercial process to manufacture highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
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•A rapid and nitrogen-free process for the fabrication of planar inverted structured perovskite ...solar cells (PSCs).•An alternative post-annealed method was developed by near-infrared (NIR) radiation to traditional heating oven. The annealed time can be shorten from 1500 s to 30 s by NIR irradiation.•The crystalline and nano-morphological structures of perovskite layers correlated to thermal and NIR annealing effects were revealed by the grazing-incidence wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS and GISAXS).•Performance of sheet-to-sheet slot-die coated PSCs fabricated under ambient air can be achieved to 12.3%.
A nitrogen-free and slot-die coating fabrication of perovskite solar cells combined with NIR annealing. We develop a fabrication approach of planar inverted structured perovskite solar cell (PSC) in ambient condition with a PCE of 12.4% as compared to that (13.3%) of PSC fabricated in glove box filled with nitrogen. In addition, we demonstrate an alternative post-annealed method by near-infrared (NIR) radiation to traditional heating method by oven. The annealed time by NIR can be shortened from 1500 s to 30 s and the device performance over 10% can be achieved. The present work investigates the NIR effect for different layers in the two-step processing on the cell performance. The grazing-incidence wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS and GISAXS) techniques for the perovskite layers are performed to reveal the crystalline and nano-morphological structures of perovskite layers correlated to thermal and NIR annealing effects. Based on this approach under ambient air, we scale up to the large-area fabrication using the slot-die coating. The performance of slot-die coated PSC can achieve to 12.3%. The critical step is the control of PbI2 layer thickness. We also applied the NIR radiation to the slot-die coated PSC and the PCE of 11.4% can be achieved. Our study paves a facile way to rapid manufacture and mass production of perovskite solar cells.
Recently, several studies revealed a much higher prevalence of later onset Fabry disease (FD) than previously expected. It suggested that later onset FD might present as an important hidden health ...issue in certain ethnic or demographic populations in the world. However, the natural history of its phenotype has not been systemically investigated, especially the cardiac involvement.
The study analyzed a large-scale newborn screening program for FD to understand the natural course of later onset FD.
To date, 916,383 newborns have been screened for FD in Taiwan, including more than 1,200 individuals with the common, later onset IVS4+919G>A (IVS4) mutation. Echocardiography was performed in 620 adults with the IVS4 mutation to analyze the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 129 patients with FD, including 100 IVS4 adults.
LVH was observed in 67% of men and 32% of women older than 40 years. Imaging evidenced significant late gadolinium enhancement in 38.1% of IVS4 men and 16.7% of IVS4 women with the IVS4 mutation but without LVH. Seventeen patients underwent endomyocardial biopsies, which revealed significant globotriaosylceramide substrate accumulation in their cardiomyocytes.
Significant cardiomyocyte substrate accumulation in IVS4 patients led to severe and irreversible cardiac fibrosis before development of LVH or other significant cardiac manifestations. Thus, it might be too late to start enzyme replacement therapy after the occurrence of LVH or other significant cardiac manifestations in patients with later onset FD. This study also indicated the importance of newborn screening for early detection of the insidious, ongoing, irreversible cardiac damage in patients with later onset FD.
In this work, we have investigated in depth the effect of a ZnO layer in between ITO and the active layer of PTB7:PC
71
BM-based polymer solar cells on the device performance under 1 sun and indoor ...light conditions. Under 1 sun illumination, the PSCs with ZnO nanoparticles show the highest efficiency of 8.33%, which is nearly 14% more compared to the efficiency of the PSCs with ZnO prepared by the sol-gel method due to the shifting of open-circuit voltage (
V
oc
). The PSCs with ZnO nanoparticles show better carrier transport, collection efficiency, reduced bi-molecular recombination, trap-assisted recombination, and charge accumulation as evident from the measurements of light intensity-dependent short circuit current density,
V
oc
, and bulk capacitance of the device. The chemical capacitance extracted from impedance measurements and the trap depth can thoroughly explain the difference in
V
oc
,
i.e.
the shift of energy level and carrier recombination are strongly dependent on the preparation methods of ZnO. Moreover, all the devices show similar performance under indoor light except the PSCs with ZnO prepared by the sol-gel method. The ZnO prepared by the sol-gel method could induce the trap-assisted recombination affecting
V
oc
of the device and resulting in the decrease of its indoor performance. However, we believe that these results might provide a good pathway for the development of polymer solar cells for applications under sunlight and indoor light conditions.
In this work, we have investigated in depth the effect of a ZnO layer in between ITO and the active layer of PTB7:PC
71
BM-based polymer solar cells on the device performance under 1 sun and indoor light conditions.
Gender differences in alcohol use have narrowed in Western societies, but that in Asia has been less investigated. By comparing the 2014 and 2018 waves of the national survey in Taiwan, we aimed to ...examine the gender differences in population trends in past-month alcohol use, binge drinking, and harmful alcohol use.
The national survey enrolled 17,837 participants in 2014 and 18,626 participants in 2018. Binge drinking was defined as having ≥5 drinks on one occasion in the past month, and harmful alcohol use as having an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score of ≥8.
