A Koryô mission led by Wang Chôn visited the Mongol in 1259 and had intense contacts with pro-Qubilai forces. Especially the Confucian scholars in North China, and therefore turned to Qubilai in the ...political turmoil. With the mediation of the scholar-ministers in Qubilai’s court, another Koryô mission led by Wang Hûi in 1260 succeeded in seeking an allowance for postponement of the Koryô court’s return to the mainland (出陸). An edict composed by some scholar-minister of the Mongols in 1260 used the word fan (藩) to refer to the Koryô and defined it as a vassal under the tributary system. But Qubilai himself still regarded the Koryô as submitted following the tradition of the Mongols. Under a kind of ambiguity, the Koryô missions and the scholar-ministers of the Mongol together had brought new elements into the Koryô-Mongol relationship and altered the mongol tradition.
Aedes albopictus is a very invasive and aggressive insect vector that causes outbreaks of dengue fever, chikungunya disease, and yellow fever in many countries. Vector ecology and disease ...epidemiology are strongly affected by environmental changes. Urbanization is a worldwide trend and is one of the most ecologically modifying phenomena. The purpose of this study is to determine how environmental changes due to urbanization affect the ecology of Aedes albopictus.
Aquatic habitats and Aedes albopictus larval population surveys were conducted from May to November 2013 in three areas representing rural, suburban, and urban settings in Guangzhou, China. Ae. albopictus adults were collected monthly using BG-Sentinel traps. Ae. albopictus larva and adult life-table experiments were conducted with 20 replicates in each of the three study areas.
The urban area had the highest and the rural area had the lowest number of aquatic habitats that tested positive for Ae. albopictus larvae. Densities in the larval stages varied among the areas, but the urban area had almost two-fold higher densities in pupae and three-fold higher in adult populations compared with the suburban and rural areas. Larvae developed faster and the adult emergence rate was higher in the urban area than in suburban and rural areas. The survival time of adult mosquitoes was also longer in the urban area than it was in suburban and rural areas. Study regions, surface area, water depth, water clearance, surface type, and canopy coverage were important factors associated with the presence of Ae. albopictus larvae.
Urbanization substantially increased the density, larval development rate, and adult survival time of Ae. albopictus, which in turn potentially increased the vector capacity, and therefore, disease transmissibility. Mosquito ecology and its correlation with dengue virus transmission should be compared in different environmental settings.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents a framework for object recognition using topological persistence. In particular, we show that the so-called persistence diagrams built from functions defined on the objects can ...serve as compact and informative descriptors for images and shapes. Complementary to the bag-of-features representation, which captures the distribution of values of a given function, persistence diagrams can be used to characterize its structural properties, reflecting spatial information in an invariant way. In practice, the choice of function is simple: each dimension of the feature vector can be viewed as a function. The proposed method is general: it can work on various multimedia data, including 2D shapes, textures and triangle meshes. Extensive experiments on 3D shape retrieval, hand gesture recognition and texture classification demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, our approach yields higher recognition accuracy when used in conjunction with the bag-of-features.
In vivo calcium imaging using a 1-photon-based miniscope and a microendoscopic lens enables studies of neural activities in freely behaving animals. However, the high and fluctuating background, the ...inevitable movements and distortions of imaging field, and the extensive spatial overlaps of fluorescent signals emitted from imaged neurons inherent in this 1-photon imaging method present major challenges for extracting neuronal signals reliably and automatically from the raw imaging data. Here, we develop a unifying algorithm called the miniscope 1-photon imaging pipeline (MIN1PIPE), which contains several stand-alone modules and can handle a wide range of imaging conditions and qualities with minimal parameter tuning and automatically and accurately isolate spatially localized neural signals. We have quantitatively compared MIN1PIPE with other existing partial methods using both synthetic and real datasets obtained from different animal models and show that MIN1PIPE has superior efficiency and precision in analyzing noisy miniscope calcium imaging data.
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•A generic end-to-end processing pipeline (MIN1PIPE) for 1-photon calcium imaging•A hierarchical motion correction module corrects all types of deformations•A seeds-cleansed signal extraction module automatically extracts shapes and traces•MIN1PIPE removes the parameters unknown a priori but central in other algorithms
Lu et al. develop an end-to-end pipeline (MIN1PIPE) for automatic processing of single-photon calcium imaging data that uses different algorithms for movement correction and signal extraction and outperforms existing methods.
A novel chaetoglobosin named penochalasin I (
) with a unprecedented six-cyclic 6/5/6/5/6/13 fused ring system, and another new chaetoglobosin named penochalasin J (
), along with chaetoglobosins G, ...F, C, A, E, armochaetoglobosin I, and cytoglobosin C (
-
) were isolated from the culture of
V11. Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and high resolution mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of compounds
and
were determined by comparing the theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation with the experimental CD. Compound
was the first example, with a six-cyclic fused ring system formed by the connection of C-5 and C-2' of the chaetoglobosin class. Compounds
-
remarkably inhibited the plant pathogenic fungus
(minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) = 11.79-23.66 μM), and compounds
,
, and
greatly inhibited
(MICs = 23.58-47.35 μM), showing an antifungal activity higher than that of carbendazim. Compound
exhibited marked cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-435 and SGC-7901 cells (IC
< 10 μM), and compounds
and
showed potent cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 and A549 cells (IC
< 10 μM).
S100A4, an important member of the S100 family of proteins, is best known for its significant role in promoting cancer progression and metastasis. In addition to its expression in tumors, ...upregulation of S100A4 expression has been associated with various non-tumor pathophysiology processes. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of S100A4 remain unclear. Activated "host" cells (fibroblasts, immunocytes, vascular cells, among others) secrete S100A4 into the extracellular space in various non-tumor human disorders, where it executes its biological functions by interacting with intracellular target proteins. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions in different non-tumor pathophysiologies vary, and S100A4 is likely one of the cross-linking factors that acts as common intrinsic constituents of biological mechanisms. Numerous studies have indicated that the S100A4-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of various non-tumor pathophysiologies. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition can be categorized into three general subtypes based on the phenotype and function of the output cells. S100A4 regulates tissue fibrosis associated with the type II epithelial-mesenchymal transition via various signaling pathways. Additionally, S100A4 stimulates fibroblasts to secrete fibronectin and collagen, thus forming the structural components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stimulating their deposition in tissues, contributing to the formation of a pro-inflammatory niche. Simultaneously, S100A4 enhances the motility of macrophages, neutrophils, and leukocytes and promotes the recruitment and chemotaxis of these inflammatory cells to regulate inflammation and immune functions. S100A4 also exerts a neuroprotective pro-survival effect on neurons by rescuing them from brain injury and participates in angiogenesis by interacting with other target molecules. In this review, we summarize the role of S100A4 in fibrosis, inflammation, immune response, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and some common non-tumor diseases as well as its possible involvement in molecular pathways and potential clinical value.
•Build a large-scale 3D shape retrieval benchmark that supports multi-modal queries.•Evaluate the 26 3D shape retrieval methods using 3 types of metrics.•Solicit and identify state-of-the-art methods ...and promising related techniques.•Perform detailed analysis on diverse methods w.r.t accuracy and efficiency.•Make benchmark and evaluation tools freely available to the community.
Large-scale 3D shape retrieval has become an important research direction in content-based 3D shape retrieval. To promote this research area, two Shape Retrieval Contest (SHREC) tracks on large scale comprehensive and sketch-based 3D model retrieval have been organized by us in 2014. Both tracks were based on a unified large-scale benchmark that supports multimodal queries (3D models and sketches). This benchmark contains 13680 sketches and 8987 3D models, divided into 171 distinct classes. It was compiled to be a superset of existing benchmarks and presents a new challenge to retrieval methods as it comprises generic models as well as domain-specific model types. Twelve and six distinct 3D shape retrieval methods have competed with each other in these two contests, respectively. To measure and compare the performance of the participating and other promising Query-by-Model or Query-by-Sketch 3D shape retrieval methods and to solicit state-of-the-art approaches, we perform a more comprehensive comparison of twenty-six (eighteen originally participating algorithms and eight additional state-of-the-art or new) retrieval methods by evaluating them on the common benchmark. The benchmark, results, and evaluation tools are publicly available at our websites (http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/vug/sharp/contest/2014/Generic3D/, 2014, http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/vug/sharp/contest/2014/SBR/, 2014).
Three new benzofuranoids, asperfuranoids A-C (
-
), two new phenylpropanoid derivatives (
and
), and nine known analogues (
,
, and
-
) were isolated from the liquid substrate fermentation cultures ...of the mangrove endopytic fungus
sp. ZJ-68. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic data interpretation. The absolute configurations of
-
were assigned via the combination of Mosher's method, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compounds
and
were a pair of enantiomers and their absolute configurations were established for the first time on the basis of their ECD spectra aided with ECD calculations. All isolated compounds (
-
) were evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory activity against
-glucosidase and antibacterial activities against four pathogenic bacteria (
,
,
, and
). Among them, compound
exhibited potent inhibitory activity against
-glucosidase in a standard in vitro assay, with an IC
value of 12.4 μM, while compounds
and
showed activities against
,
, and
, with MIC values in the range of 4.15 to 12.5 μg/mL.
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