There were significant decreases from 2014 to 2018 in the population’s prevalence of past-month alcohol use, binge drinking, and harmful alcohol use. However, males and females had different trends: males showed significant reductions in all three alcohol use behaviours (a decrease of 3.79%, 1.59%, and 2.60%, respectively), while females exhibited a significant rise in harmful alcohol use (from 1.32% to 1.72%), particularly among those aged 18–29 years.
There was gender convergence in alcohol use in Taiwan, mainly due to men’s decrease and women’s increase in harmful alcohol use. Our findings have important implications for the intervention and prevention of the problematic use of alcohol in East Asia.
A high-performance broadband photodetector (PD) based on triple-cation perovskite (PVSK)/ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) is fabricated. Multiple material analysis, including scanning electron microscope ...(SEM), absorption spectrum, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) are conducted. The analyses indicate that a dense perovskite film is closely capped on the ZnO NRs. A light source with different wavelength is applied to evaluate the photosensitive behaviors along with impulse responses of the PVSK/ZnO NRs PDs and pure ZnO NRs PDs. Results show that the PVSK/ZnO NRs PDs are sensitive to the ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, while the pure ZnO NRs PDs are only sensitive to the UV light. Moreover, owing to the superior photoelectric properties of triple-cation perovskite than the mono-cation perovskite, the triple-cation PVSK/ZnO NRs PDs deliver a high declivity of 7.69 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> \,\times\, {10}^{12}</tex-math></inline-formula>, 1.49 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> \,\times\, {10}^{13}</tex-math></inline-formula> and 3.61<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> \,\times\, {10}^{13}</tex-math></inline-formula> Jones under the light illumination with a wavelength of 350, 450 and 600 nm, respectively. Triple-cation PVSK/ZnO NRs composites are promising materials for broadband wavelength detection from UV to visible light with high detectivity.
The composite electron transporting layer (ETL) of metal oxide with 6,6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) prevents perovskite from metal electrode erosion and increases p–i–n perovskite ...solar cell (PVSC) stability. Although the oxide exhibits protective function, an additional work function modifier is still needed for good device performance. Usually, complicated multistep synthesis is employed to have a highly crystalline film that increases manufacturing cost and inhibits scalability. We report a facile synthesis of a novel organic-molecule-capped metal oxide nanoparticle film for the composite ETL. The nanoparticle film not only has a dual function of electron transport and protection but also exhibits work function tunability. Solvothermal-prepared SnO2 nanoparticles are capped with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) through ligand exchange. The resulting TBAOH–SnO2 nanoparticles disperse well in ethanol and form a uniform film on PCBM. The power conversion efficiency of the device dramatically increases from 14.91 to 18.77% using this layer because of reduced charge accumulation and aligned band structure. The PVSC thermal stability is significantly enhanced by adopting this layer, which prevents migration of I– and Ag. The ligand exchange method extends to other metal oxides, such as TiO2, ITO, and CeO2, demonstrating its broad applicability. These results provide a cornerstone for large-scale manufacture of high-performance and stable PVSCs.
•A novel dual dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (dDLLME) was developed.•DDLLME was an environmental friendly method to determine phenylpropenes.•Six phenylpropenes was quantified in 22 ...essential oils, spices and massage oils.•Nutmeg had the most enormous of safrole and myristicin in essential oil.
A novel, simple and quick sample preparation method was developed and used for pre-concentration and extraction of six phenylpropenes, including anethole, estragole, eugenol, methyl eugenol, safrole and myristicin, from oil samples by dual dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for determination and separation of compounds. Several experimental parameters affecting extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized, including forward-extractant type and volume, surfactant type and concentration, water volume, and back-extractant type and volume. For all analytes (10–1000ng/mL), the limits of detection (S/N≧3) ranged from 1.0 to 3.0ng/mL; the limits of quantification (S/N≧10) ranged from 2.5 to 10.0ng/mL; and enrichment factors ranged from 3.2 to 37.1 times. Within-run and between-run relative standard deviations (n=6) were less than 2.61% and less than 4.33%, respectively. Linearity was excellent with determination coefficients (r2) above 0.9977. The experiments showed that the proposed method is a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method of analyzing phenylpropenes in oil samples.
Hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIP) have become a promising visible light sensing material due to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics. Despite the superiority, ...overcoming the stability issue for commercialization remains a challenge. Herein, an extremely stable photodetector was demonstrated and fabricated with Cs0.06FA0.94Pb(I0.68Br0.32)3 perovskite by an all-vacuum process. The photodetector achieves a current density up to 1.793 × 10–2 A cm–2 under standard one sun solar illumination while maintaining a current density as low as 8.627 × 10–10 A cm–2 at zero bias voltage. The linear dynamic range (LDR) and transient voltage response were found to be comparable to the silicon-based photodetector (Newport 818-SL). Most importantly, the device maintains 95% of the initial performance after 960 h of incessant exposure under one sun solar illumination. The achievements of these outstanding results contributed to the all-vacuum deposition process delivering a film with high stability and good uniformity, which in turn delays the degradation process. The degradation mechanism is further investigated by impedance spectroscopy to reveal the charge dynamics in the photodetector under different exposure times.
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